当归-赤芍配伍对热毒血瘀证模型大鼠的影响

目的 研究当归与赤芍配伍前后及配伍方式对热毒血瘀证模型大鼠的血液流变学及血清IL-6、TNF-α的影响。方法 140只SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为14组,即空白组,模型组,当归单煎液高、中、低剂量组,赤芍单煎液高、中、低剂量组,当归-赤芍合煎液高、中、低剂量组,当归-赤芍单煎合并液高、中、低剂量组。给药组连续灌胃给药14 d,第12天采用角叉菜胶（carrageenan,Ca）与脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）联合制备大鼠热毒血瘀证模型,检测其血液流变学（全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞比容、红细胞变形指数、红细胞聚集指数）、凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间以及炎性因子（IL-6、TNF-α）。结果 与模型组相比,当归-赤芍合煎液高、中剂量组可显著降低各切变率下的全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞比容以及红细胞变形指数（P<0.05或P<0.01）,可显著增加凝血酶原时间及活化部分凝血活酶时间（P<0.01）,同时显著降低IL-6水平与TNF-α水平（P<0.01）。结论 当归-赤芍药对以合煎的方式配伍,能够明显改善Ca-LPS诱导的热毒血瘀证大鼠的血液流变学、凝血功能的异常变化,同时可调节炎性因子水平的异常升高,效果优于单味药。     

三七活血片治疗急性软组织损伤的机制探讨

摘 要 目的： 研究三七活血片对急性软组织损伤的治疗作用及其机制。方法: 140只大鼠分为空白组,模型组,阳性药对照组,三七活血片低、中、高剂量组(0.5,1.0,2.0 g·kg^-1),建立大鼠急性软组织损伤模型,于给药d3和d5,取大鼠损伤组织测定前列腺素（PGE2）、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、一氧化氮(NO)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量;给药d5,观察三七活血片对大鼠全血黏度、血浆黏度的影响。结果: 与模型组比较,三七活血片可明显降低大鼠受伤组织中NO、PGE₂与IL-6水平;升高组织中SOD水平;可明显降低血液黏度和血浆黏度(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:三七活血片对大鼠急性软组织损伤有较好的治疗和修复作用,其治疗机制可能与抑制受伤局部组织细胞释放的自由基、PGE₂、IL-6的含量,提高局部血液流变有关。     

灵仙新苷对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的 考察灵仙新苷对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤（MIRI）的保护作用,并阐述可能的作用机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为6组：假手术组、模型组、丹参酮Ⅱ_A（阳性药,16 mg/kg）组和灵仙新苷低、中、高（8、16、32 mg/kg）组,连续ig给药7 d;采用结扎冠状动脉左前降支法制备大鼠MIRI模型,缺血40 min再灌120 min;试剂盒法检测MIRI大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-6（IL-6）水平;TTC染色法检测心肌梗死率,流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡率;Western blotting法检测心肌组织中Bcl-2、Bax、TNF-α及Caspase-3的蛋白表达水平。结果 与模型组比较,灵仙新苷（8、16、32 mg/kg）显著降低MIRI模型大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平,心肌梗死率和心肌细胞凋亡率;明显上调Bcl-2蛋白表达水平,下调Bax、TNF-α、Caspase-3蛋白表达水平,且均具有显著性差异（P<0.05、0.01）。结论 灵仙新苷对MIRI大鼠心肌具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制TNF-α,调节Bcl-2/Bax蛋白平衡,减少MIRI诱导的心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

注射用丹参多酚酸对角叉菜胶诱导的慢性尾部血栓小鼠的抗炎性血栓作用研究

目的 通过ip角叉菜胶（Ca）溶液建立小鼠慢性尾部血栓模型,尾iv给予注射用丹参多酚酸（SAFI）,探究其抗炎症血栓作用。方法 将168只KM雄性小鼠随机分为6组：对照组,模型组,SAFI低、中、高剂量（8.365、16.730、33.460 mg·kg^-1）组,造模同时给药组（即造模的同时予以SAFI给药,其余组于造模后给药,16.730 mg·kg^-1）。连续4 d ip 0.06% Ca（10 mL·kg^-1）制备血栓模型,4 d后,对照组和模型组尾iv 0.9%氯化钠注射液,其余各组分别尾iv相应剂量的SAFI,每天1次,给药7 d。给药开始后每天记录各组小鼠的出栓情况;给药结束后各组小鼠摘眼球取血,试剂盒法检测血清中6-酮-前列腺素F1α（6-keto-PGF1α）、血栓素B2（TXB2）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平,取尾部组织进行病理切片,HE染色观察组织损伤。结果 模型组小鼠出栓率随时间延长增加,在给药第5天出栓率达到100%;SAFI各剂量组小鼠出栓率均低于同一天的模型组,且低、中、高剂量组小鼠出栓率结果存在一定的剂量相关性;造模同时给药组出栓率均低于同一天的模型组,且相比于同一剂量（中剂量组）出栓率更低。与模型组比较,SAFI中、高剂量组和造模同时给药组血清中TXB2水平显著降低（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001）,6-keto-PGF1α水平显著升高（P＜0.01、0.001）; SAFI低剂量组小鼠血清IL-6水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,中、高剂量组和造模同时给药组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平显著降低（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001）; SAFI高剂量组、造模同时给药组血栓情况均明显改善。结论 ip 0.06% Ca制备的炎症血栓小鼠模型稳定、可靠,SAFI能改善炎症血栓小鼠血清中6-keto-PGF1α、TXB2、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平,有效缓解炎性因子导致的血栓症状。     

白头翁皂苷B4栓剂治疗大鼠痔疮的药效学研究

目的 探究白头翁皂苷B₄栓剂对冰醋酸、巴豆油及细菌所致痔疮模型大鼠的治疗作用。方法 应用混合脂肪酸甘油酯36型号和38型号制备含白头翁皂苷B₄ 5、10、20 mg·粒^-1的栓剂。分别用冰醋酸、巴豆油、细菌建立急性痔疮大鼠模型,每种模型制备完成后大鼠均随机分为模型组、空白栓剂组、马应龙麝香痔疮膏（阳性药,1 g·kg^-1）组和白头翁皂苷B₄栓剂（5、10、20 mg·粒^-1）组,每组10只,对照组未经任何处理。白头翁皂苷B₄栓剂各剂量组每天给药2次,给药3 d,共6次;马应龙麝香痔疮膏每天1次,给药3 d,共3次。3 d后取大鼠肛门组织,HE染色后比较各组大鼠肛周组织病理形态学变化;血常规检测仪检测血液中白细胞（WBC）、中性粒细胞（NEUT）、淋巴细胞（LYMPH）水平;ELISA法检测大鼠血清和肛门组织中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。结果 与模型组比较,白头翁皂苷B₄栓剂明显改善大鼠肛周组织充血肿胀及肛周组织病变,显著降低血液中WBC、LYMPH和NEUT水平,显著抑制血清和组织中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001）。结论 白头翁皂苷B₄栓剂能有效改善急性痔疮模型大鼠的组织病变,调节免疫细胞,抑制炎症因子反应,对急性痔疮具有治疗作用。     

血三七水煎液对局灶性脑缺血大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的 观察血三七水煎液对局灶性脑缺血大鼠血液流变学的影响。方法 除对照组外,其余大鼠均采用结扎颈外动脉建立大鼠大脑中动脉局灶性脑缺血模型,造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组,假手术组,血三七水煎液高、中、低剂量（15、10、5 g/kg）组和脑心通胶囊组（0.5 g/kg）,1次/d,给药21 d后取血,测定全血黏度、全血还原黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、红细胞刚性指数和红细胞电泳指数等血液流变学指标。结果 与模型组比较,各给药组的全血黏度、全血还原黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、红细胞刚性指数和红细胞电泳指数均不同程度地降低,且血三七水煎液高、中剂量组的作用效果与脑心通胶囊组相当。结论 血三七水煎液可以改善局灶性脑缺血大鼠血液流变学的相关指标。     

血府逐瘀口服液联合生长抑素治疗急性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的 探讨血府逐瘀口服液联合生长抑素治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2012年10月-2014年4月内蒙古医科大学附属医院收治的急性胰腺炎患者98例,随机分成治疗组（49例）和对照组（49例）,对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予注射用生长抑素0.25 mg/h,经微泵持续静脉泵注;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服血府逐瘀口服液,10 mL/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗7 d。观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较两组腹痛缓解时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、血尿淀粉酶正常时间、白细胞计数恢复时间、并发症发生率等临床指标以及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、血浆内皮素（ET）、血栓素B₂（TXB₂）及6-酮前列腺素-F1α（6-keto-F1α）的水平变化。结果 治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为95.92%、85.71%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗组患者在腹痛缓解时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、血尿淀粉酶恢复时间、白细胞计数恢复时间、并发症发生率方面均显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组患者的TNF-α、IL-1β、ET、TXB₂、6-keto-PGF1α均较治疗前有显著降低,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P<0.05、0.01）。治疗后,治疗组这些指标明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05、0.01）。结论 血府逐瘀口服液联合生长抑素对急性胰腺炎有较好的临床疗效,可能与减轻患者的炎症反应,改善微循环有关。     

荜铃胃痛颗粒抗实验性胃溃疡作用研究

目的 探究荜铃胃痛颗粒对乙醇诱导胃溃疡模型大鼠的保护作用。方法 SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及荜铃胃痛颗粒低、中、高剂量（0.79、1.58、3.16 g·kg^-1）组和西咪替丁（42.00 mg·kg^-1,阳性药）组,每组8只;各组均按剂量预给药8 d,对照组和模型组大鼠ig等体积0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）溶液。末次给药30 min后,除对照组外,其余大鼠ig给予1 mL无水乙醇造模,1 h后牺牲动物取材;展开胃黏膜面拍照,测量溃疡面积,取部分胃组织进行HE染色;检测血清中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平,检测胃组织中髓过氧化物酶（MPO）和前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）水平。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠胃溃疡面积和胃黏膜病理评分显著升高（P<0.001）,大鼠血清中IL-1β（P<0.01）和TNF-α（P<0.05）水平均显著升高,大鼠胃组织MPO活力显著升高（P<0.001）,大鼠胃组织中PGE₂水平显著降低（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠胃溃疡面积和胃黏膜病理评分显著降低（P<0.05、0.01、0.001）。与模型组比较,荜铃胃痛颗粒组大鼠血清IL-1β和TNF-α水平显著降低（P<0.05、0.001）,胃组织中MPO活力显著降低（P<0.01、0.001）,血清SOD活力显著升高（P<0.05）;胃组织PGE₂水平显著增加（P<0.05）。结论 荜铃胃痛颗粒可通过抑制炎症因子分泌、缓解机体氧化应激、保护胃黏膜等发挥对胃溃疡模型大鼠的保护作用。     

间充质干细胞注射液对大鼠膝骨关节炎的影响

目的 研究间充质干细胞注射液（MSCsI）对手术法诱导的大鼠膝骨关节炎的治疗作用。方法 自70只大鼠中随机取8只为假手术组，其余62只动物均进行右侧膝关节单侧手术造模。术后4周，进行X光检查并进行K-L评分，选择模型成功、状态良好的模型动物40只，根据K-L评分随机分为模型组、玻璃酸钠（阳性药，每关节腔0.5 mg玻璃酸钠注射液）组和MSCsI低、中、高剂量（每关节腔1.5×10⁵、5.0×10⁵、1.5×10⁶个细胞）组，每组8只。分组后次日开始，玻璃酸钠组每周1次，其余各组每2周1次，关节腔内注射给药，持续5周，假手术组与模型组给予等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液。使用X射线机检测大鼠膝关节病变；给药后记录大鼠行为学及痛阈变化；剖杀时记录关节软骨大体评分；试剂盒法检测血清中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、转化生长因子β（TGF-β）、II型胶原C端肽（CTX-Ⅱ）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）水平；取膝关节组织进行病理切片，HE染色、甲苯胺蓝染色观察组织损伤。结果 与模型组相比，MSCsI高剂量显著降低大鼠X光评分（P<0.05）、降低大鼠关节软骨大体观察评分（P<0.05）；给药4周后，MSCsI低、中、高剂量显著降低大鼠行为学评分（P<0.05、0.01），中、高剂量显著升高大鼠痛阈值（P<0.01）；MSCsI低剂量显著降低血清中IL-1β水平、升高TGF-β水平（P<0.05），中剂量显著降低血清中IL-1β、IL-6、CTX-Ⅱ水平、升高TGF-β水平（P<0.05、0.01），高剂量显著降低血清中IL-1β、IL-6、CTX-Ⅱ、PGE₂水平、升高TGF-β水平（P<0.05、0.01）；HE染色结果显示，MSCsI各剂量能有效减轻模型大鼠组织病理学改变，滑膜、软骨及软骨下骨病变较轻；甲苯胺蓝染色显示，MSCsI各剂量可减小模型大鼠软骨基质损伤。结论 MSCsI每2周1次关节腔内注射对手术诱导的大鼠膝骨关节炎有明显的治疗作用。     

安络小皮伞醇提取物对神经病理性疼痛模型大鼠的镇痛作用研究

目的 研究安络小皮伞醇提取物（MAEE）对坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤（CCI）所致神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛作用并探索其作用机制。方法 40只成年SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组及MAEE高、中、低剂量（800、400、200 mg/kg）组,每组8只。CCI术后14 d,连续ig给药7 d。于1、3、5、7 d给药后2 h测定大鼠机械痛阈（MWT）值和热痛阈（TWL）值,并在停药后连续测定3 d。于给药7 d后,取各组大鼠脊髓L₄-L₆节段,ELISA及实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）的表达,Western blotting法检测MAPK家族蛋白p-ERK、p-p38、p-JNK的表达变化。结果 与模型组比较,连续7 d给予MAEE能够剂量依赖性的缓解CCI诱导的大鼠机械学过敏及热痛学超敏（P<0.05、0.01）;下调CCI大鼠脊髓L₄-L₆节段炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β的水平以及p-ERK、p-p38、p-JNK的蛋白表达（P<0.05、0.01）。结论 MAEE剂量依赖性的缓解CCI诱导的机械学超敏及热痛学过敏,该作用可能与其抑制CCI大鼠脊髓TNF-α、IL-1β等炎性细胞因子的表达及降低MAPK磷酸化蛋白表达相关。     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱.方法 采用Agilent SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃,洗脱时间为80 min.采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)对检测出色谱进行...     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

包公藤甲素类似物的合成

包公藤甲素(简称包甲素)系从包公藤茎中分离的一个新生物碱,其结构为2β-羟基-6β-乙酰氧基-N-去甲托品烷(1),为一强效M-胆碱受体激动剂,已用于青光眼治疗。项中等已报道了不同的合成方法,合成品为外消旋体,合成步骤长、收率很低。     

INDIRECT PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF THE CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC SUBSTANCE / -SOTALOLIN VITRO: REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYMES FROM BLOOD AND THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Inhibitory effects of the class III antiarrhythmic compound / -sotalol on acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) isoenzymes of both erythrocytes and the human caudate nucleus and on serum cholinesterase (ChE; EC 3.1.1.8) were studiedin vitrousing a spectrophotometric kinetic assay with acetylthiocholine (ASCh) as substrate. Sotalol concentrations in the assays varied from 0.32 to 3.2m . All isoenzymes studied were inhibited by / -sotalol in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. Double reciprocal plots of the reaction velocity against varying ASCh concentrations revealed that / -sotalol reduced substrate affinity (apparent Michaelis constant, KM, increased) of serum ChE, but did not change the enzyme's maximal rate of ASCh hydrolysis (V_max). Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of serum ChE was of the competitive type (rate constant for reversible competitive inhibition: K_i=0.51m ). In contrast, / sotalol reduced the maximal reaction velocity of the AChE isoenzyme from the central nervous system (caudate nucleus), but had no influence on substrate affinity of the enzyme (K_Mwith ASCh unchanged) indicating purely non-competitive inhibition kinetics (rate constant of reversible non-competitive inhibition: K_i′=0.44m ). / -sotalol inhibition of erythrocyte AChE was of mixed competitive/non-competitive type (K_i=0.31m , K_i′=0.49m ). Non-competitive / -sotalol inhibition of caudate nucleus AChE and the non-competitive component of erythrocyte AChE inhibition cannot be overcome by increased concentrations of the cholinergic transmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Peak / -sotalol plasma levels as described in the literature for both humans (15μ ) and experimental animals (dogs: 18μ ; rats: 260μ ) as well as maximal myocardial concentrations of the substance (dogs: 46μ ; rats: 478μ ) are in the range of about 2% to 100% of the sotalol inhibition rate constants determined in the present paper for cholinesterase isoenzymesin vitro. Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of ACh hydrolysisin vivomay contribute to both the well known antiarrhythmic potential and proarrhythmic side effects of the compound.     

7α-和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-△4-雌甾烯-3酮的抗早孕作用

7α-和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-△⁴-雌甾烯-3酮(简称7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮)对小鼠抗早孕ED₅₀分别为1.6和5.5 mg/kg。7α-甲-乙氧雌酮在大鼠也有抗早孕作用并使血浆孕酮浓度降低,应用10 μg/ml浓度能抑制离体妊娠大鼠卵巢孕酮合成。7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮与兔子宫胞浆雌二醇受体的相对结合亲和力(RBA)分别为10.8和1.5,与孕酮受体的RBA均<1.7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮都有较弱的雌激素和抗雌激素活性。