骶骨骨折的常规X线和三维CT对比研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT三维重组对骶骨骨折的临床应用价值。资料与方法对46例骶骨骨折患者的X线、多层螺旋CT三维成像资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果X线平片确诊27例(58.7%,27/46),漏诊19例(41.3%,19/46),CT三维成像明确诊断44例(95.7%,44/46),漏诊2例(4.3%,2/46)。对确诊的骶骨骨折进行Denis分类,X线平片正确分型20例(74.1%,20/27),CT三维成像正确分型44例(100%,44/44),X线平片与CT三维成像组之间的差异有显著的统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。46例骶骨骨折患者,34例行保守治疗,12例手术治疗,手术所见与CT扫描结果完全一致。结论螺旋CT三维成像对骶骨骨折的诊断、分类及指导治疗具有重要的意义和作用。     

32层螺旋CT三维重组在胸部外伤诊断中的价值

目的探讨32层螺旋CT三维重建在胸部外伤诊断中的临床应用。方法搜集112例胸部外伤的病例,全部病例均行X线摄片及32层螺旋CT扫描,并以1.25mm层厚行多平面容积重组(MPR)及容积再现法(VR)图像后处理,观察分析骨折的位置、数量及邻近组织、脏器的情况。结果在112例病例中,检查发现肋骨骨折98例,胸腰椎压缩骨折2例,胸骨骨折11例,胸椎棘突骨折3例,肩胛骨骨折16例。X线平片共发现肋骨骨折82例,胸骨骨折4例,肩胛骨骨折3例,肺挫伤21例,血气胸2例。结论 32层螺旋CT三维重组及图像后处理技术的联合应用,能对胸部外伤患者作出快速、准确的诊断,对判断胸部外伤骨折及邻近组织、脏器损伤,指导临床医生对患者进行及时、有效的救治,有较高的临床应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT重建后处理对寰枢椎隐匿性骨折的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT对寰枢椎隐匿性骨折诊断价值.方法 对38例X线平片检查后未发现骨折而临床怀疑有骨折的患者行螺旋CT扫描,通过Vitrea工作站对其进行后处理(MPR、MIP、VR及SSD),重建图像由2位有经验的放射科医师共同阅片,以共同意见为准.结果 38例X线平片中未显示骨折的患者经螺旋CT重建后,28例显示有隐匿的细小骨折.结论 多层螺旋CT二维和三维重建对环枢椎隐匿性骨折的诊断具有重要价值.     

螺旋CT在腕舟骨骨折诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨螺旋CT(SCT)在腕舟骨骨折诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 60例早期腕舟骨骨折患者经腕关节常规X线检查后,采用SCT进行腕关节的螺旋扫描,并在工作站上作多平面重建(MPR)及表面遮盖显示(SSD)影像后处理。60例舟骨骨折病例均按Herbert分型,并对X线平片与螺旋CT影像进行比较及综合分析。结果 60例舟骨骨折病例中,A1型4例(6.6%),A2型5例(8.3%),B1型2例(3.3%),B2型29例(48.3%),B3型15例(25%),B4型5例(8.3%),X线平片漏诊12例,此12例X线平片漏诊的骨折均经螺旋CT确诊。结论螺旋CT能够明确腕舟骨骨折的诊断,多能清晰显示X线平片难以诊断的腕舟骨隐匿性骨折;SSD和MPR成像技术能立体直观观察腕舟骨的骨折线走行及移位情况,能对腕舟骨骨折作出准确的分型,从而为临床治疗方案的拟定提供重要参考。     

多层螺旋CT及其后处理技术在关节内骨折中的应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)及其后处理技术在关节内骨折诊断中的应用价值以及在评价关节面损伤细节方面的意义。方法:收集89例关节内骨折病人,均行X线平片及MSCT检查,并将MSCT容积扫描数据传至工作站,进行多平面重建(MPR)二维重建和容积再现(VR)三维重建。比较X线平片、MSCT及后处理图像对关节内骨折诊断的灵敏度以及对关节面损伤的细节评价。结果:MSCT轴位及MPR、VR图像诊断关节内骨折的灵敏度明显高于X线平片(P<0.0001)。在显示关节面断裂方面,MPR与X线平片、轴位CT及VR比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);在显示关节面塌陷方面,MPR及VR明显优于X线平片及轴位CT(P<0.0001);在显示关节内碎骨片方面,MPR及VR重建优于X线平片及轴位CT(P<0.05);在显示关节脱位方面,MPR及VR重建明显优于X线平片及轴位CT(P<0.01)。结论:尽管在骨关节损伤中,X线平片是首选的影像检查方法,但对不能肯定或排除关节内骨折的病人,应行MSCT检查,以提高诊断的正确性,避免误诊和漏诊。MSCT后处理技术可以有效评价关节内骨折及关节面损伤的细节,对关节内骨折的治疗有重要的指导意义。     

16层螺旋CT多模式重组在肋骨骨折诊断中的应用

目的探讨16层螺旋CT多模式重组技术对于肋骨骨折的诊断价值。方法对72例临床诊断为肋骨骨折的胸部外伤患者进行16层螺旋CT容积扫描,并进行回顾性薄层重建,于ADW4.1工作站上进行MPR、MIP及VR等后处理重建,由2位有经验的放射科医师对后处理图像进行观察,并与肋骨平片结果对照分析。结果72例中螺旋CT检查共发现肋骨骨折217处,肋软骨骨折7处,MSCT多模式成像可清晰地显示出骨折的位置、数量及断端移位情况,同时CT扫描还发现其他合并伤。各种后处理图像中,VR在显示骨折的空间关系上有优势,MPR在显示肋骨微小骨折上效果较好,MIP为肋软骨骨折的最佳成像技术,而轴位像是诊断的基础;X线检查共发现肋骨骨折169处,肋软骨骨折0处。结论16层螺旋CT多模式重组对肋骨、肋软骨骨折的诊断,明显优于常规X线平片,但在诊断肋骨骨折时各种重建技术必须结合应用。     

螺旋CT诊断脊柱骨折的价值

目的探讨螺旋CT诊断脊柱骨折的价值.材料和方法回顾性分析98例脊柱骨折的X线平片及螺旋CT表现.结果螺旋CT诊断98例110个椎骨骨折,X线平片诊断94例106个椎骨骨折.螺旋CT横轴位、MPR和3D分别显示椎体骨折105,107,96个和椎弓根骨折19,23,加个以及椎板骨折32,35,31个和骨折片突人椎管61,66,66个;X线平片显示骨折线分别为56处(52.3%)、11处(47.8%)、10处(28.6%)和22处(33.3%).脊柱爆裂型骨折55例中,X线平片诊断为单纯性压缩性骨折12例(21.8%).3D重建显示椎体高度压缩、椎体旋转及椎体脱位比X线平片更直观.结论综合应用螺旋CT横轴位、MPR和3D图像能清楚显示脊柱骨折、椎管狭窄的程度,判断脊髓损伤的情况,对脊柱骨折的诊断、分型和指导临床治疗有重要价值.     

多层螺旋CT和X线平片检查脊柱爆裂型骨折的临床分析

目的探讨X线平片和CT检查在脊柱爆裂型骨折诊断中的应用价值。方法对82例脊柱爆裂型骨折患者分别采用X线平片和多层螺旋CT检查,比较两种影像学方法在脊柱爆裂型骨折诊断中的应用效果。结果多层螺旋CT在对脊柱爆裂型骨折患者的检查时间和检查费用均明显高于X线平片,且差异具有统计学意义。多层螺旋CT对脊柱爆裂型骨折的检出率(95.12%)明显高于X线平片(53.66%),且差异具有统计学意义。结论 X线平片可作为影像诊断的基础,应结合CT影像,根据各自优点从而做出正确诊断。     

16层螺旋CT及其后处理功能在胫骨平台骨折中的应用

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT及其图像后处理功能在胫骨平台骨折中的临床应用价值。方法:36例胫骨平台骨折患者,均接受X线检查、16层螺旋CT扫描和扫描后图像后处理,比较两者的检查结果,并与术中所见对照。结果:依据16层螺旋CT及重建图像的资料,平片漏诊2例,更正骨折分型6例。轴位图像是诊断的基础,重建图像在空间关系的显示上具有优势。结论:16层螺旋CT及其图像后处理功能为胫骨平台骨折的诊断和治疗提供更有价值的信息。     

螺旋CT多模式三维重建诊断胫骨平台骨折的价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT扫描容积数据与三维重建诊断胫骨平台骨折的价值.方法 收集37例胫骨平台骨折患者的X线平片,螺旋CT影像资料,对照术中所见,分析、比较螺旋CT的优势.结果 X线平片2例无法明确诊断,分型错误8例,螺旋CT三维重建组诊断及分型均正确.结论 螺旋CT三维重建能提供诊断胫骨平台骨折更全面精确的信息,对指导治疗方法的选择具有重要意义.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.