经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术治疗老年人二尖瓣狭窄的临床观察

目的 探讨经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗老年人二尖瓣狭窄的疗效、安全性及并发症的预防.方法 采用改良的房间隔定位法及运用跨二尖瓣技术对老年二尖瓣狭窄患者行逐步球囊扩张.手术前后分别记录即刻左心房压、肺动脉平均压、二尖瓣跨瓣压差及二尖瓣口面积,并进行手术后随访.结果 PBMV有效扩大了二尖瓣口面积,与术前比较,术后左心房压下降[分别为(25.3±6.7)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)与(16.4±5.8)mm Hg]、二尖瓣跨瓣压下降[分别为(17.6±6.7)mm Hg与(6.8±2.9)mm Hg]、肺动脉压下降[分别为(38.6±12.1)mm Hg与(29.2±9.8)mm Hg],二尖瓣口面积增加[分别为(1.05±0.22)cm2与(1.61±0.38)cm2],心功能明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).随访结果表明,PBMV疗效稳定.结论 PBMV操作技术的改进能明显改善老年患者二尖瓣狭窄症状,显著降低手术的并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the improved percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in elderly patients with mitral stenosis. Methods Elderly patients with severe mitral stenosis received an improved PBMV which included a modified way of atrial septal puncture and technique across the mitral valve. The left atrial pressrue (LAP), mean pulmonary pressure (MPA), mean gradient across the mitral value (MPG) and mitral valve area (MVA) were recorded and compared before and after the operation. Long term follow up were made. Results After operation, the LAP decreased [(25.3±6.7) mm Hg vs.(16.4±5.8) mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 Kpa], MPG decreased [(17.6±6.7) mm Hg vs.(6.8±2.9) mm Hg], MPA decreased [(38.6±12.1) mm Hg vs. (29.2±9.8) mm Hg], MVA increased [(1.05±0.22)cm2 vs.(1.61±0.38)cm2] and the New York heart association heart function classification improved. The follow-up result showed that the effect of PBMV was constant. Conclusions Improved PBMV may be an effective and safe measure for patients with mitral stenosis.     

Early variation of left ventricular dimension and mitral regurgitation after correction for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery

Background Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare congenital cardiac lesion resulting in myocardial ischemia even infarction,morphological impairment and dysfunction of left ventricle,together with mitral regurgitation.Here we will introduce our experience in the surgical repair of this kind of congenital lesion and the retrospective analysis about the improvement of left ventricular dimension and mitral regurgitation in early postoperative term.Method From May 1998 to July 2012,38 consecutive patients with anomalous coronary artery from the pulmonary artery underwent surgical correction(33 received left coronary artery re-implantation,4 left coronary artery ligation or primary closure,1 Takeuchi procedure,and 10 simultaneous mitral valve plasty).Left ventricular dimension,mitral regurgitation,and ejection fraction,were measured by color Doppler echocardiography preoperatively,and 1 month after discharge.Results Hospital survival was 94.7%(2 in-hospital deaths).Ten paptients with more than moderate mitral regurgitation received simultaneous mitral plasty,one of whom was converted to mechanical prosthetic valve replacement.Mitral valve annuloplasty was applied in 9 cases of coronary re-implantation correction,3 of whom also received additional mitral leaflet cleft repair.Meanwhile 8 patients underwent other different concomitant operations.Echocardiographic results for the survivals 1 month after discharge showed that left ventricular end-diastolic,endsystolic dimension decreased from 40.05 ± 5.56 mm and 28.94 ± 6.21 mm to 33.07 ± 6.82 mm(P < 0.01) and 23.04 ± 5.87 mm(P < 0.01) respectively.The average mitral regurgitation grade was also reduced from 2.36 ± 1.08 to 1.64 ± 93(P < 0.05) in the group.All survival patients improved clinically and NYHA functional class decreased significantly from 2.37 ± 1.08 to 2.10 ± 0.54(P < 0.05).Conclusions The surgical repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is safe and effective,and can get satisfactory dimensional and functional improvement of the left ventricle in early term.Although controversial,concomitant mitral valve plasty can be helpful for critical patients with severe mitral regurgitation.     

房间隔缺损介入治疗封堵器的选择对心脏重构的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects on cardiac remodeling post transcatheter closure by Amplatzer septal occluder selected by oval circumference formula in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD). Methods A total of 146 patients with ASD (68 males,mean 33.5 years) treated by transcatheter closure with the Amplatzer oceluder were enrolled in this study. The diameter of defects was corrected with the oval circumference formula (group A, 73 cases) or by echocardiography (group B, 73 cases). Cardiac remodeling was assessed by transthoracie echocardiography (TIE) before the procedure, 3 days, 3 months and 6 months after ASD closure. Results The mean ASD diameter was similar between the two groups [(20.16±4.98) mm vs. (21.36±5.69) mm, P > 0.05] and the mean diameter of the selected occluder of group A was significantly smaller than that in group B [(21.95±6.78)mm vs. (25.85±6.75)mm, P< 0.05]. Procedural success rate was identical between the two groups (97.3%) and the defects were completely occluded and there was no residual shunt during the 6 months follow up period, there were also no complications during and after the procedure. The lateral diameter of right atrial (RALD), the diastolic diameter of right ventricle (RVDD), RALD/LALD, RVDD/LVDD and pulmonary diameter (PD) were significantly decreased while the lateral diameter of left atrial (LALD) and left ventricle (LVDD) were significantly increased post ASD closure in both groups. At 6 months follow up, BALD decreased by (18.63±10.59) % in group A versus (10.14±6.59) % in group B, LALD increased by (13.42± 8.38) % in group A versus (9.28±4.95) % in group B and RALD/LALD ratio decreased by (26.35± 11.24)% in group A versus (13.98±8.96) % ingroupsB (all P<0.05).Conclusion ASD occluder selection based on the oval circumference formula is superior to that made by echocardiography in terms of more favorable cardiac remodeling post ASD closure.     

Assessment of the Outcome of Severe Mitral Stenosis during Late Pregnancy

Objectives Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is one way to improve the rheumatic mitral stenosis. How does the procedure work in gravida and fetus is not very clear. We analyzed the effects and safety of PBMV operation on pregnant patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis. Methods Eight pregnant patients suffering from severe mitral stenosis underwent facilitated PBMV operation with Inoue balloon, and were followed up for (2.0±1.1) years. Contents included outcome of pregnancy, infant growth, hemodynamics, echocardiography, cardiac function, mitral valves replacement or repeat valvuloplasty. Results Mitral valve area (MVA) before, one week and one year after facilitated PBMV were (0.84±0.21) cm2, (1.69±0.23) cm2 and (1.51±0.24) cm2 respectively. The transmitral pressure gradient dropped from (22.1±4.7) mm Hg to (9.9±3.1) mm Hg (P<0.001) (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa). After facilitated PBMV, all patients showed remarkable immediate symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement without severe mitral regurgitation. All of these patients could maintain New York heart association (NYHA) Ⅰ or Ⅱ for (2. 0±1.1) years after the operation. Two patients demanded induced abortion concerning about the teratogenic effect of X-ray on fetus. All the other six patients continued their gestation and had full-term cesarean section without complications. Their newborns developed healthy and normally till now. Conclusions Facilitated PBMV is a feasible, safe and effective device for selected pregnant patients with mitral stenosis. The operation is well tolerated by the fetus.     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术疗效和术后左心房重构的可控影响因素

目的 探讨经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)治疗二尖瓣狭窄的疗效和术后左心房重构的可控影响因素.方法 选取我院1998年3月至2002年6月行PBMV的二尖瓣狭窄患者96 例.收集术前、术后1周和术后4～6年超声心动图、12导联心电图等临床资料进行回顾性分析.采用多元逐步回归方法分析影响术后左心房重构的可控临床因素.结果 PBMV术前左心房内径与术后1周比较差异无统计学意义[(44.6±6.6)cm比(42.8±6.5)cm,P>0.05];术后4～6年左心房内径为(47.2±5.7)cm,均大于术前和术后1周(P均<0.05).与术前比较,术后1周和4～6年二尖瓣口面积均较大[(2.02±0.43)cm2和(1.98±0.36)cm2比(1.06±0.32)cm2,P均<0.05].术后1周和术后4～6年心功能Ⅰ和Ⅱ级(纽约心脏病学会分级)患者比例均高于术前(P<0.01).多元回归分析显示,与术后4～6年左心房内径相关的可控因素包括术后4～6年收缩压水平、术后1周二尖瓣口面积、术前心房颤动、术前Wilkins积分≤8分,术前左心房内径(P均<0.05).结论 PBMV治疗二尖瓣狭窄的近期效果明显.术后4～6年收缩压水平、术后1周二尖瓣口面积、术前心房颤动、术前Wilkins积分≤8分、术前左心房内径是影响术后左心房内径的重要因素.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the outcome and assess related factors affecting left atrial remodeling after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in patients with mitral valve stenosis. Methods From March 1998 to June 2002,there were 96 mitral valve stenosis patients who underwent PBMV in our hospital. Echocardiographic,12 leads united electrocardiogram and other clinical datas were collected at preoperation,1 week after operation,and 4-6 years after operation to retrospectiveanalysis. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to assess controllable factors of left atrial remodeling. ResultsLeft atrial diameter reduced from (44.6±6.6)cm before PBMV to (42.8±6.5)cm (P>0.05) 1 week after PBMV and enlarged to (47.2±5.7)cm (all P<0.05) at the end of 4-6 years follow up post operation. The mitral valve area (MVA) increased from (1.06±0.32) cm2 before PBMV to (2.02±0.43) cm2 1 week after PBMV and (1.98±0.36)cm2 4-6 years post operation (all P<0.05). Heart function assessed by NYHA classification improved significantly at 1 week and 4-6 years after surgery compared with pre-operation(P<0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure at 4-6 years after operation, MVA at 1 week after operation, preoperative atrial fibrillation, Wilkins score≤8, preoperative left atrial diameter were the independent predictive factors of left atrial remodeling at 4-6 years after PBMV.Conclusions PBMV was an effective therapy option for patients with mitral valve stenosis.Systolic blood pressure at 4-6 years after operation, MVA at 1 week after operation, preoperative atrial fibrillation, Wilkins≤8, preoperative left atrial diameter are the predictive factors of left atrial remodeling after PBMV.     

Mapping and ablation of atrial arrhythmia after valve surgery plus mini-maze procedure

Background Recurrent atrial arrhythmia is very common in patients after mitral valve surgery plus mini-maze procedure.Investigation about the mechanism for these patients may have important implication to improve the surgery strategy.Methods Mini-maze procedure was defined as follow: Pulmonary vein encircling incision and roof line connecting the two circles lesion,left atrial isthmus lesion,and the right atrial isthmus lesion.There were 517 patients with rheumatic valvular disease and pre-operative atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing valve surgery plus mini-maze procedure in our hospital in the last 3 years,and 93 patients(18%) had recurrent atrial arrhythmia.Twelve patients(6 males and 6 females,mean age 53.8±7.8 ys) underwent electrophysiological study using 3-D mapping system(10 pts) or conventional mapping method(2 pts).Results The first recurrent time from surgery was 4.4±2.2 months.The mean follow-up time after catheter ablation was(12.0±6.0) months.One patient with sinus bradycardia had recurrent incessant atrial tachycardia (AT),but the AT was terminated by catheter position and never could be induced any more.She underwent a repeat procedure but failed just as the course in the first time, and was treated with DDDR pacemaker plus amiodarone.Six patients had 10 kinds of stable AT,including 5 at right atrial isthmus,2 at roof line,1 related to right atrial incision, 1 at anterior wall of left atrial,and 1 related to left superior pulmonary vene.All the stable AT were eliminated and remained sinus rhythm.Three patients had ATs with variable cycle length and the 3-D mapping suggested macro-reentry AT around mitral annulus.We tried to ablate at routine mitral isthmus and also in coronary sinus,but could not reach bi-directional conduction blocking.The other 2 patients were AF with reconnection at all previous ablation sites.Ablation strategy for AF included lesion at re-conduction sites and complex fractionated atrial electrogram.The patients with AF and mitral isthmus related AT were administrated with     

Efficacy of interventional therapy on paravalvular leakage after mitral valve replacement

<正>Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter intervention of paravalvular leakage(PVL)after mitral valve replacement.Methods Present respective study included 15 patients(8 males and mean age(53.5±11.7)years)with mitral PVL who underwent interventional     

The Changes of Left Ventricular Form and Function After Closure of Moderateto Large-sized Patent Ductus Arteriosus Using Domestic-made Occluder

Objectives To evaluate the changes of the left ventricular form and function after closure of moderate- to large-sized patent ductus arteriosus （PDA） using domestic-made occluder. Methods 22 patients with PDA underwent procedure successfuly using the domestic-made occluder. The mean PDA minimal （pulmonary end） diameter by aortography was 8.01±2.47 mm （range 4 to 15.5mm）. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography （TTE） study before the procedure and the following 48 hours, 3 months after procedure. Results All patients had been implanted the domestic-made occluders successfully with no haematolysis, infective endocarditis, recanalization and other complications. At 3 months, mean LVED was decreased to 50.05±6.55 mm, compared to the pre-procedure （55.67 ±8.48 mm）, P 〈 0.01. After 48 hours of the procedure, mean LVEDD and LVESD decreased significantly （156.22± 51.40 mL vs. 121.28±35.73ml, 57.16±32.07 mL vs. 45.88±15.97 mL）, P〈 0.05. At 3 months, LVEDD decreased to 110.93 ±15.08ml, LVSV reached 73.50± 9.19 mL, compared to the pre-procedure, P 〈 0.01. LVESD decreased to 37.43±10.44 mL at 3 months, P〈 0.05. Conclusions Closuring of moderate- to largesized PDA using domestic-made occluder is effective and safe. After procedure, left ventricular form and function improved.     

Repair of anterior mitral leaflet prolapse using artificial Gore-Tex loops in preoperatively echo-determined length

Background Chordae reconstruction is one of the key points in repair of mitral valve prolapse,especially for anterior leaflets.Here we introduce our experiences of using echo-determined normal chordael length to make the loops preoperatively and rebuild the elongated / ruptured chordae intraoperatively.Materials and method From June 2011 to February 2012,19 consecutive cases with mitral anterior leaflet prolapse underwent valve repair procedures.Echocardiography was used to determine the length of normal chordae that the prolapsed leaflets should have for normal coaptation.The artificial chordae was fabricated in loops according to echo-determined length.Results All patients survived the operations.2.8 preoperatively prepared loops were used per patient to restore the anterior leaflets,as well as posterior leaflets.Artificial mitral valve rings were applied to 18 patients for mitral annuloplasty.16 patients were underwent different concomitant operations.Echocardiographic results at discharge showed that grade of mitral regurgitation,left ventricular end-diastolic,end-systolic dimension decreased definitely,respectively from 3.26 ± 1.10,53.79 ± 15.03 mm,33.00 ± 12.05 mm preoperatively to 0.47 ± 0.61(P < 0.01),44.74 ± 10.28 mm(P < 0.01),30.16 ± 10.58 mm(P < 0.05)postoperatively.All patients improved clinically and NYHA functional class decreased significantly from 2.17 ± 0.81 to 1.12 ± 0.33.Conclusion Reconstruction of prolapsed anterior leaflet chordae with artificial loops in preoperatively echo-determined length is safe and effective,and initial clinical outcome is satisfactory.     

Suitable closure for post-duodenal endoscopic resection taking medical costs into consideration

AIM:To compare closure methods,closure times and medical costs between two groups of patients who had post-endoscopic resection(ER) artificial ulcer floor closures.METHODS:Nineteen patients with duodenal adenoma,early duodenal cancer,and subepithelial tumors that received ER between September 2009 and September 2014 at Kagawa University Hospital and Ehime Rosai Hospital,an affiliated hospital of Kagawa University,were included in the study.We retrospectively compared two groups of patients who received postER artificial ulcer floor closure:the conventional clip group vs the over-the-scope clip(OTSC) group.Delayed bleeding,procedure time of closure,delayed perforation,total number of conventional clips and OTSCs and medical costs were analyzed.RESULTS:Although we observed delayed bleeding in three patients in the conventional clip group,we observed no delayed bleeding in the OTSC group(P = 0.049).We did not observe perforation in either group.The mean procedure times for ulcer closure were 33.26 ± 12.57 min and 9.71 ± 2.92 min,respectively(P = 0.0001).The resection diameters were 18.8 ± 1.30 mm and 22.9 ± 1.21 mm for the conventional clip group and the OTSC group,respectively,with significant difference(P = 0.039).As for medical costs,the costs of all conventional clips were USD $1257 and the costs of OTSCs were $7850(P = 0.005).If the post-ER ulcer is under 20 mm in diameter,a conventional clip closure may be more suitable with regard to the prevention of delayed perforation and to medical costs.CONCLUSION:If the post-ER ulcer is over 20 mm,the OTSC closure should be selected with regard to safety and reliable closure even if there are high medical costs.     

二尖瓣形态对经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术近远期疗效的影响

目的 观察不同瓣膜形态的二尖瓣狭窄患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的近远期疗效.方法 根据Wilkins超声二尖瓣形态学积分,将385例二尖瓣狭窄患者分为＞8分组(125例)和≤8分组(260例).均采用改良Inoue法对患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术.术后进行随访,并比较两组患者的临床疗效.结果 经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功370例,＞8分组经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的成功率低于≤8分组(92.8％比97.7％,P＜0.05).术后6个月,两组患者各项超声心动图检查指标均较术前显著改善(均P＜0.05);与≤8分组(254例)比较,＞8分组(116例)经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后左心房平均压、肺动脉收缩压、跨瓣压差及二尖瓣瓣口面积的改变值均较小[分别为(14.22±5.02)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)比(15.44±5.19) mm Hg、(26.13±9.27) mm Hg比(31.93±9.98)mm Hg、(9.21±4.11)mm Hg比(10.16 ±4.21)mm Hg和(1.02±0.15)cm2比(1.20±0.22)cm2,均P＜0.05].经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功且完成远期随访[(78±20)个月]的患者共353例,两组患者各项超声心动图检查指标均较术前显著改善(均P＜0.05);与≤8分组(245例)比较,＞8分组(108例)左心房平均压、肺动脉收缩压、跨瓣压差及二尖瓣瓣口面积的改变值均较小[分别为(13.28±5.06) mm Hg比(14.77±5.17)mm Hg、(21.19±9.17) mm Hg比(28.92±9.91) mm Hg、(7.30±4.40)mm Hg比(9.16±4.28)mm Hg和(0.92±0.17)cm2比(1.07±0.20)cm2,均P＜0.05],且再狭窄发生率较高(20.4％比8.2％,P＜0.05).结论 二尖瓣瓣膜形态是决定经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术疗效的关键因素之一.对于超声二尖瓣形态学积分低的患者,经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功率较高,术后近期及远期随访疗效较好,再狭窄发生率较低,治疗方案可优先选择经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术.     

再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术39例远期疗效观察

目的 观察经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,行再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的远期疗效.方法 39例经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,全部采用改良Inoue法,再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术,并进行远期疗效随访.结果 39例患者再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术,成功36例(成功率为92.3%).再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功后,患者临床症状及部分血流动力学指标(左心房平均压、二尖瓣瓣口面积、跨瓣压差及肺动脉收缩压)明显改善[分别为(24.50±6.54)mm Hg比(9.66±4.21)mill Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),(1.05±0.19)cm2比(2.23±0.22)cm2,(17.03±4.52)mm Hg比(7.79±4.07)mm Hg,(58.12±12.68)mm Hg比(31.45±10.02)mm Hg,P均＜0.05];而左心房内径无明显改变[(4.71±0.75)cm比(4.07±0.69)cm,P＞0.05]. 36例患者再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后随访12～146(69±23)个月,远期随访可见二尖瓣瓣121面积仍明显大于术前[(2.02±0.21)cm2比(1.05±0.19)cm2,P＜0.05],跨瓣压差明显小于术前[(9.15±4.11)mm Hg比(17.03±4.52)mm Hg,P＜0.05],且均与近期随访结果相近似[分别为(2.02±0.21)cm2比(2.23±0.22)cm2,(9.15±4.11)mm Hg比(7.79±4.07)mm Hg,P均＞0.05];而左心房内径仍无明显改变[(4.13±0.71)cm比(4.07±0.69)cm,P＞0.05].远期随访期间,大多数患者心功能及生活质量均明显改善.结论 对于经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,只要病例选择恰当,手术操作正确,再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的近期及远期疗效均佳.     

二尖瓣前叶脱垂手术修复的疗效分析

目的 探讨治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的外科修复方法及治疗效果.方法 1998年11月至2007年10月对210例二尖瓣前叶脱垂患者行二尖瓣修复术,并在术前、术中、术后利用超声心动图对心脏结构及功能进行评价.结果 采用缘对缘技术修复二尖瓣前叶脱垂134例(63.8%).出院时心脏功能(纽约心脏病协会分级)Ⅰ级168例,Ⅱ级40例.随访1～150(25.7±29.0)个月,围术期死亡2例(0.95%).超声心动图检查显示,术前左心房舒张末径为(47.5±12.7)mm,术后1年减小为(37.7±9.2)mm(P＜0.05);术前左心室舒张末径为(67.7±10.3)mm,术后1年减小为(51.7±7.9)mm(P＜0.05);术前左心室射血分数为(52.2±6.4)%,术后1年提高为(62.2±3.2)%(P＜0.05);术前二尖瓣反流面积为(10.4±4.1)cm~2,术后1年减少为(4.1±1.7)cm~2(P＜0.01).结论 二尖瓣修复术治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂可获得良好的手术效果.缘对缘技术修复二尖瓣前叶脱垂安全、有效.     

Different rates of progression of heart valve defects

In order to determine the rate of progression in valvular heart disease, the records of patients with simple valve lesions and two cardiac catheterizations performed prior to surgery were examined retrospectively. In 53 patients (mitral regurgitation n = 16, aortic regurgitation n = 13, mitral stenosis n = 13, aortic stenosis n = 11) complete data were available. The time interval between the two studies averaged 47 +/- 24 months. In patients with mitral regurgitation left ventricular ejection fraction deteriorated significantly faster than in the other groups; the rate of left ventricular volume gain and rise in pulmonary pressure also tended to be higher in this group. The transvalvular gradient in aortic stenosis showed a highly significant increase during the observation period (56 +/- 26 mm Hg vs 78 +/- 29 mm Hg; p less than 0.01), however, left ventricular ejection fraction remained within normal limits. These data indicate that patients with mitral regurgitation should be followed closely prior to valve replacement.     

缬沙坦对心力衰竭家兔钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ的影响

目的 探讨家兔慢性心力衰竭(心衰)时心肌钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)蛋白表达及活性的改变及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂缬沙坦长期干预的意义.方法 27只家兔随机分为3组,假手术组、心衰组和缬沙坦组各9只,通过超容量负荷联合压力负荷建立家兔心衰模型,于术后7周观察左心室结构、血液动力学的变化及CaMK Ⅱ的表达和活性的改变.结果 与假手术组比较,心衰组左室重量指数(LVMI)、左窒舒张末压显著升高(P＜0.05),左室短轴缩短率及左室射血分数明显降低(P＜0.05);与心衰组比较,缬沙坦组左室重量指数、左室舒张未压显著降低(P＜0.05),左室短轴缩短率及左室射血分数明显升高(P＜0.05);心衰组CaMK Ⅱ蛋白表达及活性显著高于假手术组(P＜0.05);缬沙坦组CaMKⅡ蛋白表达及活性显著低于心衰组(P＜0.05).结论 缬沙坦长期干预心衰,能够改善心脏舒缩功能,可能与其降低CaMK Ⅱ蛋白表达及活性有关.     

Comparison of aortic valve gradient during exercise after aortic valve reconstruction

PURPOSE: Aortic valve preservation is a promising alternative to conventional composite replacement of aortic valve and ascending aorta. This approach may have a physiologic benefit compared with valve replacement similar to that seen in mitral valve reconstruction. We investigated aortic valve gradients at rest and during exercise in patients who had undergone valve-preserving aortic replacement and compared them with composite replacement of valve and aorta. METHODS: Four groups were studied: nine patients underwent composite valve replacement (group A: valve diameter, 23 to 27 mm), eight patients underwent remodeling of the aortic root (group B), and another nine patients had reimplantation of the aortic valve (group C). Healthy volunteers were studied as a control group (group D). Using continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography, all patients were examined on a bicycle ergometer for aortic valve gradients (0 to 75 W). RESULTS: There were no differences among the groups with respect to age, body surface, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, fractional shortening, or left ventricular mass. Maximum resting gradients were significantly elevated in group A compared with groups B, C, and D (group A: 21.3 +/- 7.1 mm Hg; group B: 9.0 +/- 4.5 mm Hg; group C: 8.6 +/- 3.7 mm Hg; group D: 4.9 +/- 1.6 mm Hg; p < 0.05). At 75 W, group A exhibited significantly higher gradients than all other groups (group A: 31.3 +/- 7.5 mm Hg; group B: 13.9 +/- 6.6 mm Hg; group C: 12.8 +/- 3.5 mm Hg; group D: 9. 2 +/- 1.9 mm Hg; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference among the other groups. Both valve-preserving groups had only insignificantly higher gradients than the control group. CONCLUSION: Our data strongly support the suggestion that preserving the aortic valve restores nearly normal hemodynamic function of the aortic valve. Long-term observations will have to prove the clinical relevance of restoring physiologic aortic valve hemodynamics.     

骨髓间充质干细胞对大鼠梗死心肌胶原重构的双重调节作用

目的 探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)对梗死心肌胶原重构的调节作用。方法 采用结扎冠状动脉前降支的方法复制大鼠心肌梗死(MI)模型,随机分为假手术组（仅穿线不结扎冠状动脉,n=8）、MI+ PBS组（结扎冠状动脉+心肌注射PBS溶液,n=8）和MI+ MSC组（结扎冠状动脉+心肌注射MSC,n=8）。通过心脏超声检查、血液动力学检查和组织学染色方法分别检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)、短轴缩短率(FS)、左心室收缩末压力(LVSP)、左心室舒张末压力(LVEDP)、左心室压最大升降速率（±dp/dtmax）、心肌梗死面积和梗死扩张指数等指标,评价MSC对大鼠心功能及心室重构的影响。同时采用免疫组化、RT-PCR、Western blot等方法,测量胶原蛋白表达情况。结果 (1)MI大鼠心室重构和心脏功能指标的检测结果：MI+ MSC组大鼠心肌梗死面积显著小于MI+ PBS组[(38.27±2.70)％比(46.20±3.17)％,t=5.386,P＜0.001],FS显著高于MI+ PBS组[(29.98±4.50)％比(23.43 ±3.34)％,t=-3.305,P=0.005],LVSP显著高于MI+ PBS组[(113.63±10.81)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)比（99.25±16.76）mm Hg,P＜0.05],LVEDP显著低于MI+PBS组[(12.10±4.28) mm Hg比(20.08±4.26) mm Hg,P＜0.05],+dp/dtmax显著高于MI+ PBS组[（4616.63±363.34）mum Hg/s比(3912.75±248.79) mm Hg/s,P＜0.05],- dp/dtmax显著高于MI+ PBS组[(4254.63±324.34) mm Hg/s比（3530.88±309.71）mm Hg/s,P＜0.05]。(2)Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达水平的检测结果：MI+ MSC组大鼠梗死区Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达均显著高于MI+ PBS组,而非梗死区Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达均显著低于MI+ PBS组（P均＜0.05）。结论 MSC通过促进MI大鼠梗死区胶原蛋白修复性合成,减少非梗死区胶原蛋白沉积,从而抑制心室重构,改善心脏功能。     

动脉导管未闭封堵术后早期心血管超声改变研究

目的观察动脉导管未闭(PDA)封堵术后1周患者心血管系统超声变化,探讨其临床意义。方法收集2008—2010年中国医科大学附属第一医院行内科PDA经导管封堵术患者40例,根据术前左室舒张期末内径(LVDD)分为A组(LVDD≥55 mm)、B组(LVDD<55 mm);根据术前肺动脉平均压(PAMP)分为Ⅰ组(PAMP<25 mmHg)、Ⅱ组(25 mmHg≤PAMP<50 mmHg)、Ⅲ组(PAMP≥50 mmHg)。对比研究其术前和术后1周经胸超声心动图(TTE)变化。结果 (1)术后升主动脉内径/肺动脉内径比值由1.11±0.22增至1.21±0.25(P=0.0231);术后主动脉瓣流速由(1.77±0.69)m/s减至(1.46±0.54)m/s(P=0.0467),左房内径由(40.13±6.44)mm减至(36.05±6.28)mm(P=0.0027),LVDD由(59.58±10.20)mm减至(54.40±9.19)mm(P=0.0098)。(2)LVDD不同患者术后1周左心房、左心室均明显缩小,差异有统计学意义。LVDD较大组差异更显著。(3)PAMP不同患者术后1周左心房、左心室均明显缩小,Ⅰ组差异有统计学意义,Ⅱ组差异有统计学意义,Ⅲ组差异无统计学意义。结论能耐受PDA封堵术的患者均能在术后早期开始获益,术前LVDD较大组和PAMP<25 mmHg组获益最大。     

经导管主动脉瓣置入术的初步经验

目的 评估经导管主动脉瓣置入术( TAVI)的安全性及有效性,并对初步的操作经验做一总结.方法 2010年10月至2011年5月,使用18 F Corevalve瓣膜系统对3例外科手术高危的重度钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄患者实施TAVI.分析3例患者的手术效果及并发症,总结相关的手术经验.结果 3例患者均完成手术,顺利出院.手术时间(109.0±22.6)min,X线曝光时间(24.0±9.5)min.术后患者的主动脉跨瓣压差从(84±15)mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)降至(6±3)mm Hg,并有轻微至轻度瓣周漏.病例1围手术期未发生并发症;病例2术后出现一过性完全性左束支传导阻滞;病例3出现三度房室传导阻滞(置入永久心脏起搏器)、心包填塞(经心包穿刺引流等保守治疗后好转)及急性肾功能损害.结论 初步经验显示,使用18 F Corevalve瓣膜系统对高危的严重钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄患者行TAVI安全有效,但有一定的手术并发症.严格筛选患者、熟练掌握手术的技巧及相关注意事项可减少并发症的发生.