喉前淋巴结与甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的相关性研究

目的:探讨在甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）中,喉前淋巴结（DLN）转移与颈部其他淋巴结转移的相关性。方法:回顾性分析533例行手术治疗且有DLN检出的PTC患者,分为DLN-阳性组（139例）和DLN-阴性组（394例）,比较两组患者临床病理特征及颈部淋巴结转移情况。结果:在533例PTC患者中,DLN的转移率为26.08％（139/533）,16例仅发生DLN转移而无其他中央区淋巴结转移。单因素分析显示,肿瘤直径>1 cm（P<0.001）,多灶（P=0.002）,位于中上1/3（P=0.047）,临近被膜（P=0.011）,中央区（P<0.001）及侧颈淋巴结转移（P<0.001）,淋巴脉管浸润（P=0.014）,甲状腺外侵犯（P<0.001）,高侵袭性病理亚型（P=0.013）与DLN转移有关。多因素分析显示,肿瘤直径>1 cm（OR=0.466,P=0.001）,位于中上1/3（OR=1.748,P=0.024）,中央区（OR=0.180,P<0.001）及侧颈淋巴结转移（OR=0.468,P=0.003）和淋巴脉管浸润（OR=0.294,P=0.005）是DLN转移的独立危险因素。DLN阳性患者同侧及对侧中央区淋巴结转移率和侧颈淋巴结转移率更高（P<0.05）,且有更多的淋巴结转移数目（P<0.05）。结论:PTC术中应规范清扫喉前及锥状叶周围的淋巴及软组织,对于DLN转移,尤其高侵袭亚型者,建议行全甲状腺切除及双侧中央区淋巴结清扫,必要时选择性侧颈淋巴结清扫。     

结直肠癌与淋巴结转移关系的研究

目的　探讨结直肠癌及周围淋巴结大小与淋巴结转移的关系 ,为术中确定淋巴结清扫范围提供理论依据。方法　将 5 7例结直肠癌的 70 2个淋巴结分成 5组 (C1 ,C2 ,C3,D ,E) ,分别送检每个淋巴结 ;分析淋巴结大小、Dukes分期及不同病理类型结直肠癌的淋巴结转移情况。结果　①DukesC、D期淋巴结转移率高 ,分别为 2 9 93 %和 48 12 %;②粘液腺癌和印戒细胞癌转移率最高 ( 5 9 5 2 %,5 9 2 6%) ;③淋巴结转移率与大肠癌Dukes分期有关 ,与肿瘤大小无关。结论　①肿瘤不断生长 ,浸润加深 ,淋巴结转移率也随之增高 ;②粘液腺癌和印戒细胞癌的转移率高于高分化和中分化腺癌 ;③结直肠癌淋巴结 >5mm ,术中可视为有转移 ,<5mm者 ,术中是否切除有待探讨     

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C and Its Correlation with Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Carcinoma

Lymphnodemetastasiswastheunderlyingcauseforincurablenessandthehighmortalityratesofmalignantsolidtumor.Asaconsequence,detectionoftumorcellsinlymphaticvesselsandregionallymphnodeswasakeyfactorinthestagingandtreatmentofhumantumors[1],buttheexactmechanismands…     

Clinical progress on the examinations of lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer

1 IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of human com-mon malignant tumors that can metastasize via lym-phatics ,whose metastasis processincludesthat magli-nant tumors leave the pri mary tumor site , invadelymphatics,and metastasize to regional lymph nodes(RLNs) . Sentinel lymph node biopsy has providedconfirmation of the orderly anatomic progression oftumor cells from pri mary site to the RLNs throughlymphatic capillaries and trunks . The definition of u-nique markers found on lymphat…     

E-cadherin、FAK在声门上型喉癌组织中的表达及其与颈淋巴结隐性转移的相关性

目的探讨E-cadherin、FAK的表达在声门上型喉癌早期淋巴结转移诊治中的价值。方法采用免疫组化法检测30例声门上型喉癌患者活检组织中E-cadherin、FAK的表达情况,并结合肿瘤分化程度及局部肿瘤分期选择性进行颈淋巴结清扫治疗,然后分析E-cadherin、FAK的表达与淋巴结转移的相关性。结果cN1-3患者18例,术后淋巴结转移15例,无转移3例。cN0患者12例,其中6例E-cadherin低表达、FAK中高表达,且分化程度为中或低分化,行双侧选择性淋巴结清扫术（Ⅱ～Ⅳ区）,后经病理检查证实3例有淋巴结转移。所有患者均随访1．5年,未行淋巴结清扫的6例cN0患者中1例发生同侧淋巴结转移,行淋巴结清扫的6例cN0患者均未见淋巴结转移。结论声门上型喉癌转移与否与E-cadherin、FAK的表达相关,利用肿瘤组织分化程度、原发肿瘤分期及E-cadherin、FAK的检测可指导声门上型喉癌选择性进行颈淋巴结清扫治疗。     

结肠癌淋巴结转移43例的CT评价

目的了解结肠癌淋巴结转移的CT诊断价值和评价标准的确切性。方法对比分析43例结肠癌淋巴结转移患者的术前CT与术后病理诊断结果。结果43例患者共113个淋巴结转移中,CT诊断正确48个(45.3%),误诊58个,漏诊65个。结论CT对结肠癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值有限。     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移规律的临床分析

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移规律,为选择最佳手术方式提供参考。方法回顾分析2001年1月至2013年8月济南军区总医院甲状腺乳腺外科616例诊断为甲状腺乳头状癌患者的,临床和病理资料。结果616例有完整统计资料的甲状腺乳头状癌患者中,病理诊断颈部淋巴结总转移率为58．77％（362／616）,中央区（Ⅵ区）淋巴结转移率为48．70％（300／616）,颈侧区（Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ区）淋巴结转移率为38．80％（239／616）,原发肿瘤的部位、最大直径、是否累及包膜、是否为多发病灶及患者年龄对颈部淋巴结转移率有显著影响,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,且双因素方差分析显示,肿瘤直径越大,转移到颈侧区的可能性越大。结论甲状腺乳头状癌最常见的转移部位是Ⅵ区,术中应常规清除,其次依次为Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ区,对于患者原发肿瘤具有累及包膜、直径〉1cm、多发病灶及位于双侧等特点应清扫颈侧区,术中快速病理检查颈侧区淋巴结病理状态,确定颈侧区淋巴结清扫范围。     

前哨淋巴结阳性的乳腺癌患者非前哨淋巴结转移影响因素分析

 目的  研究分析前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)阳性的乳腺癌患者中非前哨淋巴结(non-sentinel lymph node,NSLN)转移的影响因素。  方法  回顾性分析复旦大学附属妇产科医院2010年至2013年治疗的SLN宏转移的临床早期乳腺癌患者144例,分析NSLN转移的影响因素。  结果  144例SLN宏转移临床早期乳腺癌患者平均年龄为(49.8±10.8)岁,平均肿瘤大小为(2.8±1.1) cm。中位阳性SLN数目为1枚(1~5枚),中位SLN数目为3枚(1~10枚),中位腋窝淋巴结清扫数目为15枚(8~38枚)。病理类型均为浸润性导管癌。术后上肢淋巴水肿发生率为19.4%。单因素分析得出原发肿瘤大小、脉管侵犯、阳性SLN数目以及分子分型是NSLN转移的影响因素。多因素回归分析得出原发肿瘤>2 cm(P=0.043,OR=3.421)、脉管侵犯阳性(P<0.000 1,OR=16.332)、阳性SLN数目≥2枚(P=0.007,OR=4.191)是NSLN转移的独立危险因素,而分子分型尽管显示Luminal B型及HER2型NSLN转移风险较高的趋势,但差异未达到统计学意义(P=0.077)。  结论  对于SLN宏转移的临床早期乳腺癌,原发肿瘤>2 cm、脉管侵犯阳性、阳性SLN数目≥2枚是NSLN转移的独立危险因素。     

分化型甲状腺癌的颈部淋巴结转移规律探讨

目的 探讨临床上颈部淋巴结转移阳性的分化型甲状腺癌的患者,淋巴结转移的模式和规律.方法 将40例分化型甲状腺癌患者的颈清扫标本(共42例)的淋巴结术中均按照颈部分区放置并送病理检查.统计患者的年龄、性别和肿瘤的直径大小.用单因素和多因素分析结合分析淋巴结转移特点和规律.结果 平均淋巴结转移数目是6.2个.好发的转移部位依次是Ⅵ区(95.24%)、Ⅲ区(69.05%)、Ⅳ区(57.14%)、Ⅱ区(52.38%)和Ⅴ区(19.05%).副神经以上区域检测到转移占患者总数的7.14%.肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移数目之间存在回归关系(P=0.02),病人年龄和淋巴结转移数目之间存在负相关关系(P=0.032). 结论 分化型甲状腺癌的患者从颈Ⅱ区到Ⅵ区间存在很高的淋巴结转移率.甲状腺原发肿瘤的大小和患者年龄是影响甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移数目重要的独立因素.     

淋巴管生成与肿瘤转移研究进展

肿瘤转移是恶性肿瘤危及患者生命最主要的恶性行为特征.自上世纪70年代开始,肿瘤诱导的血管生成(angiogenesis)对肿瘤转移的影响已为越来越多的肿瘤研究者所重视.众所周知,淋巴转移是肿瘤转移的重要方式之一,也是影响患者预后至关重要的因素.近年来,人们已逐渐认识到,淋巴管生成(1ymphangiogenesis)在肿瘤的淋巴转移过程中可能起着不容忽视的作用.现将有关淋巴管生成及其促肿瘤转移作用的有关文献综述如下.     

肺腺癌肺及纵隔淋巴结转移规律与淋巴结广泛廓清术的临床意义

目的:探讨原发性肺腺癌淋巴结转移的特点和广泛廓清纵隔淋巴结的意义。方法:回顾性分析259例肺腺癌临床资料。全部肺腺癌均按Naruke肺癌淋巴结的分布图施行手术切除,进行广泛肺门、叶间及纵隔淋巴结廓清术。用统计学方法分析肺腺癌T分期与N分期的相关性。结果:清除淋巴结1695组。N1转移率8.9%,N2转移率20.1%,N1 2转移率23.9%,跳跃转移45.6%。T1期的N2转移2例。T2以上转移112例。淋巴结转移与T分期有关,但不存在因果关系。结论:T1期肺腺癌早期淋巴转移,所以有必要广泛廓清肺内、同侧纵隔淋巴结。     

1、2 枚SLN 阳性乳腺癌患者的NSLN 转移预测

目的 分析1、2 枚前哨淋巴结（SLN）阳性乳腺癌患者的临床、病理特征与非前哨淋巴结（NSLN） 转移的关系,验证纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心（MSKCC）NSLN 转移预测模型的临床应用价值。方法 选取 2010 年4 月—2017 年10 月于吉林大学白求恩第一医院连续行前哨淋巴结活检证实的1、2 枚SLN 阳性,并 进一步行腋窝淋巴结清扫术的乳腺癌患者294 例。对符合纳入标准的患者临床病理资料进行单因素及多因素 分析,探索其与NSLN 转移的关系。利用MSKCC 模型计算每个患者NSLN 转移的预测值,通过受试者工作 曲线及曲线下面积（AUC）评估其在患者中的应用价值。结果 294 例患者中86 例存在NSLN 转移。脉管 癌栓是否阳性、阳性SLN 数/ 总SLN 数比值比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。MSKCC 预测模型对研究 人群NSLN 转移预测的AUC 为0.643。结论 SLN 转移率高或存在脉管癌栓的1、2 枚SLN 阳性的患者容易 出现NSLN 转移,MSKCC 模型预测NSLN 转移的准确性不佳。     

Predictors to assess non-sentinel lymph node status in breast cancer patients with only one sentinel lymph node metastasis

Background  The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of avoiding axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for patients with only one sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis. The characteristics and predictive factors for non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis of patients with single positive SLN were also analyzed.

Methods  Patients with no and only one SLN metastasis (0/n and 1/n group, n ³2) were selected from 1228 cases of invasive breast carcinoma, who underwent axillary dissection in Shandong Cancer Hospital between November 1999 and December 2011, to compare the characteristics of NSLN metastasis between them. For the 1/n group, the factors that influenced the NSLN metastasis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results  Differences of the NSLN metastasis between the 0/n and the 1/n groups were significant (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between the axillary lymph node metastasis on level III in 1/n group and 0/n group (P=0.570). When the total SLN number was ≥4 and with one positive case, the NSLN metastasis was not significantly different from that in the 0/n group (P=0.118). In the 1/n group, clinical tumor size (P = 0.012), over-expression of Her-2 (P=0.003), tumor grade (P=0.018) and the total number of SLN (P=0.047) significantly correlated with non-SLN metastasis. Clinical tumor size (P=0.015) and the expression of Her-2 (P=0.01) were independent predictive factors for non-SLN metastasis by the Logistic regression model.

Conclusion  Under certain conditions, breast cancer patients with single SLN metastasis could avoid ALND.

     

VEGFR-3在食管鳞癌中的表达及与新生淋巴管形成的关系

目的探讨VEGFR-3在食管鳞癌中的表达及其与新生淋巴管形成的关系.方法对73例食管鳞癌手术标本采用RT-PCR和免疫组化方法检测VEGFR-3的表达,采用免疫组化方法观察淋巴管生成,并探讨VEGFR-3与淋巴管形成的关系.结果VEGFR-3 mRNA与淋巴结转移密切相关,VEGFR-3阳性管腔计数也与淋巴结转移密切相关(P＜0.05).结论VEGFR-3与新生淋巴管的形成有相关性.     

Inhibition of lymphangiogenesis,nodal and lung metastasis by dihydroartemisinin in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma

Objective：To investigate the activity of anti-malarial dihydroartemisinin （DHA） on tumor growth, lymphangiogenesis, nodal and lung metastasis and survival in mice bearing Lewis lung carcimoma （LLC）. Methods： The models of C57BL/6 mice transplantation tumors were established via subcutaneous injection of LLC cells and divided into 4 groups： control group, DHA group, DHA＋ferrous sulfate （FS） group and FS group, with 25 mice in each group. Tumor volumes and weights, nodal and lung metastasis, and survival were monitored. Tumor lymphatic microvessel density （LMVD） was determined by lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 （LYVE-1） immnohistochemistry. After LLC cells were treated with DHA or DHA＋FS, protein and mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） -C were evaluated by Western blotting and real time quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Results： Oral administration of DHA or DHA＋FS inhibited lymph node and lung metastasis, and prolonged survival. However, no significant tumor growth retardation effect was observed when mice were treated with DHA alone. The inhibited tumor metastasis was related to the decreased LMVD in the peritumoral regions, but not in the intratumoral regions. DHA significantly down-regulated the expression of VEGF-C protein and mRNA in LLC cells. Conclusion： DHA effectively inhibits LLC transplantation tumor lymphangiogenesis, nodal and lung metastasis, and may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent for controlling lung cancer metastasis by decreasing VEGF-C expression.     

E—cadherin＼FAK、13m23-H1蛋白表达与声门上型喉癌颈淋巴结转移的相关因素研究

目的探讨E—cadherin、FAK、nm23-H1蛋白表达与声门上型喉癌颈淋巴结转移的关系,以利于临床上预估颈淋巴结转移情况。方法采用免疫组织化学Envision两步法检测70例声门上型喉癌中E—cadherin、FAK、nm23-H1的表达情况,结合患者临床资料分析3种免疫标志物（E—cadherin、FAK、nm23-H1蛋白）与颈淋巴结转移的相关性。结果E—cadherin及FAK蛋白表达与颈淋巴结转移均明显相关（P〈0．05）。nm23-H1蛋白表达与颈淋巴结转移无明显相关（P〉0．05）。E—cadherin及FAK蛋白均阳性表达与颈淋巴结转移显著相关（P〈0．01）。肿瘤分期、远处转移、病理分化程度均与颈淋巴结转移相关（均P〈0．01）。原发肿瘤分期T、组织分化G、FAK被纳入Logistic回归方程,利用该方程可得颈淋巴结无转移的准确率为75．6％．颈淋巴结有转移的准确率为82-7％,总体准确率为79．4％。结论声门上型喉癌转移与否与E—cadherin、FAK表达相关。与nm23-H1表达无明显相关,利用组织分化程度G、原发肿瘤分期T及FAK可以获得较高颈淋巴结转移的预计概率。     

乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌的病理特征及其与转移的关系

目的 探讨乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌（IMPC）的病理学特征及其与淋巴结转移的关系。方法 回顾性分析61例IMPC患者的病理学资料,分析肿瘤T分期（肿瘤大小）、IMPC成分比例、间质淋巴细胞浸润等因素与淋巴结转移的关系。结果 IMPC淋巴管浸润率为73.8%（45/61）,淋巴结转移率为75.4%（46/61）。不同T分期患者的淋巴结转移率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;肿瘤组织中不同IMPC成分比例患者的淋巴结转移率和淋巴结转移个数比较,差异也无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;但IMPC间质淋巴细胞浸润阴性患者的淋巴结转移率明显低于间质淋巴细胞浸润阳性者（54.2% vs 62.2%）（P＜0.05）。淋巴结转移灶为纯IMPC成分或以IMPC成分为主（39/43,90.7%）。结论 淋巴管侵袭和区域淋巴结转移是IMPC的生物学特征;IMPC的生物学行为并不取决于肿瘤的大小及肿瘤中IMPC成分的多少,而可能与IMPC成分本身的性质有关。     

乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌的病理特征及其与转移的关系

目的探讨乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌(IMPC)的病理学特征及其与淋巴结转移的关系。方法回顾性分析61例IMPC患者的病理学资料,分析肿瘤T分期(肿瘤大小)、IMPC成分比例、间质淋巴细胞浸润等因素与淋巴结转移的关系。结果 IMPC淋巴管浸润率为73.8%(45/61),淋巴结转移率为75.4%(46/61)。不同T分期患者的淋巴结转移率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肿瘤组织中不同IMPC成分比例患者的淋巴结转移率和淋巴结转移个数比较,差异也无统计学意义(均P>0.05);但IMPC间质淋巴细胞浸润阴性患者的淋巴结转移率明显低于间质淋巴细胞浸润阳性者(54.2%vs62.2%)(P<0.05)。淋巴结转移灶为纯IMPC成分或以IMPC成分为主(39/43,90.7%)。结论淋巴管侵袭和区域淋巴结转移是IMPC的生物学特征;IMPC的生物学行为并不取决于肿瘤的大小及肿瘤中IMPC成分的多少,而可能与IMPC成分本身的性质有关。     

Sentinel lymph node detection by combined dye-isotope technique and its predictive value for cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with lingual carcinoma

Objectives To investigate the clinical value of combined dye-isotope technique in detecting sentinel lymph node (SLN) and to examine whether the characteristics of SLN accurately predict cervical lymph node metastasis in lingual carcinoma.Methods Thirty patients with lingual carcinoma without lymph metastasis were injected with a dose of about 18. 5 MBq of ^99mTc-SC (sulfur colloid), around the tumor tissues before surgery, and lymphoscintigraphy was performed 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes, and 6 hours after injection. In the following day, all patients were injected with isosulfan blue dye around the primary tumor during surgery to trace SLN and underwent standard cervical lymph node dissection after SLN dissection. The pathological results of SLN were compared with standard lymph node dissection for their ability to accurately predict the final pathological status of the cervical lymph nodes.Results SLN was successfully identified in 100% of the patients. Both positive and negative predictive values of SLN were 100%. The accuracy rate was 100%, and there were no false negatives.Conclusions The detection of SLN using combined dye-isotope technique could accurately predict cervical lymph node metastasis in lingual carcinoma.