杠柳毒苷在大鼠体内的组织分布

目的 考察杠柳毒苷在大鼠体内的组织分布.方法 采用高效液相色谱法测定大鼠静脉注射杠柳毒苷后,组织样品中杠柳毒苷的质量浓度.结果 大鼠iv杠柳毒苷0.74 mg/kg,2、10、20 min后肝中杠柳毒苷的质量浓度分别为(2.447±0.687)、(0.6310±0.272)、(0.2924±0.228)μg/g,在肝中...     

野棉花（2011年第1期封面药用植物）

【科属】锦葵科。 【别名】红花地桃花、肖梵天花、狗脚迹、大梅花树、刺头婆。【植物形态】亚灌木状直立半灌木,高0.5～1米,全株被柔毛及星状毛。     

峨眉杠柳的化学成分研究

目的研究峨眉杠柳的化学成分。方法利用色谱技术进行分离纯化,以波谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果从峨眉杠柳中分离得到7个化舍物,鉴定为23-羟基齐墩果酸（1）、β谷甾醇（2）、27-羟基-α-香树脂醇（3）、熊果酸（4）、（＋）-1-羟基松脂酚（5）、胡萝卜苷（6）、杠柳苷（7）。结论该植物有较好的研究价值。     

杠柳毒苷体外抑制肝癌细胞和乳腺癌细胞增殖的实验研究

目的 探讨杠柳毒苷在体外对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的影响。方法 MTT法观察杠柳毒苷对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用,流式细胞术观察杠柳毒苷对两种肿瘤细胞的细胞增殖周期作用。结果 与对照组比较,杠柳毒苷能明显抑制两种肿瘤细胞的增殖,其抑制率与药物浓度和作用时间呈正相关。流式细胞仪检测发现,杠柳毒苷对乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞持续作用24 h后,可以使G₀/G₁期细胞增多,G₂/M期细胞减少。结论 杠柳毒苷具有抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的作用,并可将乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞的细胞生长周期阻滞在G₀/G₁期。     

实时荧光定量PCR联合高通量测序分析杠柳毒苷与三七总皂苷配伍对大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 采用实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）法和Illumina高通量测序技术研究杠柳毒苷和不同比例三七总皂苷配伍对大鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 将15只SD大鼠随机分为杠柳毒苷单独给药组（A组）、杠柳毒苷和低剂量三七总皂苷配伍组（B组）、杠柳毒苷和高剂量三七总皂苷配伍组（C组）,每组5只。按杠柳毒苷10 mg/kg、三七总皂苷0.74和2.22 g/kg （分别相当于香加皮与三七的配伍比例为1：1和1：3）的剂量ig给药,连续给药7 d。给药结束后收集大鼠粪便,进行qRT-PCR反应和高通量测序。结果 qRT-PCR结果表明,与杠柳毒苷单独给药组比较,杠柳毒苷和三七总皂苷配伍后,总菌、拟杆菌的相对含量显著升高（P<0.05、0.01）,而乳酸杆菌的相对含量呈现降低的趋势;Illumina高通量测序结果显示,在微生物群落结构上,杠柳毒苷配伍三七总皂苷后,拟杆菌的相对丰度明显升高而乳酸杆菌的相对丰度呈现降低的趋势;在肠道菌群多样性上,3组样品的多样性指数间无显著性差异。结论 杠柳毒苷和不同比例的三七总皂苷配伍后,可对大鼠肠道中的总菌、乳酸杆菌及拟杆菌产生一定影响,但对肠道菌群多样性的影响不明显。     

一测多评法用于香加皮药材质量标准的研究

目的 测定香加皮药材中C21甾体皂苷类7种成分的含量,初步建立香加皮药材质量标准.方法 采用一测多评法,以杠柳苷A为内参物,根据杠柳苷K、杠柳苷R、杠柳苷E、杠柳苷D、杠柳苷Q、杠柳苷O与杠柳苷A相对校正因子,计算7种C21甾体皂苷类成分的含量,同时监测杠柳毒苷的含量.结果 多数香加皮药材中总皂苷含量在2.0~3.5 mg·g-1之间,杠柳毒苷含量在0.4~0.8 mg·g-1之间.不同产地的香加皮中山西、甘肃和河南的香加皮总皂苷含量较高,四川、河北、安徽的香加皮总皂苷含量都较低,而甘肃的香加皮含量差异较大.结论 该方法有效节约成本、操作简单、快捷高效,可作为香加皮多指标成分测定的质量控制方法.     

基于斑马鱼模型的杠柳毒苷肝毒性评价

目的 基于斑马鱼模型初步探讨杠柳毒苷的毒性靶器官和潜在作用机制。方法 将斑马鱼(4 days post fertilization,4 dpf)暴露于不同浓度(低浓度1μg·mL^-1,高浓度1.5μg·mL^-1)的杠柳毒苷溶液中24 h,统计杠柳毒苷对斑马鱼的致死率;10%致死剂量下(10)暴露24 h后,基于肝脏面积变化,吖啶橙染色,肝脏组织病理切片,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)与谷草转氨酶(AST)活性变化等指标评价杠柳毒苷的肝毒性;通过网络药理学与分子对接技术预测杠柳毒苷肝毒性潜在作用机制,并通过实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR,RT-PCR)对预测靶点进行验证。结果 杠柳毒苷对斑马鱼的亚致死浓度(LC₁₀)为1.612 6μg·mL^-1,亚致死浓度暴露条件下,与空白组相比,杠柳毒苷能够引起斑马鱼肝脏面积减小和明显的肝脏细胞凋亡,组织病理切片结果显示杠柳毒苷能够诱导肝细胞出现结构排列松散紊乱以及明显空泡化等病理特征。此外,杠柳毒苷能够显著升高斑马鱼ALT...     

沙棘植物资源的开发与利用

植物沙棘又名醋柳,黑刺,酸刺,达布(藏名),其察日嘎纳(蒙名),吉汗(维吾尔族名)等。属胡颓子科(Elacagnaaeae)沙棘属(Hippohpae rhamnoides)的落叶灌木或乔木。沙棘主要分布于巴尔干半岛、土尔其、阿     

植物中抗癌活性物质的筛选及其作用机制

目的 从植物中筛选具有抗癌活性的化合物,并探讨其作用机制。方法 用MTT法检测样品对HepG2和A549增殖的影响;用Hoechst33342染色法检测活性物质对细胞凋亡的影响;用ELISA法和分光光度法分别检测活性物质对细胞TNF-α表达和Caspase-8活性的影响;用RT-PCR法测定活性物质对细胞Bc1-2和Bax mRNA表达的影响。结果 获得了具较高抗癌活性的化合物杠柳苷F,并初步证实杠柳苷F可通过上调TNF-α、Caspase-8、Bax,下调Bcl-2来促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡。结论 杠柳苷F可能通过线粒体途径和TNFR途径诱导HepG2和A549凋亡。     

杠柳毒苷在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的考察杠柳毒苷iv给药在大鼠体内的药动学过程。方法大鼠iv给予低、中、高剂量(0.37、0.74、1.48mg/kg)杠柳毒苷后于不同时间点采血,血浆样品经甲醇沉淀蛋白-C18固相萃取处理,HPLC-UV法测定不同时间点大鼠血浆中杠柳毒苷药物浓度。用DAS药动学数据软件计算药动学参数。结果低、中、高剂量组杠柳毒苷的分布相半衰期t1/2α分别为1.49、2.32、3.48min,消除相半衰期t1/2β分别为14.00、12.37、15.44min,无显著性差异。AUC0-60分别为8.581、19.782、50.615mg/L·min,与剂量呈线性相关。结论杠柳毒苷iv给药在大鼠体内分布及消除迅速,其体内过程符合二房室模型,在0.37～1.48mg/kg符合线性动力学过程。     

Effects of vegetative and flowering stages on the biosynthesis of artemisinin in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia</Emphasis> species

Artemisinin is an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone, and has been proven to be very effective in treating drug resistant cases of malaria, cancer, etc. The compound is obtained from Artemisia species. In the current study, the effects of vegetative and flowering stages on artemisinin production were studied, to determine the proper harvesting time of naturally growing Artemisia species with the highest levels of artemisinin. Eight Artemisia species along with two varieties were selected for this analytical work. The results showed that artemisinin content was high in the leaves of Artemisia indica, A. sieversiana, A. roxburghiana var. roxburghiana, A. roxburghiana var. gratae, and A. parviflora at the flowering stage. The highest artemisinin content was measured in the leaves of A. dracunculus var. dracunculus. Upon comparisons of artemisinin content among the individual plant species, the highest amount of artemisinin was again in A. dracunculus var. dracunculus followed by A. sieversiana when harvested at the flowering stage. In overall comparisons, the plants at the flowering stage showed high levels of artemisinin, which is deemed the optimum harvesting time of Artemisia species in Pakistan for maximum artemisinin content.     

Morphogenetic changes in essential oil composition of Hypericum perforatum during the course of ontogenesis

Context: In the past few years, an increasing interest in the volatile secondary metabolites of Hypericum perforatum L. (Guttiferae) has been arising.

Objective: The present study is a contribution to better understand the relationship between the morphological variations and volatile composition during the phenological cycle.

Materials and methods: Leaves at the stages of vegetative, floral budding, flowering and green capsule, buds, full opened flowers and green capsules were assayed for essential oil (EO) components by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS).

Results: Significant amounts of sesquiterpenes (oxygenated 26–50% and hydrocarbons 20–40%) and oxygenated hydrocarbons (13–38%) characterized the all analyzed samples showing peculiar fluctuations during the seven phenological stages. Although monoterpenes were present in much lower amounts (monoterpene hydrocarbons 0.4–6%; oxygenated monoterpenes 0.8–6%) they were considered also important discrimination for several stages. The green capsules and the full opened flowers collected at flowering stage were clearly distinguished in terms of EO compositions from the other samples.

Discussion: For the first time, the EO composition of Turkish wild Hypericum perforatum was monitored by the hydrodistillation of different plant organs collected at different seven stages in order to point out the modification of target volatiles related to each phenological step.

Conclusions: Based on the EO composition monitored during these seven morphological stages by GC-MS, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, significant metabolite modifications were observed during the phenological cycle which involved the levels of specific volatile target compounds belonging to the chemical classes of hydrocarbons, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.     

华阴市产重楼属药用植物生态特点及资源状况调查

目的 掌握华阴市产重楼属药用植物生态特点及资源状况。方法 采用文献调查、走访调查和外业调查方法,对华阴市主要区域重楼属药用植物的类群、自然分布、生态特点及资源状况进行调查、记录、整理分析。结果 华阴市重楼属药用植物自然分布2种2变种,生态适宜性良好。南重楼组的1种2变种的根茎作中药重楼用,自然资源已处濒危状态。结论 华阴市产重楼属南重楼组的宽叶重楼和狭叶重楼2变种为新分布,填补了华阴市产重楼属药用植物类群自然分布记载方面的漏缺,应对南重楼组药用植物自然资源开展进一步保护与培育工作。     

Changes in the contents of main secondary metabolites in two Turkish Hypericum species during plant development

Context: The genus Hypericum (Guttiferae) has received considerable scientific interest as a source of biologically active compounds.

Objective: The study determined the morphogenetic and ontogenetic variation in the main bioactive compounds of two Hypericum species, namely, Hypericum aviculariifolium subsp. depilatum var. depilatum (Freyn and Bornm.) Robson var. depilatum and Hypericum orientale L. through HPLC analyses of whole plants as well as individual plant parts (stems, leaves, and reproductive tissues).

Materials and methods: The plant materials were harvested at five phenological stages: vegetative, floral budding, full flowering, fresh fruiting, and mature fruiting; dried at room temperature, then assayed for chemical content.

Results: In H. aviculariifolium, no kaempferol accumulation was observed and the highest level of hypericin, pseudohypericin, and quercitrin was reached at full flowering (0.71, 1.78, and 4.15?mg/g DW, respectively). Plants, harvested at floral budding produced the highest amount of rutin, hyperoside, and isoquercitrine (32.96, 2.42, 1.52?mg/g DW, respectively). H. orientale did not produce hypericin, pseudohypericin, or kaempferol. Rutin, hyperoside, and isoquercetine levels were the highest at floral development (1.76, 11.85, and 1.21?mg/g DW, respectively) and plants harvested at fresh fruiting produced the highest amount of quercitrine and quercetine (0.20 and 1.30?mg/g DW, respectively).

Discussion: For the first time, the chemical composition of the Turkish species of Hypericum was monitored during the course of ontogenesis to determine the ontogenetic and morphogenetic changes in chemical content.

Conclusions: Plant material should be harvested during flower ontogenesis for medicinal purposes in which the content of many bioactive substances tested reached their highest level.     

欧当归(Levisticum officinale Koch)的生物学特性观察研究

本文报导欧当归在我国引种时其幼苗的生长、春季返青、抽茎孕蕾、花茎生长和分枝性状以及开花结实等生物学和生态学特性.     

马杜拉放线菌属新种的分类研究——Ⅱ:福建马杜拉放线菌新变种的鉴定

从福建省武夷山土壤中分离到一些马杜拉放线菌,其中编号80-A_(7a)、 80-A_5、80-_A_6,80-A_1、80-A_2、80-A_(20)和80-19等七株分别定为两个新变种:80-A_(7a)、80-A_5、80-A_6定名为绿黄马杜拉放线菌福建新变种 Actinomadura viridoflava var.fujianensis nov.var.1991;80-A_1、80-A_2、80-A_(20) 、80-19定名为天兰马杜拉放线菌青灰绿新变种 Actinomadura coeru-lea var.caesiagreen nov.var.1991     

马杜拉放线菌属新种的分类研究——Ⅰ:马杜拉放线菌新种和新变种

从我国福建省的土壤中分离到五株马杜拉放线菌,编号80-2、80-A13、80-30、80-28和80-191。其中除80-A13菌株外,其它菌株均有拮抗作用。无气生菌丝或气生菌丝贫乏,前二个菌株产生2～9个孢子的短孢子链,孢子表面疣状,后三个菌株孢子链形成假孢囊,孢子表面光滑。细胞壁化学组份为Ⅲ型,糖类型B,含马杜拉糖,甲基萘醌分析结果80-2为MK-9(H_6)、MK-9(H_8)。80-A13为MK-9(H_4)、MK-9(H_6),而80-30和80-191为MK-9(H_4)、MK-9(H_6)、MK-9(H_8)。通过分类研究证明它们不同于马杜拉菌属中的已知菌种。命名80-2为荧光马杜拉放线菌Actinomadura fluorescence sp.nov.1991;80-A13命名为微弱马杜拉放线菌Actinomaduraparva sp.nov.1991;80-30和80-28定名为紫褐马杜拉放线菌Actinomadura violacefonscussp nov 1991;80-191 定名为赭色马杜拉放线菌屏南变种Actinomadura ochracea varPingnansis nov.var.1991。     

Formation of Digitalis lanata Clone Lines by Shoot Tip Culture

Propagation of DIGITALIS LANATA by shoot tip culture made possible (a) the rapid multiplication of elite plants with the formation of plant clones and (b) the long-term cultivation of these plants which under normal growth conditions would die at the end of the second vegetation period. Optimum conditions were established for the regeneration of shoots from shoot tips, for daughter shoot formation and rooting as well as for the adaptation of the regenerated plants to the open ground. Gene banks of valuable clones were built by keeping shoots at 4 degrees C on media with high sucrose concentration (maximum period of storage 2 years) or by growing juvenile clone plants in the greenhouse at temperatures preventing the induction of flowering. The clone plants were in the juvenile state even if they were derived from flowering mother plants. They showed normal growth and development.     

东北菘蓝栽培技术

东北菘蓝（Isatis indigotica）是一种重要的药用栽培植物。本文概要介绍了东北菘蓝的形态特征、生态特征、主要病虫害和其防治措施。旨在为从事菘蓝栽培育种研究与生产提供依据。     

秦皮的生药学研究——Ⅱ.秦皮及其混淆品的鉴别

本文对7种秦皮及其混淆品的性状、显微和理化特征进行比较研究,提出了与植物分类系统位置相关的鉴别依据,并作出了药材鉴别检索表,可供药材生产、管理和使用部门鉴定参考。