双(母)趾甲骨皮瓣拼合法再造手指

Objective To report our usage of a combined flap which is constituted of bilateral hallux nails, skins, bones to reconstruct a finger, and to introduce the method and outcome of this way. Methods Combine two halves of halluxes harvested from both feet to reform a fabricated finger and then transplant it to the finger stump to reconstruct the defect part of the finger. Plantar flaps or some other flaps near the donor sites were transposed to cover them. From June 2003 to June 2009, a total of 20 fingers (20 cases) which had defect degrees range from I to Ⅲ underwent reconstruction surgeries in this way. Results All the 20 fingers transplanted survived completely. Follow-ups 1 to 5 years after each surgery: all the fabricated fingers had very realistic configurations. The MP joints of the reconstructed thrumbs got to the normal range of motion, and the other reconstructed fingers' total ROM were 203 degree on average. All the reconstructed fingers had the sensation function above S3,and their two-point discriminations ranged from 6mm to 10mm. Both halluxes of each case were conserved major parts of nails and had nice, symmetric appearances. All the flaps for the donor halluxes survived completely, and none of the cases showed pains, ulcers or abrasions of their feet. All the cases showed normal gaits during follow-ups. Conclusion The combined flap by bilateral hallux nails, skins, bones is an ideal alteration for finger defect reconstruction for the important advantages of realistic configuration as well as minor destructions to donor sites.     

双(母)趾甲骨皮瓣拼合法再造手指

Objective To report our usage of a combined flap which is constituted of bilateral hallux nails, skins, bones to reconstruct a finger, and to introduce the method and outcome of this way. Methods Combine two halves of halluxes harvested from both feet to reform a fabricated finger and then transplant it to the finger stump to reconstruct the defect part of the finger. Plantar flaps or some other flaps near the donor sites were transposed to cover them. From June 2003 to June 2009, a total of 20 fingers (20 cases) which had defect degrees range from I to Ⅲ underwent reconstruction surgeries in this way. Results All the 20 fingers transplanted survived completely. Follow-ups 1 to 5 years after each surgery: all the fabricated fingers had very realistic configurations. The MP joints of the reconstructed thrumbs got to the normal range of motion, and the other reconstructed fingers' total ROM were 203 degree on average. All the reconstructed fingers had the sensation function above S3,and their two-point discriminations ranged from 6mm to 10mm. Both halluxes of each case were conserved major parts of nails and had nice, symmetric appearances. All the flaps for the donor halluxes survived completely, and none of the cases showed pains, ulcers or abrasions of their feet. All the cases showed normal gaits during follow-ups. Conclusion The combined flap by bilateral hallux nails, skins, bones is an ideal alteration for finger defect reconstruction for the important advantages of realistic configuration as well as minor destructions to donor sites.     

游离第二趾中末节趾甲(骨)皮瓣再造指末节缺损

随着手外科的不断发展，如何将受损手指末节修复得更完美，已引起手外科医师的重视。近年来，我们对2～5指末节缺损及末节软组织套脱伤者，采用游离第二趾中、末节趾甲皮瓣或趾甲骨皮瓣再造末节手指12例，全部存活。     

第二足趾与同血管蒂的四个皮瓣组合再造长手指

目的　用第二足趾组合组织再造长手指。方法　以足背动静脉为蒂 ,设计窄条状的足背皮瓣、跖背皮瓣、跖底皮瓣、趾腓侧皮瓣与带第二跖骨的第二足趾组合再造长手指。结果　再造 7例 8指(示指 1指 ,中指 4指 ,环指 3指 )全部成功。再造手指长度与健侧对应手指相同 ,外形比较美观。再造长手指ROM平均为 14 9°(96°～ 180°) ,指腹二点分辨觉为 6～ 12mm。结论　第二足趾与同血管蒂的四个皮瓣组合移植是再造长手指较为理想的方法之一     

游离拇趾甲皮瓣再造拇指8例

自 1996年以来我们采用吻合血管拇趾甲皮瓣移植再造拇指 8例 ,取得满意效果。1　材料与方法1.1　病例资料　本组 8例 ,男 6例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 18～ 2 2岁。机器绞扎伤 4例 ,挤压伤 2例 ,砸伤 2例。拇指Ⅱ度缺损1例 ,Ⅲ度缺损 2例 ,Ⅳ度缺损 1例 ;拇指皮肤撕脱伤 2例 ,其中合并虎口及掌背桡侧皮肤坏死 1例 ;拇指再植术后坏死 2例。亚急诊再造 5例 ,择期再造 3例。带足背皮瓣的拇趾甲皮瓣移植 3例 ,拇趾甲皮瓣移植 5例。1.2手术方法　臂丛阻滞及硬膜外麻醉或高、低硬膜外麻醉。受区处理 :对拇指皮肤脱套伤和拇指离断再植失败的病例 ,常规清创 ;…     

趾侧方皮瓣嵌入足趾跖侧再造手指

手指部分毁损后应用第二足趾移植再造，已被临床广泛应用。由于第二趾趾尖呈壶腹样膨大，造成患者术后对再造指外观不满的主要原因。2005年3月以来，我们采用以顺行趾侧方皮瓣嵌入足趾跖侧修饰再造拇、手指，临床应用18例21指均获得成功，再造指外形满意。     

应用(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植修复手指皮肤环形缺损

目的　报道应用趾腓侧皮瓣修复手指组织环形缺损的临床效果。　方法　采用吻合血管的趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植修复拇指、示指及中指环形组织缺损共 10例。　结果　移植皮瓣全部成活 ,恢复了原手指的长度外形与功能又保留了趾的长度外形与功能。　结论　采用趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植是治疗手指近节组织环形缺损、指末节大部分皮肤缺损的良好方法。     

(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣在示中环指再造中的应用

2001年3月-2004年12月,我院应用带(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣的第二趾移植再造手指37例(59指),术后再造手指外形及功能较满意.     

拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损

目的探讨拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损的临床疗效。方法对7例拇指末节缺损患者分别采用吻合血管拇趾甲皮瓣修复拇指背侧皮肤及指甲缺损、尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣修复拇指末节掌侧皮肤缺损、末节指骨缺损取髂骨移植。拇趾甲皮瓣供区采用游离植皮5例,同侧第2趾胫侧方皮瓣顺行覆盖2例;尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣供区均直接缝合。结果 7例拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣均顺利成活,伤口一期愈合。其中1例拇趾甲皮瓣供区植皮出现部分坏死,经换药后愈合。末节植骨愈合时间为8~11周,平均10周。去除内固定物后行规律功能锻炼。所有患者获随访6~15个月,平均8个月,移植组织成活及拇指指甲生长良好,指腹皮瓣两点辨别觉为8~10 mm(平均9 mm);足部供区皮瓣及植皮无破溃,足部功能未受影响。结论采用拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节能较好地恢复拇指外形及功能,是一种较好的临床治疗方法。     

一期再造正常长度手指的实验与临床应用

目的 探索一期再造全长手指的手术设计和技术。方法 手指中远节选用足趾或Mu甲再造,近节尝试不同形式再造,以复合或联合移植方式一期合成全长指,设计修复全长手指脱套伤和再造缺失全长指的术式各两种,在猴模型进行实验,每种术式实施6例次,临床应用带跖骨和足背皮瓣的Mu甲瓣修复示指全长脱套伤1例;带跖趾背皮瓣和跖骨的第二趾移植再造缺失的全长中指1例;第二趾和坟外侧皮瓣联合移植再造全长示指1例。结果 猴全长指再造近期存活率平均91.7％,无期存活率平均37.5%,猴自残和制动不当是影响存活率的最主要因素。临床再千3 全长指均完全存活,恢复良好外观和部分实用功能。结论 再造全长指方法的可行,有一定的临床应用价值,但需设法提成功率,再造指的外观仍需进一步改善。     

手指再造手术中砪甲瓣供区的修复

目的 探讨手指再造手术中砪甲瓣供区的修复方法。 方法 从1998年12月至2010年12月,共修复砪甲瓣供区511例,分别应用足背皮瓣32例、第1跖背皮瓣24例、第2跖背皮瓣21例、踝前皮瓣14例、跗内侧皮瓣17例、跗外侧皮瓣79例、跖底皮瓣106例、第2趾皮瓣79例、小腿中下段皮瓣15例以及游离皮瓣124例。 结果 皮瓣成活良好,术后经过6个月～11年随访,见皮瓣质地良好,外形满意,砪趾活动及负重行走、跑跳等皆不受影响。 结论 砪甲瓣供区的修复方法较多,各有优缺点,以跖底皮瓣及游离腹股沟皮瓣为优。     

趾腹皮瓣联合跖底皮瓣治疗手指严重屈曲挛缩畸形

目的介绍(足母)趾腹皮瓣联合跖底皮瓣治疗手指严重屈曲挛缩畸形的临床应用。方法临床应用10例15指,患指均为远、近侧指间关节屈曲60°～90°,瘢痕切除手指伸直后遗留掌侧较大面积皮肤软组织缺损,并伴有肌腱指骨外露,创面大小6．0 cm×1．5 cm～8．0 cm×2．5 cm。在(足母)趾腹及其近侧跖底设计皮瓣,形状同手指创面,面积稍大,皮瓣切取时带趾背静脉及跖背或跖底动脉,分别与患指指背静脉及相应侧指固有或指掌侧总动脉吻合,皮瓣中动脉均桥接固有动脉以改善患指血运。结果术后皮瓣全部成活、皮瓣质地及外形好,皮瓣两点辨别觉5～7 mm。患指均可完全伸直,患指主、被动屈伸活动恢复满意。足部供区瘢痕轻微,外形美观,功能良好。结论(足母)趾腹皮瓣联合跖底皮瓣是治疗指掌侧严重瘢痕增生所致手指严重屈曲挛缩畸形的最佳皮瓣之一。     

一期再造全长指的实验研究

目的 通过实验探索一期再造全长指的手术设计和方法。方法 在6只食蟹猴上，在掌指关节处切除示指，应用带足背皮瓣和跖骨的第2足趾复合移植一期再造全长示指。结果 再造12个全长指术后全部成活，后因感染仅4个再造指存活，随访12个月，存活再造指恢复大部分功能及较好的外观。结论 利用带足背皮瓣和跖骨的第2足趾复合移植再造全长示指的方法可行，但需设法提高存活率。     

Finger pulp reconstruction with thenar flap: Aesthetic and functional outcome

Purpose: Fingertip injuries are common in industrial production activities as well as in domestic work. Loss of pulp hampers daily life activities. Functional and aesthetic aspects are important in fingertip reconstruction. The bone is usually exposed along with soft tissue loss. Therefore to reconstruct the pulp flap with adequate bulk is required. Methods: We reported a case series of 12 patients with the injury over the volar aspect of distal phalanx of the index or middle finger. In all cases, laterally based thenar flap was chosen. The flap donor site was closed primarily in most of cases, while 4 patients required skin graft. The flap was detached between 2-3 weeks. Functional assessment was done using static and dynamic 2-point discrimination and range of motion at each joint. The aesthetic outcome was assessed through questionnaire. The results were analyzed using the unpaired t-test (SPSS version 21). Results: Partial necrosis occurred in 2 cases while rest of flaps survived successfully. Static 2-point discrimination ranged from 6e10 mm, mean 8.6 mm; and dynamic 2-point discrimination ranged from 8-10 mm, mean 8.9 mm. The mean satisfaction score was (4.0 ± 0.55). Conclusion: Thenar flap is a good choice for reconstruction of the finger pulp as it provides the bulk with good functional and aesthetic outcome.     

双侧足趾皮瓣组合移植一期修复手部脱套伤并再造手指

目的探讨足趾皮瓣瓦合组合移植一期修复全手套脱伤并拇手指再造的临床疗效。方法采用坶甲皮瓣加第二趾胫侧皮瓣瓦合再造拇指，带足背皮瓣覆盖手背，拇趾腓侧皮瓣与第二趾甲皮瓣瓦合再造手指带足背皮瓣覆盖手背和股前外侧皮瓣覆盖手掌创面3例；采用双侧拇趾腓侧皮瓣加第二趾甲皮瓣瓦合双手指，带双足背皮瓣覆盖手背及股前外侧皮瓣覆盖手掌创面2例。结果术后4例成活顺利，1例组合皮瓣成活，因示指指骨感染而将其切除后伤口愈合。随访半年以上3例，因手掌皮瓣臃肿行整形术，再造拇、手指外形良好，虎口开大4～5cm，恢复了痛、温、触觉，再造拇、手指瓦合皮瓣两点分辨觉在5～10mm，手掌10～15mm，修复拇手指均有2kg以上提力，并有较为满意的外观。另2例时间短，其中1例指外形良好，手掌皮瓣臃肿，轻微抓握作用，虎口开大3cm。另1例示指感染后畸形，虎口开大2．5cm，有轻微夹持作用。结论双足趾皮瓣瓦合移植在全手脱套伤中的拇手指再造改善指外形、保留足趾数是理想的方法。     

第二足趾延长塑形再造二～四指

目的 改善第2足趾再造手指的长度及外观，探讨一种更为理想的手指再造方式。方法 应用携带双翼状跖背侧皮瓣及部分跖骨的第2足趾，联合Mu趾腓侧条形岛状复合组织瓣反转镶嵌再造手指共5例8指。结果 应用此方法再造手指，其长度、粗细接近正常，外形及功能良好。对足的外观及功能无明显影响。结论 克服了传统的第2足趾再造手指令人尴尬的短小外观，是一种较理想的手指再造方法。     

带掌背神经的腕掌背侧逆行岛状皮瓣再造手指的临床应用

目的探讨带掌背神经的腕掌背侧逆行岛状皮瓣再造手指的临床效果。方法设计有2条相邻掌背动脉供血,带掌背神经的腕、掌背侧逆行岛状皮瓣,利用废弃手指的骨肌腱支架或游离髂骨移植,再造有感觉的手指。结果再造手指18例,其中3例是手指脱套伤,获得成功,切取皮瓣最大面积达9cm×8cm。18例术后随访3个月-2年,术后7周左右再造手指的痛觉恢复,感觉在S3以上者为89%,其两点分辨觉为5～10mm。术后再造手指外形满意,感觉恢复接近正常,运动功能恢复可完成日常活动。结论应用带掌背神经的腕掌背侧逆行岛状皮瓣手术简单实用,成活率高,损伤小,术后的手指有感觉,外形较好。