口炎清冲剂联合氨来呫诺口腔贴片治疗复发性口疮的临床疗效观察

摘 要：目的 观察口炎清冲剂与氨来呫诺口腔贴片联合治疗复发性口疮的临床疗效及其安全性。方法 选取乐山市人民医院复发性口疮患者90例,随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组患者po口炎清冲剂,20 g/次,2 次/d,连续服用2个月。治疗组患者开始治疗时,加用氨来呫诺口腔贴片,每日餐后和临睡前口腔清洁后,将其在口腔溃疡部位,轻压10 s,连续用药5 d,口炎清冲剂的用法、用量、治疗时间同对照组。治疗结束后询问患者主观感觉,症状改善情况,治疗前、后口疮疼痛评分,口疮大小、数目等,同时判定两组的临床疗效及不良反应。结果 治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为97.78%、71.11%,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组患者临床症状均有所改善,所有患者较治疗前口疮疼痛评分降低,口疮大小、数目均较治疗前减少,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）,且治疗组较对照组临床症状改善更明显（P＜0.05）;治疗组患者不良反应发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 口炎清冲剂联合氨来呫诺口腔贴片治疗复发性口疮疗效明显,不良反应发生率较低,可以在临床上推广应用     

氨来呫诺糊剂治疗复发性口腔溃疡临床研究

目的研究氨来呫诺糊剂的临床疗效和安全性。方法采用随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照临床试验法,选择复发性口腔溃疡患者222例,随机分为试验组及对照组,分别给予5g：250mg的氨来呫诺糊剂或氨来呫诺糊剂基质4次／d,连续3d溃疡面涂布治疗。以用药前后患者口腔溃疡的平均溃疡期及疼痛指数作为疗效指标评价药物的疗效。结果试验组平均溃疡期为（5．91±1．64）d,对照组为（8．89±1．71）d（P〈0．05）;试验组临床有效率为85．0％,优于对照组35．2％（P〈0．05）。试验组不良反应发生率为2．78％,对照组为5．66％（P〉0．05）,均为灼热、皮肤丘疹、口干等轻微不良反应。结论氨来呫诺糊剂能有效减轻复发性口腔溃疡的疼痛症状,明显缩短溃疡愈合期。     

口炎清颗粒对头颈部肿瘤放疗所致急性放射性口炎患者的炎性因子等的影响研究

目的：探究头颈部肿瘤放疗所致急性放射性口炎患者应用口炎清颗粒治疗后，体内炎性水平及口腔内微生态环境的变化。方法：以南京市口腔医院黏膜科门诊2019年6月～2021年6月99例头颈部肿瘤放疗所致急性放射性口炎患者为研究对象，随机分为两组，给予不同治疗方法。对照组（49例）给予重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗；观察组（50例）在对照组基础上给予口炎清颗粒治疗。对比两组治疗前后口腔分级情况、唾液炎性因子水平、口腔微生态指标水平、口腔疼痛程度和用药不良反应。结果：观察组血清高敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平低于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）；观察组链球菌、韦荣氏菌的水平高于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）；观察组口腔等级为1级的比例明显高于对照组，等级为3级的比例小于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）；观察组不同时间段口腔疼痛程度均低于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）；两组恶心呕吐、发热、头晕头痛的发生率无明显差异（P ＞ 0.05）。结论：口炎清颗粒可降低头颈部肿瘤放疗所致急性放射性口炎患者唾液炎性因子水平、口腔菌群水平和疼痛程度，改善患者预后口腔黏膜状况。     

氨来呫诺糊剂治疗糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓60例

目的 探讨氨来呫诺糊剂治疗糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓的有效性和安全性.方法 将60例糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,分别给予氨来呫诺糊剂和丁硼乳膏,每天4次,连用5天,对糜烂面的疼痛程度进行评分并比较分析.结果 治疗组患者口腔扁平苔藓糜烂面疼痛程度评分较对照组明显降低(P＜0.001),有效率明显提高(P...     

口炎清颗粒联合更昔洛韦治疗疱疹性口炎的临床研究

目的 探讨口炎清颗粒联合更昔洛韦片治疗疱疹性口炎的临床疗效。方法 选取天津市黄河医院在2021年6月—2023年7月收治的92例疱疹性口炎患者,按照随机数字法将所有患者分为对照组和治疗组,每组各46例。对照组口服更昔洛韦片,2片/次,3次/d。治疗组患者在对照组治疗基础上口服口炎清颗粒,2袋/次,2次/d。两组患者持续治疗7 d。比较两组的临床疗效、症状消失时间、口腔黏膜病损面积、主观疼痛程度和血清因子。结果 治疗后,治疗组总有效率为93.48%,对照组总有效率为76.09%,组间比较差异显著（P＜0.05）。治疗后,治疗组患者的发热、流涎、拒食、疱疹消失时间均明显短于对照组,组间差异显著（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组患者的口腔黏膜病损面积、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分均比治疗前小（P＜0.05）,治疗组口腔黏膜病损面积、VAS评分比对照组更小（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组单纯疱疹病毒-免疫球蛋白M（HSV-IgM）、单纯疱疹病毒-免疫球蛋白G（HSV-IgG）阳性率均显著下降（P＜0.05）;治疗组HSV-IgM、HSV-IgG的阳性率均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组的血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平低于治疗前（P＜0.05）,且治疗组的血清IL-6、CRP水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 口炎清颗粒联合更昔洛韦片可提高疱疹性口炎的临床疗效,减轻临床症状和疼痛程度,缩小病损面积,减轻炎症反应。     

氨来呫诺口腔膜治疗轻型复发性口腔溃疡效果分析

目的对临床应用氨来呫诺口腔膜治疗轻型复发性口腔溃疡的效果进行分析。方法选取我院2010年1月至2011年1月收治的轻型复发性口腔溃疡患者68例,随机分为两组,治疗组为36例,应用氨来呫诺口腔膜进行治疗,观察组32例患者,应用安慰剂片贴于患处进行治疗,在治疗3d、5d的时对患者疼痛的指数和溃疡的面积大小进行分析对比临床效果。结果在治疗进行3d、5d治疗组和观察组两组患者疼痛均有所缓解有效率为88.88%、88.88%和94.44%、88.88%;溃疡面积的愈合大小为:77.77%、34.37%和100.00%、75.00%。结论氨来咕诺口腔膜可加速口腔溃疡愈合、安全性高、有效缓解疼痛,适宜临床广泛应用。     

口炎清含片治疗口腔炎症临床试验总结——221例随机单盲对照试验分析

目的：客观评价口炎清含片治疗口腔炎症属于阴虚大旺证的临床疗效。方法：本研究为随机单盲阳性对照多中心临床试验，共有口腔支瘟患者221例，治疗组109例，对照组112例；复发性口疮118例，疱疹性口支103例。中医辨证均属于阴虚大旺证。两组均用药5天，分别观察口腔炎症病情程度、中医瘟候等疗效指标。结果：治疗组临床痊愈丰为59．6％．显效丰为13．8％，有效丰为14．7％，总有效丰为88．1％；对照组临床痊愈丰为49．1％，显效丰为9．8％，有效丰为27．7%，总有效丰为86．6%。两组比较，差异无显著性意义，提示口支清拿片治疗口腔支中医辨证属于阴虚大旺证的临床疗效与口支清颗粒相当。病种疗效结果表明，口支清拿片治疗复发性口疮临床疗效优于对照药口支清颗粒；口支清拿片治疗疱疹性口支临床疗效与口支清颗粒相当。临床症状疗效结果表明，口支清拿片治疗复发性口疮、疱疹性口支能明显改善患者的主要临床症状，与对照药相似，而治疗复发性口疮患者的口腔溃疡消失丰明显优于对照组。结论：口支清拿片能有效治疗口腔支症属于阴虚大旺证。     

珠黄散口腔糊剂治疗复发性口疮的临床观察

目的研究珠黄散口腔糊剂对复发性口疮的疗效.方法选择复发性口疮患者133例随机分治疗组和对照组,对照组50例采用甲硝唑糊剂,治疗组83例应用珠黄散口腔糊剂.结果治疗组总有效率为96.39%,与对照组比较P＜0.01.治疗组平均起效时间为1.94±0.34天,与对照组比较P＜0.01.结论表明珠黄散口腔糊剂治疗复发性口疮疗效确切,起效快捷.     

口炎清颗粒联合阿昔洛韦治疗婴幼儿疱疹性龈口炎的疗效观察

目的 观察口炎清颗粒联合阿昔洛韦治疗婴幼儿疱疹性龈口炎的临床疗效.方法 随机将2012年2月至2012年5月于广州市妇女儿童医疗中心口腔科就诊的患有疱疹性龈口炎的90例患儿分成口炎清颗粒联合阿昔洛韦治疗组和阿昔洛韦对照组,各45例.观察两组临床疗效（口腔溃疡持续天数、发热情况、进食困难程度）及不良反应.结果 总共有78例患儿参与并完成本研究,其中40例是治疗组,38例是对照组.治疗组患儿口腔溃疡持续的时间明显短于对照组,其发热及进食水困难症状消失明显早于对照组.统计学数据结果表明,治疗组与对照组临床疗效差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但治疗组流涎症状与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 口炎清颗粒与阿昔洛韦联合用药能有效缓解疱疹性龈口炎引起的疼痛,减少溃疡持续天数,是治疗疱疹性龈口炎的一种有效的治疗方法.     

口炎清冲剂联合多功能频谱治疗仪治疗复发性口腔溃疡151例

目的 研究多功能频谱治疗仪联合复方中药制剂口炎清冲剂对复发性口腔溃疡的治疗作用. 方法 选取临床常见的复发性口腔溃疡患者295例,随机分为治疗组151例和对照组144例. 对照组给予头孢拉定胶囊,每次0.5 g,tid,复方氯己定含漱液(口泰)漱口, bid,每次含漱2 min. 治疗组采用多功能频谱治疗仪+口炎清冲剂. 多功能频谱治疗仪：220 V,50 Hz,20 W,低档进行治疗,bid,每次10 min. 口炎清冲剂,po,bid,每次1包. 观察其促进溃疡愈合的作用. 结果 治疗组患者疼痛改善非常明显,在第3天疼痛即明显减轻,第5天疼痛基本消失,而对照组则在第5天疼痛开始逐渐减轻,第7天仍然有部分患者感觉疼痛. 治疗组溃疡面积明显缩小,在第3,5,7天溃疡面积的缩小与对照组比较差异有显著性. 治疗组从第4天开始有患者溃疡完全愈合,而对照组从第7天才开始有患者溃疡愈合. 治疗组第10天愈合率达到89.4%,对照组仅为70.1%,两组差异有显著性(P＜0.05). 结论 多功能频谱治疗仪和口炎清冲剂联合应用对复发性口腔溃疡有较好的疗效.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.