脑卒中后抑郁患者临床特点及相关因素

目的：探讨脑卒中后抑郁特点及相关因素。方法：用Zung氏抑郁自评量表（SDS）测定124例经CT和MRI证实脑卒中患者的情绪状态,并与对照组比较。根据卒中病灶部位、病程、肢体肌力与非抑郁组对照比较。结果：①脑卒中后抑郁发生率为45.2%;②脑卒中后抑郁发生率与卒中部位密切相关;③病程在3～6个月时更易发生抑郁;④脑卒中后抑郁症状严重程度与肌体肌力水平呈显著负相关。结论：抑郁症状为脑卒中常见并发症,其发生与卒中部位、病程、肌体肌力显著相关。     

SLE患者使用激素知信行调查及影响因素研究和对策

目的 了解不同文化水平的系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者对使用激素的认知、态度和行为状况,分析相关影响因素.方法 对2012年7月～2013年8月住院的120例不同文化水平的SLE患者,采用自行设计的问卷进行对激素知信行的调查.结果 不同文化水平的SLE患者对激素的认知、态度、行为有明显差异.在认知方面,大专以上文化组、初高中文化组和小学文化组平均得分分别为11.875、10.85、6.325分;态度方面,分别为3.7、3.075、2.425分;行为方面,分别是5.075、5.825、5.2分.结论 SLE患者总体对激素的认知水平中等,态度、行为在中低水平,直接影响患者的治疗和预后.不同文化水平患者的认知、态度和行为有明显差异：文化程度高者,对疾病知识掌握较多,但存在自主改变治疗方案的现象,影响系统治疗的效果;文化程度低者,对疾病知识掌握少,对激素了解不够详细,存在有病乱投医现象,或因担心副作用而自行停换药.今后应该加强对患者健康知识宣教,提高患者对激素的认知,改善用药态度,积极配合医生治疗,提高治疗效果.     

影响整体护理开展的相关因素及对策

在整体护理工作开展过程中,笔者认为有必要对影响整体护理的相关因素及相应对策进行探讨和研究,以便进一步提高整体护理水平。1　观念的更新和转变没有放在首位1.1　影响观念的因素:在我们开始设置整体护理模式病房时,有些护士认为在我院根本行不通,首先硬环境和软环境上都不具备;也有人认为目前开展的责任制已经很不错了,没有必要再搞模式病房,开展模式病房万一不成功,反而影响了现有的护理质量。因此,对整体护理模式病房的建设有抵触情绪。1.2　解决对策:首先教育大家一是准确理解护理的含义。现代护理观不仅有丰富的内涵,而且有广阔的外…     

产后抑郁症的相关因素分析及护理对策

目的探讨引起产后抑郁症的相关因素并提出相应的护理对策。方法针对我院2006年至2008年入住的36例产后抑郁症病人，进行原因分析。结果生理、心理、社会、个人因素及分娩方式等均能引起产后抑郁的发生。结论对产后抑郁的病人，应在充分了解病因的基础上进行积极的心理护理，有针对性地对产妇及其家属进行心理疏导及计划生育宣教工作，减少产后抑郁的发生。     

乙型肝炎患者抑郁情况分析及护理对策

目的 研究乙型肝炎患者的抑郁情况,同时探讨其护理对策.方法 对乙型肝炎抑郁患者进行护理干预,采用抑郁自详量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对护理干预前后抑郁情况进行分析.结果 患有抑郁症的患者男性多于女性,易患年龄段为46-60岁,且患者随着学历越高抑郁发病率越高;对乙型肝炎患者实施护理干预后其焦虑、抑郁症状显著下降,与护理干预前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 护理干预可有效改善乙型肝炎患者的抑郁状况,促进患者康复.     

癫痫患者抑郁特点分析及护理对策

为调查癫痫患者的抑郁状态,对90例癫痫患者（癫痫组）及90例健康对照组（对照组）应用抑郁自评表和汉密尔顿抑郁量表进行评定,探讨通过护理改善癫痫患者的抑郁状态、提高患者生活质量的方法,现报道如下。     

产后抑郁患者的心理分析及护理对策

目的:探讨产后抑郁病人的心理表现及护理.方法:分析了160名产科医院病人有抑郁倾向的患者的临床资料以及心理状态,并针对各症状护理心理及措施.①营养,提供舒适愉快的修养环境;②进行心理护理,加强沟通;③加强对产妇的生活护理;④严密观察病情、耐心、细致护理.     

心肌梗死患者焦虑和抑郁发生的相关因素及护理干预效果分析

目的探讨护理干预对心肌梗死患者焦虑和抑郁等负性情绪的影响。方法采用焦虑量表(SAS)和抑郁量表(SDS)调查126例心肌梗死患者焦虑和抑郁情绪的发生情况及影响因素,并根据调查结果制定相对应的干预措施。结果焦虑和抑郁发生率为61.94%,患者焦虑抑郁情绪与AMI知识匮乏,对死亡的恐惧,对心前区疼痛及再疼痛的恐惧,对预后的恐惧,对医生的不信任有关,护理干预后焦虑和抑郁发生率明显低于干预前,SAS和SDS评分也较干预前明显下降。结论心肌梗死患者焦虑和抑郁发生率较高,心理干预可以明显改善和降低负性心理情绪的发生。     

高原汽车兵焦虑抑郁状况及其相关因素调查研究

目的:探讨高原汽车兵焦虑/抑郁状况及其相关因素,为制定有针对性的心理训练计划及心理干预措施,提高高原汽车兵的心理健康水平提供依据.方法:采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对高原汽车兵进行现场团体测评.结果:1 340名汽车兵中发生焦虑545人,占40.7％,发生抑郁785人,占58.6％;评分SAS 4...     

Abnormal brain diffusivity in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuroimaging techniques have increased our knowledge of the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and have been useful in supporting the diagnosis. Nevertheless, new imaging techniques are needed to unravel the exact pathogenesis and to provide diagnostic criteria for NPSLE. In this preliminary study, we investigated whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can depict cerebral abnormalities in patients with a history of NPSLE, and we assessed whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histograms in these patients differ from those of healthy control subjects. METHODS: Eleven female patients with a history of NPSLE (mean age [+/- SD], 35 years +/- 9) and 10 healthy control subjects (eight female, two male; mean age, 37 years +/- 16) underwent DWI. DWI and ADC images were assessed by means of visual inspection, and histograms were composed from the ADC images. From these, we derived a variety of parameters that quantitatively reflect the diffusivity of brain parenchyma. RESULTS: Visual inspection of ADC images and DWIs did not reveal any abnormalities in either patients with NPSLE or control subjects. In contrast, ADC histograms of the NPSLE group were, on average, significantly lower and broader, with a higher mean ADC value. CONCLUSION: The data suggest an increased general diffusivity in brain parenchyma of patients with NPSLE, probably based on loss of tissue integrity. In addition to increasing our battery of highly wanted diagnostic tools and our understanding of the pathogenesis of NPSLE, the present method seems to be useful in quantifying the disease burden, enabling monitoring in treatment trials and the study of disease progression.     

Radiographic findings in the hands in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Hand radiographs of 59 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined. Thirty-four revealed radiographic abnormalities, most commonly periarticular soft-tissue swelling or demineralization. Alignment abnormalities, acral sclerosis, avascular necrosis, soft-tissue calcification and terminal tuft resorption were also seen. All patients with periarticular calcification or terminal tuft resorption had Raynaud's phenomenon. Clinical indicators of disease activity (including low serum complement levels) did not correlate with the presence or severity of radiographic abnormalities. Patients with abnormal radiographs generally were older at the time of diagnosis than those with normal studies.     

神经精神性狼疮MRI检查的临床应用价值

目的：探讨神经精神性狼疮(NPSLE)MRI表现特点及其与临床的关系。方法：52例NPSLE患者在出现症状后1天～2个月内进行头部MR检查。另选取26例无神经系统症状的SLE患者和27例健康志愿者行MR检查并与NPSLE组比较。结果：NPSLE的MRI主要表现为斑点状和大片状脑炎样病变、出血、脑梗死和脑萎缩，额、顶叶和基底节区好发。表现为点状病灶的临床以精神障碍和头痛为主要表现，片状病灶以癫痫和偏瘫为主要表现。临床病情严重患者的片状病灶的发生率、病灶总面积较轻微组显著增高。片状的，边缘模糊的，T1WI等、略低信号，T2WI高信号的病灶变化迅速。结论：NPSLE的MRI检查有助于明确脑病性质及更准确的评估病情和预后，从而指导治疗和评价疗效。     

红斑狼疮性脑病的MRI诊断

目的：探讨红斑狼疮性脑病的MRI表现及其临床诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析17例系统性红斑狼疮性脑损害患者的MRI图像。全部病例均符合系统性红斑狼疮诊断，临床有神经、精神异常而行颅脑MRI检查。结果：红斑狼疮性脑病的加U检查阳性率为88．2％(15／17)。主要加U表现包括：弥漫性白质或灰质异常信号(13／17)；局灶性异常信号(2／17)；病灶无强化或边缘轻微强化；基底节脑梗塞；病灶边界清晰，周围无水肿带，亦无占位效应，全部病例无脑萎缩表现。结论：MRI检查可显示红斑狼疮性脑病患者脑内病变的位置、数目、大小、范围，对指导治疗及评价疗效有重要意义。     

系统性红斑狼疮脑病的磁共振影像表现

目的描述系统性红斑狼疮脑病的ＭＲＩ表现，探讨ＭＲＩ在本病中的诊断价值。方法符合系统性红斑狼疮诊断标准的女性患者１０例，年龄１５～５３岁，病史１～１０年。均表现为不同程度的神经或精神症状（其中９例符合神经精神性红斑狼疮）。在出现症状１～５个月内行头部ＭＲＩ扫描并结合临床资料对ＭＲＩ进行分析。结果本组ＭＲＩ显示为弥漫性白质或灰质异常信号６例（其中１例并发进行性多灶性白质脑病死亡）；局灶性异常信号２例，其中１例合并出血；２例显示为正常；全部病例均无脑萎缩表现。结论系统性红斑狼疮脑病的病因复杂，ＭＲＩ作为一种重要的检查方法，其主要作用不仅在于发现病变并确定诊断，而且在指导治疗及评价疗效方面有重要意义     

Osteonecrosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: MR imaging and scintigraphic evaluation

This study was to describe the findings of osteonecrosis in patients with SLE at MR and scintigraphic imaging. Among 415 patients with SLE, 37 patients were diagnosed to have osteonecrosis. MR images and bone scintigraphs were analyzed for sites of involvement, signal intensity, bilaterality and multiplicity. MR imaging features of osteonecrosis in patients with SLE included isointense signal intensity relative to adjacent bone marrow, hypointense rim, marginal enhancement and unusual involvement of flat bones. Bilateral and multiple involvements were common.     

系统性红斑狼疮胸部病变89例影像分析

系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE）是一种临床表现有多系统损害症状的慢性系统性自身免疫病,其血清具有以抗核抗体为主的大量不同的自身抗体[1]。     

Bone lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus

Routine joint radiographs of 125 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were studied. A total of 121 patients had a clinical history of articular symptoms. Cystic bone lesions were found in 51 patients (41%). The lesions, which were typically located subchondrally in the small joints of hands and feet, appeared as well-defined radiolucent areas surrounded by either normal bone or a narrow sclerotic zone. Nutritional disturbance in the bones, caused by the vasculitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, is proposed as a possible pathogenetic mechanism of the cystic lesions.