双干型静脉皮瓣在撕脱性断指再植中的应用

Objective To report the application and results of venous flap with double vein trunks in replantation of degloved fingers.Methods From March 2007 to June 2009, 6 cases of soft tissue defect in the degloved finger were replanted with venous flap with double vein trunks.The interval between injury and operation was 30 minutes to 8 hours.All fingers were replanted by arterialized free venous flap from the ipsilateral forearm with double vein trunks.The flap was 1.8 cm×1.8 cm to 2.2 cm× 5.8 cm in size.The donor site was directly closed.Results Primary wound healing was observed in all 6 cases postoperatively.All the replanted fingers survived completely.In 5 cases the venous flaps survived uneventfully.In 1 case there was partial superficial necrosis of the flap which healed with conservative management.Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months.The flaps and fingers had good circulation, good texture and color match.According to the criteria for functional assessment of amputated finger issued by the Chinese Hand Surgery Society, the results were graded as excellent in4cases, goodin 1 case, andfairin 1 case.Theoverall excellent rate was 82.5%.Conclusion Replantation of degloved finger with fransfer of venous flap with double vein trunks is capable of repairing pulp soft tissue defect and maximizing the restoration of finger appearance and function.     

双干型静脉皮瓣在撕脱性断指再植中的应用

Objective To report the application and results of venous flap with double vein trunks in replantation of degloved fingers.Methods From March 2007 to June 2009, 6 cases of soft tissue defect in the degloved finger were replanted with venous flap with double vein trunks.The interval between injury and operation was 30 minutes to 8 hours.All fingers were replanted by arterialized free venous flap from the ipsilateral forearm with double vein trunks.The flap was 1.8 cm×1.8 cm to 2.2 cm× 5.8 cm in size.The donor site was directly closed.Results Primary wound healing was observed in all 6 cases postoperatively.All the replanted fingers survived completely.In 5 cases the venous flaps survived uneventfully.In 1 case there was partial superficial necrosis of the flap which healed with conservative management.Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months.The flaps and fingers had good circulation, good texture and color match.According to the criteria for functional assessment of amputated finger issued by the Chinese Hand Surgery Society, the results were graded as excellent in4cases, goodin 1 case, andfairin 1 case.Theoverall excellent rate was 82.5%.Conclusion Replantation of degloved finger with fransfer of venous flap with double vein trunks is capable of repairing pulp soft tissue defect and maximizing the restoration of finger appearance and function.     

手指小组织块离断再植的临床体会

目的 探讨手指小组织块离断后再植的手术方法和治疗效果.方法 对手指不同部位小组织块离断20例26指,采用血管直接吻合、桥接吻合、动脉静脉化、静脉动脉化等多种血运重建方式进行原位再植.结果 再植组织块完全成活25指,部分坏死1指,经过换药后痊愈.术后随访6～12个月,再植指屈伸功能良好,外形满意.结论 对手指不同部位小组织块离断,采用显微外科重建技术原位再植,能获得较好的临床疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the replantation methods and outcomes of mini tissue mass of amputated finger. Methods Twenty-six fingers of 20 patients were replanted with multiple vessel anastomosis methods to restore blood supply.The methods include vascular anastomosis,vascular bridge,arteriovenolization,veno-arteriolization,et al. Results Twenty-five replanted tissues were survived completely.Partly necrosis occur in 1 case,and rehabilitation by change dressings.The patients were follow up from 6 to 12 months.The contour and function of the replantation fingers recovered satisfactory. Conclusion By using the rational anastomosis according to the traumatic condition,it could be obtain good outcome of mini tissue mass replantation     

双干型静脉皮瓣在撕脱性断指再植中的应用

目的 报告双干型静脉皮瓣在撕脱性断指再植中的应用和临床效果.方法 2007年3月至2009年6月,采用前臂双干型静脉皮瓣游离移植修复伴有皮肤软组织缺损的撕脱性断指6例,损伤至入院时间为30 min至8 h,切取皮瓣面积为1.8cm×1.8cm～2.2 cm×5.8cm,供区创面直接缝合.结果 术后6例伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,断指再植全部存活;5例静脉皮瓣无肿胀,顺利存活;1例皮瓣早期肿胀明显,紫红色,并见散在小水泡,经拆除部分缝线、换药等对症处理后顺利存活.术后随访时间为6个月至2年.皮瓣及再植手指血运好,皮瓣质地软,弹性好、耐磨.根据中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准评定;优4例,良1例,可1例;优良率为82.5%.结论 采用前臂掌侧双干型静脉皮瓣游离移植修复伴有皮肤软组织缺损的撕脱性断指,能最大程度地恢复手指的功能和外形.

Abstract：

Objective To report the application and results of venous flap with double vein trunks in replantation of degloved fingers.Methods From March 2007 to June 2009, 6 cases of soft tissue defect in the degloved finger were replanted with venous flap with double vein trunks.The interval between injury and operation was 30 minutes to 8 hours.All fingers were replanted by arterialized free venous flap from the ipsilateral forearm with double vein trunks.The flap was 1.8 cm×1.8 cm to 2.2 cm× 5.8 cm in size.The donor site was directly closed.Results Primary wound healing was observed in all 6 cases postoperatively.All the replanted fingers survived completely.In 5 cases the venous flaps survived uneventfully.In 1 case there was partial superficial necrosis of the flap which healed with conservative management.Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months.The flaps and fingers had good circulation, good texture and color match.According to the criteria for functional assessment of amputated finger issued by the Chinese Hand Surgery Society, the results were graded as excellent in4cases, goodin 1 case, andfairin 1 case.Theoverall excellent rate was 82.5%.Conclusion Replantation of degloved finger with fransfer of venous flap with double vein trunks is capable of repairing pulp soft tissue defect and maximizing the restoration of finger appearance and function.     

游离足底内侧皮瓣修复腕掌尺侧皮肤神经缺损

目的 探讨修复腕掌尺侧皮肤神经同时缺损的新方法.方法 2000年4月至2009年8月,应用游离足底内侧皮瓣修复腕掌尺侧皮肤并神经缺损5例.足拇趾胫侧趾底固有神经修复小指尺掌侧固有神经缺损1例;桡神经浅支修复尺神经及其深浅支缺损2例,修复尺神经浅支、第4指掌侧总神经及小指尺掌侧固有神经缺损1例;尺神经手背支修复尺神经浅支、第4指掌侧总神经及小指尺掌侧固有神经缺损1例.足底内侧血管与尺血管吻合.供区取同侧大腿皮片移植修复.结果 术后皮瓣及移植皮片全部成活.5例获得6个月至4年的随访,皮瓣质地好、外观满意,无手内肌萎缩和爪形手畸形,皮瓣和手指感觉恢复达S3～S3+,皮瓣两点辨距觉为7～10 mm.尺神经深浅支缺损病例术后综合评价均为优.结论 游离足底内侧皮瓣是修复腕掌尺侧皮肤神经缺损的有效方法.

Abstract：

Objective To explore a new method for repair of concurrent skin and nerve defect at palm and carpal on ulnar side. Methods From April 2000 to August 2009, five cases with concurrent skin and nerve defect at palm and carpal on ulnar side were reconstructed with free medial plantar flaps.Palmar nervous proprii defect at ulnar side of little finger was repaired by the first toe tibia nervous proprii in one case. The superficial branch of radial nerve was applied to repair the defect of ulnar nerve, as well as its deep or superficial branch in two cases. The superficial branch of radial nerve was also used to repair the defect of superficial branch of ulnar nerve, common palmar digital nerve of the fourth finger, Little finger ulnar palmar nervous proprii in one case. The dorsal branch of ulnar nerve was applied to repair the defect of superficial branch of ulnar nerve, common palmar digital nerve of the fourth finger, little finger ulnar palmar nervous proprii in one case. The vascular bundle of medial plantar flap was anastomozised with ulnar vascular bundle. The wounds at donor sites were covered with free skin grafts which were obtained from upper leg. Results All the flaps and skin grafts were survived completely. The five patients were followed up for six months to four years with no muscular atrophy or claw hand deformity. The esthetic result was satisfied. The Sensory of flaps and fingers recovered to S3 to S3+. The two-point discrimination distance on flaps was range from 7 mm to 10 mm. The postoperative comprehensive evaluation was excellent in the cases whose superficial and deep branches of ulnar nerve were repaired.Conclusions Free medial plantar flap is an effective method to repair concurrent skin and nerve defect at palm and carpal on the ulnar side.     

手指末节指掌侧浅静脉的显微解剖及临床应用

目的 研究手指末节指掌侧浅静脉分布规律,指导指末节离断再植术.方法 取100例手指标本分别进行乳胶灌注显微解剖法、断层解剖法、明胶-氧化铅灌注显微-解剖加X线摄片法研究指末节掌侧浅静脉的解剖学特点.临床对10例13指的离断末节指,进行吻合掌侧浅静脉的再植术.结果 在甲根水平通常可以找到1～3条指掌侧浅静脉,管径为0.2～0.5 mm.10例13指末节指离断再植均获成功.术后随访3～18个月,外观功能良好.结论 末节指掌侧浅静脉分布具有规律性,末节指再植吻合掌侧静脉有利于提高再植的成功率,并能减少其他静脉回流方法所带来的并发症.     

手指末节指掌侧浅静脉的显微解剖及临床应用

目的 研究手指末节指掌侧浅静脉分布规律,指导指末节离断再植术.方法 取100例手指标本分别进行乳胶灌注显微解剖法、断层解剖法、明胶-氧化铅灌注显微-解剖加X线摄片法研究指末节掌侧浅静脉的解剖学特点.临床对10例13指的离断末节指,进行吻合掌侧浅静脉的再植术.结果 在甲根水平通常可以找到1～3条指掌侧浅静脉,管径为0.2～0.5 mm.10例13指末节指离断再植均获成功.术后随访3～18个月,外观功能良好.结论 末节指掌侧浅静脉分布具有规律性,末节指再植吻合掌侧静脉有利于提高再植的成功率,并能减少其他静脉回流方法所带来的并发症.     

手部掌侧浅静脉的临床应用

吻接指掌侧浅静脉用于断指再植术临床已有报道.我院自1989年起在断指再植及术后静脉危象的处理、指侧方岛状皮瓣、掌侧软组织撕脱伤治疗中应用手部掌侧浅静脉获得良好的效果.现介绍如下:1 应用解剖指掌侧浅静脉在末节起始处口径约0.4mm,与皮肤相贴,从中节开始为2条以上的纵行静脉.有偏离中指倾向,以远离中指侧静脉较粗.在指根部形成2条小静脉汇入指蹼静脉,口径为1.0mm.指掌侧浅静脉通过指侧方静脉汇入指背静脉,指掌浅静脉间在掌侧指间横纹处存在多个交通支.与指     

吻合掌侧浅静脉的末节及指尖断指再植

目的 探讨吻合掌侧浅静脉的末节及指尖断指再植的方法及临床效果。方法 在显微解剖基础上对41例46指指尖离断伤及伴指背静脉缺损的末节断指，应用吻合指掌侧浅静脉的方法重建静脉回流。结果 存活45指，存活率97．8％。随访3～24个月，再植指外形与功能恢复满意，两点辨别觉为3mm～7mm，36例恢复原工作。结论 吻合指掌侧浅静脉法为末节及指尖断指再植提供了重建静脉回流的有效方法，有利于提高再植成功率。     

吻合指掌侧浅静脉在末节断指再植中的应用

目的探讨末节断指再植中寻找和吻合指掌侧浅静脉的新方法。方法 吻合末节指动脉及三针法吻合指掌侧浅静脉。再植顺序：骨骼固定→指痛侧皮肤或指甲→指动脉→指神经→指掌侧浅静脉→闭合伤口。结果 ４３例成活４１指，成活率９５．４％。经过随访再植的末节指体外形饮满，指甲生长良好，功能恢复良好。     

指尖再植300指的临床研究

目的介绍指尖再植的手术要点。方法对300指指尖离断进行再植,分别采用顺行法或逆行法,尽可能的吻合指动脉及掌侧指静脉。结果本组成活290指,成活率为98%。术后随访6～36个月,指体外形良好,感觉已基本正常,两点辨别觉为3～5mm。结论熟悉指尖部动静脉的解剖和高质量的血管吻合技术是保证再植成功的关键。     

挤压旋转撕脱性断指再植手术方法与疗效观察

目的探讨挤压旋转撕脱性断指再植不同手术方法的临床效果。方法1993年5月～2003年1月，对挤压旋转撕脱性手指完全离断实施再植术76例84指，其中应用自体小静脉移植19例27指，采用掌、指固有动脉全段移位13例13指，行邻指指固有动脉远端血管局部转位44例44指。结果自体小静脉移植组成活11例16指；采用掌、指固有动脉全段移位再植成活12例12指，1例部分成活；而进行邻指指固有动脉远端血管局部转位的44例44指全部成活。所有成活病例术后随访6个月-5年，按断指再植功能标准评定，三种手术方法优良率分别为68．7％、83．3％、95．5％。结论挤压旋转撕脱性手指完全离断，应用邻指指固有动脉远端血管局部转住治疗效果良好，是一种实用有效的再植方法。     

指尖冲压性断指再植体会

目的 介绍指尖冲压性离断的治疗效果和经验总结。方法 对85例103指指尖冲压性断指进行再植,吻合指固有动脉终末端或指动脉弓分支或指固有动脉终末端与指动脉弓分支吻合或动静脉转流,尽可能多吻合指掌侧静脉,对各类型平面的指尖离断的断指均进行再植。结果 各型成活率分别为：Ⅰ型83.9％,Ⅱ型72.5％,Ⅲ型57.1％。结论 只要冲压性离断的指体仍较完整,清创时能找到可供吻合的血管,应予以再植。高质量的血管的吻合技术和良好的静脉血回流是保证再值成功的关键。     

The use of arteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage during Tamai zone I fingertip replantation

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes for patients sustaining a distal fingertip amputation who underwent replantation witharteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage over a one year period at our institution. This technique has been utilized when insufficient veins are identified in the amputated part for standard veno-venous anastomosis.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on patients presenting from 2013 to 2014. Guillotine, crush, and avulsion/degloving injuries were included if they underwent fingertip (Tamai Zone I) replantation with arterial anastomosis for vascular inflow and arteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage. The cases were further classified as Ishikawa subzone I and subzone II.ResultsArteriovenous anastomosis for venous drainage during replantation was used in 45 digits in 35 patients. 41 of the 45 digits underwent successful replantation using this technique (91%). The mean active ROM in the DIP joint of the fingers and in the IP joint of thumbs was 65° and 57°, respectively. Sensory evaluation demonstrated a mean of 6.9 mm s2PD in digits where the digital nerves could be repaired. 11 replanted digits without nerve repair regained some sensory recovery with a mean of 9.6 mm s2PD. 91% of patients were highly satisfied with the appearance of the replanted digits based on Tamai criteria.ConclusionsArteriovenous anastomosis for venous outflow should be considered during zone I fingertip replantation if sufficient veins are not identified in the amputated part. This technique may allow for more routine and successful distal replantation.     

Fingertip replantation using a single volar arteriovenous anastomosis and drainage with a transverse tip incision

Four cases of fingertip replantation using a single volar arteriovenous anastomosis and drainage with a transverse tip incision are reported. Because of lack of suitable arteries for anastomosis in the amputated finger, in each case a volar radial vein was anastomosed to the proximal digital artery and external drainage was performed through a transverse tip incision. In 3 cases the replanted fingertip survived completely; partial necrosis occurred in 1 case. Because veins are more superficial and larger than arteries, they are more available for anastomosis. The results indicate that this method is a useful alternative in fingertip replantation.     

吻合一条血管的指端组织块再植体会

目的评估吻合一条血管的指端组织块再植的临床疗效。方法2005年7月-2008年12月住院的38例（38指）指尖组织块离断患者,采用仅吻合一条管径最粗血管进行原位再植。结果38例指尖离断组织块,除1例因发生静脉危象部分坏死,经换药处理后瘢痕愈合,余均成活。术后随访3个月-2年,再植成活复合组织块颜色红润,指腹指纹清晰,感觉恢复S3-S4级,外形满意,无萎缩,接近正常手指。按中华医学会手外科学会拇、手指功能评定试用标准评定．优28指．良10指。结论手指离断复合组织块应积极再植,通过缝合指固有动脉或其分支,缝合静脉或静脉动脉化．增加再植成活率。     

断指血液循环重建与血流通畅性相关因素的临床研究

目的 探讨断指再植血液循环重建和血流通畅性相关因素与再植成活率的关系。方法 采用显微血管移植动物实验、手指掌侧浅静脉显微解剖、断指再植血流平衡动力学研究、解痉与抗凝剂对血液流变学影响、断指高凝等方面进行研究。结果 显微血管移植可获得较高通畅率；手指掌侧浅静脉口径粗；断指再植吻合血管多，吻合的血管口径粗，血液循环危象发生率低；解痉与抗凝剂用于高凝状态病例，可获得较好效果。结论 熟练的显微外科技术是获得断指再植较高成活率的关键，良好的血流再通和合理用药是保证再植手指血流通畅的关键。     

指掌侧静脉在断指再植中的应用

目的研究吻合指掌侧静脉重建断指血运的方法。方法应用指掌侧静脉重建断指血运27例，其中行指掌侧静脉端端吻合20指，与指背静脉交叉吻合4指，指掌侧静脉动脉化3指。结果25指顺利成活，1例于术后24h发生静脉危象，另1例于术后8h发生血管危象，经二次手术探查，再植手指顺利成活。结论对于利用背静脉重建血运的断指，可行指掌侧静脉端端吻合、与指背侧静脉交叉吻合和远断端静脉动脉化等方式重建手指血运，以提高再植成功率。