经肛肠梗阻导管联合腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠恶性梗阻

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transanal drainage tube followed by laparoscopic surgery in management of malignant colorectal obstruction. Methods From March 2007 to October 2010, 37 patients with colorectal cancer manifesting acute complete mechanical obstruction were treated by ileus tube drainage. After irrigation and drainage ranging from 4 to 10 days, the radical operations and anastomosis were performed by laparoscopy. Results The drainage tubes were successfully implanted in 34 patients. The decompression time of patients was (5. 8 ±1.6) d, ranging from 4 to 10 d. The abdominal pain and bloating symptoms were faded away after (3. 8 ±1.3) d (1 to 7 d) drainage. And comparing to that of patients when admission, abdominal circumference significantly reduced from ( 92 ± 7 ) cm to (84 ±6)cm(P =0. 013) before surgery. Thirty-one cases were performed radical resection and anastomosis by laparoscopy after decompression. Postoperative recovery was smooth, and there was no serious complication. Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery followed decompression by transanal ileus tube is effective and safe for acute lower colorectal obstruction. Emergency surgery may be converted to limit surgery by this method. After appropriate bowel preparation, laparoscopic radical surgery and anastomosis is feasible.     

经肛肠梗阻导管联合腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠恶性梗阻

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transanal drainage tube followed by laparoscopic surgery in management of malignant colorectal obstruction. Methods From March 2007 to October 2010, 37 patients with colorectal cancer manifesting acute complete mechanical obstruction were treated by ileus tube drainage. After irrigation and drainage ranging from 4 to 10 days, the radical operations and anastomosis were performed by laparoscopy. Results The drainage tubes were successfully implanted in 34 patients. The decompression time of patients was (5. 8 ±1.6) d, ranging from 4 to 10 d. The abdominal pain and bloating symptoms were faded away after (3. 8 ±1.3) d (1 to 7 d) drainage. And comparing to that of patients when admission, abdominal circumference significantly reduced from ( 92 ± 7 ) cm to (84 ±6)cm(P =0. 013) before surgery. Thirty-one cases were performed radical resection and anastomosis by laparoscopy after decompression. Postoperative recovery was smooth, and there was no serious complication. Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery followed decompression by transanal ileus tube is effective and safe for acute lower colorectal obstruction. Emergency surgery may be converted to limit surgery by this method. After appropriate bowel preparation, laparoscopic radical surgery and anastomosis is feasible.     

经肛肠梗阻导管联合腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠恶性梗阻

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transanal drainage tube followed by laparoscopic surgery in management of malignant colorectal obstruction. Methods From March 2007 to October 2010, 37 patients with colorectal cancer manifesting acute complete mechanical obstruction were treated by ileus tube drainage. After irrigation and drainage ranging from 4 to 10 days, the radical operations and anastomosis were performed by laparoscopy. Results The drainage tubes were successfully implanted in 34 patients. The decompression time of patients was (5. 8 ±1.6) d, ranging from 4 to 10 d. The abdominal pain and bloating symptoms were faded away after (3. 8 ±1.3) d (1 to 7 d) drainage. And comparing to that of patients when admission, abdominal circumference significantly reduced from ( 92 ± 7 ) cm to (84 ±6)cm(P =0. 013) before surgery. Thirty-one cases were performed radical resection and anastomosis by laparoscopy after decompression. Postoperative recovery was smooth, and there was no serious complication. Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery followed decompression by transanal ileus tube is effective and safe for acute lower colorectal obstruction. Emergency surgery may be converted to limit surgery by this method. After appropriate bowel preparation, laparoscopic radical surgery and anastomosis is feasible.     

经皮胆总管探查内置管内引流术治疗胆道多发结石

目的 探讨经皮胆总管探查、内置管内引流手术治疗胆道多发结石的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2002年3月至2010年9月解放军第四五一医院收治的962例胆总管结石患者的临床资料.全组患者均行LC,采用自制器械行胆总管探查,将内置管放置在胆总管和十二指肠内以内引流胆汁,通过十二指肠注水的膨抽试验确认内置管放入十二指肠,术后30 d经十二指肠镜拔出内置管.结果 全组患者中成功完成经皮胆总管探查、内置管内引流手术864例,中转开腹42例,中转腹腔镜胆总管T管外引流56例.864例患者手术时间为20～72 min,平均手术时间为(36±18)min;术后住院时间为(6.6±2.1)d;术后出现腹膜后腔脓肿经局部引流治疗痊愈2例,出现胆汁漏经保守治疗痊愈32例;术后30 d 862例患者通过B超检查随访,其中603例发现胆总管内置管影像,经十二指肠镜拔出内置管,1例内置管回缩胆总管经EST取出,258例内置管自然脱落.864例患者术后随访1～3年无胆管狭窄,26例胆总管复发结石经EST取出.结论 经皮胆总管探查、内置管内引流手术是治疗胆道多发结石的一种安全而简便的微创方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic percutaneous common bile duct exploration (LPCBDE) with internal draining tube placement for the treatment of cholelithiasis. Methods The clinical data of 962 patients with choledocholithiasis who were admitted to the No. 451 Hospital of PLA were retrospectively analyzed. A self-made internal draining tube was placed in the common bile duct and duodenum to drain bile internally. The correct position of the internal draining tube was comfirmed by injecting water into and draining water from duodenum. The internal draining tube was pulled out with the help of duodenoscope at 30 days after the operation. Results LPCBDE with internal draining tube placement was successfully performed on 864 patients. Forty-two patients were transferred to open surgery, and 56 patients were transferred to receive LPCBDE with T-tube drainage. The mean operation time was (36 ± 18) minutes (range, 20-72 minutes), and the length of postoperative hospital stay was (6.6 ±2.1)days. Two patients were complicated with retroperitoneal abscess and they were cured by puncture and drainage, 32 patients were complicated with bile leakage and they were cured by conservative treatment. A total of 862 patients were followed up by B ultrasound at 30 days after the operation. The internal draining tube which was confirmed in the common bile duct was extracted with duodenoscope in 603 patients; the internal draining tube which was drawn back in 1 patient was removed with endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST); the internal draining tube was removed naturally in 258 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 3 years, 26 patients had recurrent cholelithiasis and they were treated by EST. Conclusions LPCBDE with internal draining tube placement is a safe and minimally invasive method for the treatment of cholelithiasis.     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术726例的疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2010年4月第三军医大学西南医院收治的726例行腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者的临床资料.分析本组患者手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、住院时间、并发症发生率等各项指标.计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用x2检验,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法.结果 726例患者中707例成功实施腹腔镜胃癌根治术,19例中转开腹.平均手术时间为(179±52)min,术中平均出血量为(87±51)ml,平均淋巴结清扫数目为(33±14)枚,手术切除标本近、远切缘距肿瘤边缘距离分别为(6.3±1.9)cm和(5.6±1.7)cm.术后平均肛门排气时间为(2.9±1.4)d,术后平均进流质饮食时间为(3.1±1.7)d,术后平均住院时间为(7.9±3.5)d,术中并发症发生率为2.2%(16/726);术后并发症发生率为4.0%(29/726).随访时间6～82个月,平均48.3个月,患者5年总体生存率为58.4%.结论 腹腔镜胃癌根治术具有创伤小,并发症少,术后恢复快等优点,临床疗效较满意.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the efficacy of laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer. Methods The clinical data of 726 patients who received laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at the Southwest Hospital from January 2004 to April 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The operation time, operative blood loss, number of lymph nodes dissected, length of hospital stay and mobidity were evaluated using t test or chi-square test. The survival of the patients were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method.Results Laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy was successfully carried out on 707 patients, and 19 patients were converted to open surgery. The mean operation time, operative blood loss, number of lymph nodes dissected were (179 ±52)minutes, (87 ±51) ml and 33 ± 14, respectively. The average distances of proximal and distal resection margin to the tumors were (6.3 ± 1.9)cm and (5.6 ± 1.7)cm, respectively. The average time to flatus, time to fluid diet and length of hospital stay were (2.9 ± 1.4) days, (3.1 ± 1.7) days and (7.9 ± 3.5) days,respectively. The peri- and postoperative mobidities were 2.2% (16/726) and 4.0% (29/726), respectively. A total of 685 patients were followed up for 6-82 months (mean, 48.3 months), and the 5-year survival rate was 58.4%. Conclusions Laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy is a feasible procedure with minimal trauma, low morbidity and quick recovery of patients.     

683例胆管损伤的外科治疗

目的 总结胆管损伤的外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析1990年8月至2008年12月湖南省人民医院手术治疗的683例胆管损伤患者的临床资料.全组患者中,行肝叶切除+T管引流7例、肝修补+T管引流2例、窑洞式胆道外引流+肝叶切除4例、肝叶切除或修补+硅胶管支撑27例、肝门临时阻断+明胶海绵压迫止血233例、胆管修补+T管引流72例、肝胆管盆式Roux-en-Y吻合248例、胆管外引流22例、长臂T管引流61例、胰头十二指肠切除2例、肝叶切除+T管引流5例.通过随访复查评定患者手术效果.结果 根据术后患者的自觉症状、生活和劳动状况以及影像学检查结果将手术效果分为优、良、差3个等级.612例患者术后随访8个月至19年,手术效果优者337例(55.1%),良者214例(35.0%),差者61例(10.0%).结论 只要手术方式选择恰当,胆管损伤采用手术治疗可以取得令人满意的效果.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experience in surgical management of bile duct injury. Methods The clinical data of 683 patients with bile duct injury who were admitted to the Hunan People's Hospital from August 1990 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Of all the patients, seven received hepatectomy +T tube drainage, two received liver repair + T tube drainage, four received external biliary drainage + hepatectomy,27 received liver repair or hepatectomy + silicone support, 233 received temporary portal triad clamping + gelatin sponge hemostasis, 72 received biliary repair + T tube drainage, 248 received hepatobiliary basin Roux-en-Y anastomosis, 22 received external biliary drainage, 61 received long arm T tube drainage, two received pancreaticoduodenectomy and five received hepatectomy + T tube drainage. The surgical outcomes were evaluated by analyzing the results of the follow-up. Results The surgical outcomes were ranked excellent, good and poor according to the condition of patients and the results of imaging examination. Six hundred and twelve patients were followed up for 8 months to 19 years, and the surgical outcomes were excellent in 337 patients (55.1%), good in 214 patients (35.0%) and poor in 61 patients ( 10.0% ). Conclusion The surgical outcome of bile duct injury could be satisfactory if the approach of the surgery is properly selected.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术疗效分析

Objective To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer. Methods From September 2000 to December 2004, 99 patients with colorectal cancer underwent laparoscopic radical resection (laparoscopic group) and 198 patients with colorectal cancer underwent open radical resection (open group) at the Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University. The differences in local recurrence and survival between the two groups were compared. The local recurrence of tumors and survival of patients in the two groups were calculated by the life-table method, and were compared by the Wilcoxon (Gehan) test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The recurrence interval and survival time of the two groups were compared by non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results The 2-and 3-year local recurrence rates in the laparoscopic group were both 3.0% and the overall local recurrence rate was 3.0% (3/99). The 2-and 3-year local recurrence rates in the open group were 2.6% and 4.0% , respectively, and the overall local recurrence rate was 3.5% (7/198), with no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =0.002, P > 0. 05). The median survival time of patients with local recurrence was 15 months (range, 7-24 months) in the laparoscopic group and 11 months (range, 2-28 months) in the open group, with no significant difference between the groups (U = 15. 500, P >0. 05). The 1-year survival rate was 33.3% in the laparoscopic group and 42.9% in the open group. The 2-year survival rate was zero in the laparoscopic group and 42. 9% in the open group. There were no significant differences between the groups for the 1-and 2-year survival rates (χ2 =0.120, P>0.05). Conclusions The efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer is similar to that of open surgery. Laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer is safe and feasible, and does not increase the recurrence rate of cancer.     

腹腔镜探查判断胆囊癌可切除性的临床意义

目的 初步评价腹腔镜探查在胆囊癌外科治疗中的应用价值.方法 自2007年1月至2010年3月在上海交大医学院附属新华医院普外科及第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院腹腔镜科收治胆囊癌患者中,选择有手术切除可能的60例患者作为腹腔镜探查组,将同期符合相同条件行剖腹探查的192例胆囊癌患者作为对照组,比较两组手术切除率、腹腔广泛转移患者的手术时间及住院时间.计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用x2检验.结果 腹腔镜探查组60例中27例患者的肝脏和(或)腹膜有肿瘤广泛转移,中止手术;33例转行剖腹探查,发现1例肝脏多处肿瘤转移、12例侵犯门静脉主干和(或)胰头、十二指肠,无手术切除可能,中止手术;其余20例中7例行胆囊癌姑息性切除,13例行胆囊癌根治性切除术.直接行剖腹探查组192例术中发现肝脏和(或)腹膜肿瘤广泛转移的82例及侵犯门脉主干和(或)胰头31例均中止手术,姑息性切除32例,根治性切除47例.两组手术切除率、腹腔广泛转移患者的手术时间及住院时间差异有统计学意义(x2=4.328,t=8.6501,t=5.8260;P＜0.05、P＜0.01、P＜0.01).结论 腹腔镜探查有助于手术决策的制定,减少不必要的非治疗性剖腹探查,能显著提高手术切除率,可以作为胆囊癌外科治疗中的常规操作.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the role of laparoscopic staging for the resectability of gallbladder cancer. Methods From Jan 2007 to Mar 2010,60 gallbladder cancer patients without of metastatic disease or main hepatic portal vessel invasion as assessed by preoperative imaging underwent staging laparoscopy for tumor resectability evaluation. Peritoneal and liver surface metastases were looked for and assessment of local spread was done if possible. Assessment was based on visual impression and biopsies were obtained routinely. T test and x2 test were used. Results At laparoscopy, 27 (45%) patients were found with disseminated disease on peritoneal cavity or the surface of liver, hence, senseless open surgery was avoided. The other 33 patients were converted to open laparotomy, among those 1 patient was found with disseminated metastasis in the liver and 12 patients with the invasion of main hepatic portal vessel,pancreatic head, duodenum did not undergo any further surgery. Finally 7 patients received surgical bypass procedure and 13 patients underwent radical resection. During the same period, 192 clinically diagnosed gallbladder cancer patients undergoing open laparotomy without laparoscopic pre-assessment served as control. Among those in control group 79 patients received radical or palliative resection. The resectability rate was significantly different between the two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Staging laparoscopy in patients with gallbladder cancer is helpful in detecting liver and peritoneal metastases overlooked by preoperative imaging, avoiding unnecessary open explorations.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术疗效分析

Objective To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer. Methods From September 2000 to December 2004, 99 patients with colorectal cancer underwent laparoscopic radical resection (laparoscopic group) and 198 patients with colorectal cancer underwent open radical resection (open group) at the Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University. The differences in local recurrence and survival between the two groups were compared. The local recurrence of tumors and survival of patients in the two groups were calculated by the life-table method, and were compared by the Wilcoxon (Gehan) test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The recurrence interval and survival time of the two groups were compared by non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results The 2-and 3-year local recurrence rates in the laparoscopic group were both 3.0% and the overall local recurrence rate was 3.0% (3/99). The 2-and 3-year local recurrence rates in the open group were 2.6% and 4.0% , respectively, and the overall local recurrence rate was 3.5% (7/198), with no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =0.002, P > 0. 05). The median survival time of patients with local recurrence was 15 months (range, 7-24 months) in the laparoscopic group and 11 months (range, 2-28 months) in the open group, with no significant difference between the groups (U = 15. 500, P >0. 05). The 1-year survival rate was 33.3% in the laparoscopic group and 42.9% in the open group. The 2-year survival rate was zero in the laparoscopic group and 42. 9% in the open group. There were no significant differences between the groups for the 1-and 2-year survival rates (χ2 =0.120, P>0.05). Conclusions The efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer is similar to that of open surgery. Laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer is safe and feasible, and does not increase the recurrence rate of cancer.     

Single-stage anterior debridement and reconstruction with tantalum mesh cage for complicated infectious spondylitis

AIM To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of patients with complicated infectious spondylitis treated with single-stage anterior debridement and reconstruction using tantalum mesh cage(TaMC) followed by immediate instrumentation.METHODS Single-stage radical debridement and subsequent reconstruction with TaMC instead of autograft or allograft were performed to treat 20 patients with spinal deformity or instability due to complicated infectious spondylitis. Clinical outcomes were assessed by careful physical examination and regular serological tests to determine the infection control. In addition, the visual analog score(VAS), neurologic status, length of vertebral body reconstruction, and the correction of sagittal Cobb angle on radiography were recorded and compared before and after surgery. The conditions of the patients were evaluated based on the modified Brodsky's criteria.RESULTS The average VAS score significantly decreased after the surgery(from 7.4 ± 0.8 to 3.3 ± 0.8, P 0.001). The average Cobb angle correction was 14.9 degrees. The neurologic status was significantly improved after the surgery(P = 0.003). One patient experienced refractory infection and underwent additional debridement. Eighteen patients achieved good outcome based on the modified Brodsky's criteria and significant improvement after the surgery(P 0.001). No implant breakage orTaMC dislodgement was found during at least 24 mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION Single-stage anterior debridement and reconstruction with TaMC followed by immediate instrumentation could be an alternative method to manage the patients with spinal deformity or instability due to complicated infectious spondylitis.     

生长抑素联合经肛肠梗阻导管在远端结肠恶性肠梗阻老年病人中的应用

目的评价生长抑素联合经肛肠梗阻减压导管在远端结肠恶性肠梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾分析2010年9月至2016年11月经手术治疗的57例急性完全性远端结肠恶性梗阻老年病人(年龄均≥70岁),2013年以来济宁市第一人民医院采用经肛肠梗阻导管治疗部分肠梗阻病人,31例经生长抑素持续静脉泵入及经肛置入肠梗阻导管综合治疗4~10 d,平均(5.6±1.2)d,后行腹腔镜或剖腹探查;26例经生长抑素持续静脉泵入治疗后行手术治疗。结果 31例经生长抑素及经肛置入肠梗阻导管综合治疗的病人术前腹痛及腹胀症状均得以缓解;与入院时腹围(100%)相比,术前腹围明显缩小,为(81±2.3)%(P=0.001);综合治疗后3 d行腹部CT检查,测量近端结肠最大横径为(2.8±0.3)cm,明显小于治疗前的(6.2±0.5)cm(P=0.001);31例病人均行手术治疗,其中18例病人行腹腔镜探查手术,11例完成根治手术并行一期吻合(腹腔镜下完成7例),20例行肿瘤切除并近端结肠造口术,术后病人均无严重并发症。26例经生长抑素持续静脉泵入治疗病人中,仅5例行一期吻合,无一例在腹腔镜下完成,术后1例出现肠瘘并发症。结论生长抑素联合经肛肠梗阻导管治疗对急性远端大肠恶性肠梗阻的老年病人安全有效,有较高的腹腔镜手术完成率及一期吻合成功率,降低了围手术期风险,避免了二次手术,减轻了病人的经济负担。     

经肛肠梗阻导管在左半结直肠肿瘤切除中的应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜联合经肛肠梗阻导管在左半结直肠肿瘤急性梗阻中的治疗价值。方法：将126例左半结直肠肿瘤急性梗阻病例随机分为2组,治疗组应用经肛肠梗阻导管行梗阻近段结肠减压、灌洗等治疗后,行腹腔镜手术并一期切除吻合;对照组按常规准备后手术治疗。结果：术后吻合口瘘发生率治疗组（1.6%）低于对照组（11.1%）,治疗组住院时间、总住院费用和术后第7 d血清白蛋白水平与对照组比较有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。结论：腹腔镜联合肠梗阻导管置入冲洗减压,在左半结直肠肿瘤急性梗阻中的应用安全、有效。     

经肛肠梗阻导管在急性结直肠癌性梗阻治疗中的应用研究

目的初步评价经肛型肠梗阻减压导管在急性结直肠癌性梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法 19例急性完全性机械性结直肠癌性梗阻患者在结肠镜和X线辅助下,行经肛肠梗阻导管置入术,冲洗引流7～10 d后行一期根治手术。结果 19例患者置管减压引流全部成功。全部病例腹痛缓解,腹胀、呕吐症状消失;置管后第3 d,腹围由（89.8±2.7）cm减小到（73.1±5.1）cm,腹腔内压力由（24.0±3.7）cmH2O减至（11.6±2.2）cmH2O;胃管引流量从（750.0±110.3）ml下降至（10.5±8.7）ml;减压导管引流量从（1 634.7±114.2）ml下降至（8.4±1.7）ml;梗阻近端肠管最大横径从（5.6±1.1）cm缩小至（1.7±0.4）cm（P=0.001或P〈0.01）。所有病例均接受一期手术治疗,无吻合口漏、感染等并发症发生。结论经肛肠梗阻减压导管在治疗急性结直肠癌性梗阻中,具有有效、安全、经济、创伤小的特征,值得推广。     

Endoscopic decompression using a transanal drainage tube for acute obstruction of the rectum and left colon as a bridge to curative surgery

Objective  The aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of the management of acute left colon and rectum obstruction because of colorectal carcinoma using a transanal ileus drainage tube before curative surgery.
Method  Forty-six patients (24 males and 22 females, aged 24–94 years, mean = 56.2) treated between September 2005 and March 2007 for acute left colon and rectal obstruction were identified in a colorectal obstruction database, and their clinical and radiological features were reviewed. After a cleaning enema was administered, urgent colonoscopy was performed. Subsequently, endoscopic decompression using a ileus tube was attempted.
Results  Endoscopic decompression using the ileus tube was technically successful in 45 of 46 patients (97.8%). Perforation occurred in one patient 3 days later and emergent operation was performed. The site of obstruction was the rectum in 15 patients, the sigmoid colon in 18, the descending colon in 13. Following adequate cleansing of the colon, patients' abdominal girth were decreased from 91 ± 4 cm before drainage to 82 ± 2 cm 7 days later, and one-stage surgery after 8 ± 1 days (SD; range 7–10 days) were performed. No anastomotic leakage or postoperative stenosis occurred after operation.
Conclusion  Management of acute left colon and rectum obstruction because of colorectal carcinoma using the ileus tube was found to be effective and safe, considered as a bridged method before curative surgery.     

梗阻性结直肠癌导管减压后3D腹腔镜与开腹手术的疗效比较

目的:比较梗阻性结直肠癌导管减压后行3D腹腔镜与开腹根治术的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年5月—2013年6月96例行手术治疗的梗阻性结直肠癌患者资料,所有患者术前均行肠梗阻导管置入减压,然后50例行3D腹腔镜下行结直肠癌根治术3D(腹腔镜手术组),46例行传统开腹结直肠癌根治手术(开腹手术组),比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:两组患者术前资料具有可比性;腹腔镜手术组平均手术时间长于开腹手术组(5.9 h vs.5.2 h,P0.05),平均总住院费用高于开腹手术组(3.3万元vs.2.7万元,P0.05),但平均术后排气时间(2.4 d vs.3.0 d,P0.05)、留置尿管时间(2.7 d vs.3.9 d,P0.05)、住院时间(15.2 d vs.23.8 d,P0.05)均明显短于开腹手术组;两组患者术后吻合口瘘、切口感染、腹腔脓肿和肠梗阻发生率差异均无统计学差异(均P0.05);两组患者3年无瘤生存率无统计学差异(80.0%vs.82.6%,P=0.744)。结论:3D腹腔镜手术治疗导管减压后梗阻性结直肠癌术后恢复快,且围手术期并发症与预后方面与开腹手术相似,可作为梗阻性结直肠癌治疗的手术方式。     

经肛型肠梗阻导管在结直肠恶性梗阻中的应用

目的：探讨经肛型肠梗阻减压导管在结直肠恶性梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法：应用经肛型肠梗阻导管对30例结肠癌伴肠梗阻患者行导管置入术,冲洗引流4～10 d后手术。结果：28例成功置入导管,成功率93.3%;2例因导丝无法通过狭窄部位,而转行急诊手术。成功的28例患者导管减压引流时间为4～10 d,平均（5.8±1.6）d。置入导管后（3.8±1.3）d患者腹痛、腹胀症状明显减轻。与入院时腹围（92.1±7.4）cm相比,手术时腹围缩小至（83.9±5.8）cm（P=0.013）。减压后96.4%（27/28）的患者行一期切除吻合,术后无吻合口瘘发生。结论：经肛型肠梗阻减压导管治疗结直肠恶性梗阻是安全、有效的,可作为治疗结直肠恶性梗阻的首选措施。     

肠梗阻导管减压联合肠内营养在结直肠癌性梗阻治疗中的应用研究

目的评价经肛肠梗阻导管减压联合肠内营养在急性结直肠癌性梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法 47例急性完全性梗阻性结直肠癌患者经肛门置入肠梗阻导管,42例成功置入导管,减压成功后给予肠内营养,肠内营养6～7d后手术。检测入院时、术晨的血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋水平。结果 42例患者术晨的血清前白蛋白,血清白蛋白和转铁蛋白水平,与入院时比较均有明显提高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。全部患者成功行结直肠癌Ⅰ期根治切除吻合术,术后恢复顺利,未发生严重并发症。结论经肛门置入肠梗阻导管减压联合肠内营养可以改善结直肠癌并发肠梗阻患者的术前营养状况,安全可行。     

经肛门拖出吻合器吻合法在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的 探讨经肛门拖出吻合器吻合在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中应用的可行性及临床疗效。方法 2010年6月～2013年1月,采用腹腔镜辅助经肛门拖出吻合器吻合法治疗30例中低位直肠癌。22例≤T2期,8例T3期,均为N0,M0。电子结肠镜检查显示肿瘤下缘距肛缘的距离4.0～10.0cm,（7.6±1.5）cm;肿瘤直径2～6cm,（3.8±1.3）cm。先在腹腔镜下进行直肠全系膜切除,于耻骨联合上做下腹部正中辅助切口,直视下切断近端结肠,经肛门拖出切除直肠标本,应用双荷包、单吻合器技术,以国产管型消化道吻合器（31.5mm或28.5mm）行结一直肠端端吻合。结果 30例手术均顺利完成。手术时间170～280min,（216.3±25.9）min。术中出血量50～700ml,（273.3±160.1）ml。术后肛门排气时间1～4d,（2.5±0.8）d。术后住院时间8～30d,（12.2±4.2）d。肠管远端切缘距肿瘤的距离2.0～6.0cm,（3.9±0.9）cm。远近切缘均未见癌残留。术后发生吻合口漏1例（3.3％）,腹腔积液并感染1例（3.3％）,均经非手术治疗治愈,无腹腔内出血、肠梗阻、吻合口出血等并发症。随访6～24个月,（11.8±3.9）月,术后3个月大便次数1～5次／d;1例吻合口瘢痕收缩狭窄,排便困难,予以扩肛等处理后好转;1例术后16个月局部肿瘤复发,行腹一会阴联合直肠癌根治术（Miles手术）。结论 经肛门拖出吻合器吻合联合腹腔镜手术治疗中低位直肠癌安全可行,值得推广应用。     

经肛减压导管置入处理结直肠癌并急性梗阻的临床观察

目的 探讨内镜辅助下经肛门置入减压导管在低位结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻中的应用及疗效观察。方法 13例急性结直肠癌性梗阻患者在结肠镜辅助下,经肛门置入肠梗阻减压导,灌洗、引流等保守治疗7~10天后行一期根治手术。结果 13例患者均成功置入减压导管;术后患者腹痛、腹胀明显缓解,腹胀呕吐症状消失;置管后第3天,腹围由92.7±5.7 cm减小到81.2±4.8 cm;腹腔内压力由21.00±1.5 cmH₂O减至12.2±0.8 cmH₂O;减压导管引流量从782.3±72.1 mL下降至33.8±15.3 mL;梗阻近端肠管最大横径由5.4±0.6 cm缩小至2±0.3 cm（均P<0.001）。所有患者均接受一期结肠癌根治手术,术后未发生吻合口漏、伤口、腹腔感染等并发症。结论 对于低位结直肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻,经肛门置管减压不仅可显著缓解梗阻症状同时有利于改善患者全身状况并进行充分的术前准备,为一期根治性手术赢得时机;具有有效、安全、经济、创伤小等优势。     

结直肠癌性肠梗阻术前经肛门置肠梗阻导管的临床研究

为探讨结直肠癌性肠梗阻患者术前经肛门置肠梗阻导管的应用价值,对2008年3月至2013年3月我院收治的70岁以下且未合并严重慢性病的60例结直肠癌性肠梗阻患者,于内镜引导下经肛门放置肠梗阻导管,引流肠内容物并行肠道准备,拟行一期结直肠癌切除肠管吻合术。结果显示,60例患者中,58例肠梗阻导管放置成功,另2例因肿瘤处肠腔过度狭窄,且位于肠管弯曲处,导管无法通过而致治疗失败。成功放置肠梗阻导管的58例患者经4～5d治疗肠梗阻完全缓解,再经2～3d肠道准备拟行一期结直肠癌根治肠管吻合术,术中发现2例患者肠道准备欠佳,遂行预防性肠造口,其中1例术后发生吻合口漏,经保守治疗治愈,其他患者一期手术成功,术后未发生并发症。结果表明,结直肠癌性肠梗阻患者术前经肛门置肠梗阻导管可解除肠梗阻,为一期手术治疗创造条件,避免或减少患者二次手术机会,减轻患者痛苦及经济负担,具有较高的应用价值。