高效液相色谱法测定消毒饮优化方胶囊中的异嗪皮啶

目的 建立消毒饮优化方胶囊中异嗪皮啶的HPLC测定方法。方法 采用phenomenex Synergi 4 u Fusion-RP 80A柱（250 mm×4.60 mm,4 μm）,流动相为乙腈-1%磷酸（20∶80）,体积流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温为40 ℃,检测波长为342 nm。结果 异嗪皮啶进样量在0.100 0～1.000 0 μg与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r＝0.999 9）,平均回收率为95.04%,RSD＝1.84%（n＝6）。结论 该方法操作简便、准确、专属性强、重复性好,可用于消毒饮优化方胶囊中异嗪皮啶的含量测定。     

白蔹药材中大黄素含量的反相高效液相色谱法测定

目的 建立白蔹药材中大黄素含量的测定方法,为完善白蔹药材的质量控制标准提供方法和依据。方法 采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱：Apollo-C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）;流动相：甲醇-0.2%磷酸（85:15）;流速：1.0 ml/min;柱温：室温;检测波长：220 nm。结果 在选定的色谱条件下,白蔹药材中大黄素在0.124～3.968 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,直线回归方程为Y=53 962X–966.46,r=0.999 7,平均回收率为99.7%,RSD为2.5%（n=9）。结论 该方法所测结果准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于白蔹药材中大黄素的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定壮骨颗粒中补骨脂素与异补骨脂素的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定壮骨颗粒中补骨脂素和异补骨脂素的含量。方法 色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为甲醇-水（45：55）,检测波长为245 nm,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为25 ℃,进样量为10 μl。采用70%乙醇水浴方法提取壮骨颗粒中的补骨脂素和异补骨脂素。结果 补骨脂素与异补骨脂素在3.75~40 μg/ml范围内呈良好的线性关系,对方法精密度（n=6）、重复性（n=6）和稳定性（12 h）进行考察,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于2%。加样回收率（n=6）为94%~105%。结论 该测定方法简便、快速、准确,可用于壮骨颗粒的临床快速质量控制。     

高效液相法测定陈皮药渣中橙皮苷含量

摘 要 目的:通过对陈皮药材及药渣中橙皮苷含量进行比较分析,为陈皮药渣的二次开发提供依据。方法: 色谱柱:Eclipse XDB- C₁₈(280 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)流动相：甲醇∶水∶冰醋酸（30∶66∶4）;流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;检测波长：283 nm。结果:橙皮苷与其它色谱峰分离良好。橙皮苷的线性范围在0.42～4.20 μg,r=0.999 7。陈皮药材的平均加样回收率为98.5%,RSD=2.12%(n=6);陈皮药渣的平均加样回收率为98.1%,RSD=2.35%(n=6)。结论:陈皮药渣中橙皮苷的提取量为陈皮药材中橙皮苷的提取量52%,表明陈皮药渣具有二次开发利用的价值。     

强力脑清素片的质量控制研究

目的 通过薄层色谱（TLC）法、高效液相色谱（HPLC）法以及指纹图谱的建立对强力脑清素片进行质量控制。方法 采用TLC对强力脑清素片中的主要组分刺五加浸膏、五味子流浸膏和鹿茸精进行定性鉴别,以HPLC对君药刺五加浸膏中主要有效成分紫丁香苷、刺五加苷E、异嗪皮啶同时进行定量测定,并利用HPLC对强力脑清素片建立指纹图谱。结果 强力脑清素片TLC色谱中的斑点清晰,与对照品斑点颜色一致。HPLC法测定强力脑清素片中紫丁香苷、刺五加苷E、异嗪皮啶分别在22.74～454.80、16.112～322.240、4.152～83.040 μg/mL线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为95.48%、98.22%、100.75%,质量分数分别为0.42～0.65、0.12～0.15、0.26～0.37 mg/片。指纹图谱的相似度>0.95,指认出6个共有成分,分别为刺五加浸膏中紫丁香苷、异嗪皮啶、刺五加苷E;五味子流浸膏中五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素。结论 TLC、HPLC结合指纹图谱方法对强力脑清素片能实现全面的质量控制,且操作简便、重现性良好。     

HPLC同时测定不同产地番石榴叶药材中4种黄酮类成分含量

目的 建立同时测定不同产地番石榴叶药材中金丝桃苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷、槲皮素含量的方法。方法 采用色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸水（梯度洗脱）,流速为1 mL·min^-1,柱温为35℃,检测波长为360 nm,进样量10µL。结果 金丝桃苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷、槲皮素检测进样量线性范围分别为0.155~3.100 μg （r=1.000 0）,0.159~3.182 μg （r=0.999 8）,0.180~3.601 μg （r=0.999 8）,0.007~0.135 μg （r=1.000 0）;精密度,稳定性,重复性试验的RSD<2.0%;加样回收率分别为100.32%（RSD=1.44%,n=6）,97.79%（RSD=1.11%,n=6）,100.73%（RSD=1.43%,n=6）,98.33%（RSD=1.48%,n=6）,10批不同产地的番石榴叶药材中4种黄酮类成分含量差异较大。结论 该方法简便、专属性强、准确度高、重复性好,可用于不同产地番石榴叶药材的质量控制。     

红旱莲不同部位金丝桃苷含量测定

目的 比较了红旱莲药材不同部位（茎、叶、花、果）中金丝桃苷的含量差异。方法 采用高效液相色谱法进行测定,采用C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相,360 nm为检测波长,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温30 ℃。结果 金丝桃苷的线性范围为2.904～58.08 μg·mL^-1,相关系数r=0.999 8,平均回收率为 95.1%,RSD为1.3%;红旱莲药材不同部位（茎、叶、花、果）中金丝桃苷的含量分别为0.405、3.221、2.260、0.371 mg·g^-1。结论 红旱莲中不同部位中金丝桃苷含量具有显著差异,叶中含量最高。     

HPLC法测定癃闭舒片中补骨脂素和异补骨脂素

目的 建立癃闭舒片中补骨脂素和异补骨脂素的定量方法。方法 对国内3个企业生产的6个批次的癃闭舒片,采用HPLC法检测,Agilent TC-C₁₈(2)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相是甲醇-水(43:57),体积流量1.0 mL/min,检测波长为246 nm,柱温30℃。结果 补骨脂素回归方程为:Y=84.44X+9.994,r=0.9999(n=12)。异补骨脂素回归方程为:Y=82.434X+8.8952,r=0.9999(n=12)。补骨脂素和异补骨脂素的线性范围均在4.04~151.5μg。结论 本方法操作简便、准确、专属性强、稳定,可用于癃闭舒片中补骨脂素和异补骨脂素的含量测定。     

健脾补肾颗粒的质量标准研究

目的 建立健脾补肾颗粒的质量标准。方法 采用薄层色谱法（TLC）鉴别制剂中黄芪、丹参、党参、陈皮和白芍五味药材。用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定白芍中芍药苷的含量：色谱柱：Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）;流动相：乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱;流速：1.0 ml/min;柱温：25℃;检测波长：230 nm。结果 5种药材的TLC图谱斑点清晰,无阴性对照干扰;芍药苷在8.676~277.632 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,（r=0.999 9）。结论 该法操作简单、重复性好,能够有效控制健脾补肾颗粒的质量。     

HPLC同时测定斑蝥酸钠维生素B6注射液中斑蝥酸钠和维生素B6的含量

目的 建立斑蝥酸钠维生素B₆注射液中斑蝥酸钠和维生素B₆含量的同时测定方法。方法 采用HPLC，色谱柱为Syncronis C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），流动相为0.02 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾溶液（磷酸调pH值至2.6）-乙腈，梯度洗脱，流速为1.0 mL·min^-1，检测波长为193，290 nm，波长切换法，柱温：30℃。结果 斑蝥酸钠回归方程为Y=1.926X+0.010（r=0.999 7），在0.064 6~0.322 8 mg·mL^-1内斑蝥酸钠与峰面积的线性关系良好，平均回收率为98.9%，RSD为1.2%（n=9）。维生素B₆回归方程为Y=24.153X+0.670（r=0.999 9），在0.535 9~2.679 7 mg·mL^-1内维生素B₆与峰面积的线性关系良好，平均回收率为100.2%，RSD为1.0%（n=9）；仪器精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均<2.0%。结论 所建立的方法结果准确、重复性好，可用于斑蝥酸钠维生素B₆注射液的质量控制。     

Heteroplasmic mitochondrial disease in Dictyostelium discoideum

The bewildering complexity of the relationship between genotype and phenotype in human mitochondrial diseases has delayed an understanding of the related cytopathological mechanisms. To explore the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction in Dictyostelium discoideum and the related cytopathologies, we determined whether the phenotypic outcomes were similar regardless of which D. discoideum mitochondrial gene was targeted for disruption. The disruption of the mitochondrial genes resulted in a similar pattern of phenotypes to those caused by other mitochondrial defects. These include impairment of phototaxis, multicellular development and growth on plates and in liquid medium. As the reduced growth rates could have been due to defective phagocytic or macropinocytic nutrient uptake, these processes were tested but found to be unaffected. Since mitochondria have been associated with Legionella pathogenesis of human macrophages, it was also determined if mitochondrially diseased Dictyostelium strains were better or worse than healthy cells at supporting the growth of Legionella pneumophila. The results revealed that the mitochondrially diseased strains supported greater L. pneumophila growth than the wild type Dictyostelium strain (AX2). Quantitative Northern blotting showed a significant reduction in the level of expression of the entire mitochondrial genome, regardless of which mitochondrial gene was targeted for disruption, suggesting a generalized deficiency in mitochondrial gene expression and function. The phenotypic outcomes were the same as those shown previously to result from chronic hyperactivity of the energy-sensing protein kinase, AMPK, after knockdown of mitochondrial chaperonin 60.     

A new lignan from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphanamixis polystachya</Emphasis>

A new lignan, polystachyol (1), two lignan glycosides, lyoniside (2) and nudiposide (3), and a sterol, ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (4), with stigmasterol, and oleic and linoleic acids, have been isolated from an MeOH extract of the dried bark of Aphanamixis polystachya. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The compounds did not have growth inhibitory activity against HeLa cells.     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱。方法 采用Agilent SB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30 ℃,洗脱时间为80 min。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2004A版）对检测出色谱进行指纹图谱相似度评价。结果 建立了鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了20个共有峰,15个峰归属到各药材,其中5个峰确认了化学成分;10批样品的指纹图谱的整体相似度与对照图谱比较,均在90%以上。结论 所建立的鼻渊净胶囊指纹图谱有助于从整体上控制该制剂的质量。     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

包公藤甲素类似物的合成

包公藤甲素(简称包甲素)系从包公藤茎中分离的一个新生物碱,其结构为2β-羟基-6β-乙酰氧基-N-去甲托品烷(1),为一强效M-胆碱受体激动剂,已用于青光眼治疗。项中等已报道了不同的合成方法,合成品为外消旋体,合成步骤长、收率很低。     

INDIRECT PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF THE CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC SUBSTANCE / -SOTALOLIN VITRO: REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYMES FROM BLOOD AND THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Inhibitory effects of the class III antiarrhythmic compound / -sotalol on acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) isoenzymes of both erythrocytes and the human caudate nucleus and on serum cholinesterase (ChE; EC 3.1.1.8) were studiedin vitrousing a spectrophotometric kinetic assay with acetylthiocholine (ASCh) as substrate. Sotalol concentrations in the assays varied from 0.32 to 3.2m . All isoenzymes studied were inhibited by / -sotalol in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. Double reciprocal plots of the reaction velocity against varying ASCh concentrations revealed that / -sotalol reduced substrate affinity (apparent Michaelis constant, KM, increased) of serum ChE, but did not change the enzyme's maximal rate of ASCh hydrolysis (V_max). Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of serum ChE was of the competitive type (rate constant for reversible competitive inhibition: K_i=0.51m ). In contrast, / sotalol reduced the maximal reaction velocity of the AChE isoenzyme from the central nervous system (caudate nucleus), but had no influence on substrate affinity of the enzyme (K_Mwith ASCh unchanged) indicating purely non-competitive inhibition kinetics (rate constant of reversible non-competitive inhibition: K_i′=0.44m ). / -sotalol inhibition of erythrocyte AChE was of mixed competitive/non-competitive type (K_i=0.31m , K_i′=0.49m ). Non-competitive / -sotalol inhibition of caudate nucleus AChE and the non-competitive component of erythrocyte AChE inhibition cannot be overcome by increased concentrations of the cholinergic transmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Peak / -sotalol plasma levels as described in the literature for both humans (15μ ) and experimental animals (dogs: 18μ ; rats: 260μ ) as well as maximal myocardial concentrations of the substance (dogs: 46μ ; rats: 478μ ) are in the range of about 2% to 100% of the sotalol inhibition rate constants determined in the present paper for cholinesterase isoenzymesin vitro. Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of ACh hydrolysisin vivomay contribute to both the well known antiarrhythmic potential and proarrhythmic side effects of the compound.