新型4-苯胺基喹唑啉类酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的抗肿瘤活性研究

目的 对合成的新型4-苯胺基喹唑啉类酪氨酸激酶抑制剂TYIG1～TYIG9进行抗肿瘤活性研究,为寻找具有靶向抗肿瘤活性的候选化合物提供依据。方法 采用均相时间分辨荧光（HTRF）法对化合物进行EGFR、VEGFR-2两个靶点的体外活性筛选;采用MTS法对化合物进行肿瘤细胞（A431、A549、H1975、MDA-MB-231）增殖抑制的体外活性评价;采用人肺癌H1975细胞的移植瘤裸鼠模型评价其在动物体内抗肿瘤活性。结果 采用HTRF法从合成的一系列化合物中筛选出化合物TYIG4~TYIG9对EGFR、VEGFR-2激酶的活性较好。MTS法检测得到这6个化合物对4种肿瘤细胞（A431、A549、H1975、MDA-MB-231）均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中TYIG6的增殖抑制作用的选择性更为突出;体内试验结果表明TYIG6能够剂量相关性地抑制肿瘤生长,50、100 mg/kg TYIG6对H1975的相对肿瘤抑制率分别为42.59%、34.92%。结论 TYIG6具有良好的体内外抗肿瘤活性,具有成为新型双靶点酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的潜能,有进一步的研究价值。     

以c-Met为靶点的抗肿瘤系列化合物体内外药效筛选

目的　从8个LY系列肝细胞生长因子受体（c-Met）酪氨酸激酶抑制剂中筛选具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物,并进一步评价其体内外抗肿瘤作用。方法　首先采用均相时间分辨荧光技术（HTRF）对LY系列化合物进行初步筛选,观察它们对c-Met酪氨酸激酶的抑制作用;采用CCK8法观察筛选出的活性化合物在体外对人胃癌MKN-45、人神经胶质瘤U87MG、人肾癌Caki-1、人前列腺癌PC-3细胞株的增值抑制作用。建立人恶性胶质母细胞瘤U87MG裸小鼠移植瘤模型,考察活性化合物的抑瘤效果。结果　HTRF结果显示有4个活性较好的化合物（LY22,LY25,LY28,LY32）,其中LY28对c-Met抑制作用优于阳性对照药Crizotinib;CCK8结果显示这些活性化合物对选用的4种靶细胞均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中LY28对肿瘤细胞增殖抑制作用最明显;裸小鼠移植瘤实验显示,LY28可显著抑制U87MG裸小鼠移植瘤的增殖,40 mg/kg LY28抑瘤率达到78.13%。结论　化合物LY28具有较好抗肿瘤活性,具有进一步研发的价值。     

新型表皮生长因子受体抑制剂抗T790M型非小细胞肺癌作用

目的观察7个FCN系列表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对H1975细胞体内外抗肿瘤作用。方法采用非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)H1975细胞(T790M突变)和人表皮鳞癌A431细胞(WT-EGFR)体外增殖抑制试验对7个FCN系列化合物进行筛选,得到抗肿瘤活性强且选择性更好的化合物。通过细胞划痕实验、流式细胞术分别测定化合物对细胞迁移能力、细胞周期和凋亡的影响,通过H1975细胞裸鼠移植瘤实验明确化合物在体内对肿瘤生长的影响。结果 H1975细胞增殖实验筛选出高活性化合物FCN12、FCN14和FCN15,半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为(103.33±12.10)、(115.17±7.69)和(128.63±32.72)nmol·L~(-1);经A431细胞增殖实验筛选出FCN12、FCN14,两者的体外抗细胞增殖抑制活性与对照药AZD9291相当(IC50>2μmol·L~(-1)),并可将H1975细胞阻滞于G1期;与对照药相比,FCN12、FCN14可明显增加细胞凋亡率(P<0.01)和抑制细胞的迁移(P<0.05),且呈浓度依赖性;体内移植瘤实验结果显示FCN12、FCN14可以明显抑制肿瘤的生长并缩小肿瘤体积(P<0.01)。结论新型EGFR抑制剂FCN12、FCN14对EGFR耐药型NSCLC具有显著的体内外抗肿瘤活性。     

多靶点酪氨酸激酶抑制剂舒尼替尼的研究进展

近年来各种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂不断涌现,以酪氨酸激酶抑制剂为代表的分子靶向治疗已成为抗肿瘤研究的热点.舒尼替尼(sunitinib,商品名Sutent)是一种小分子多靶点酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,对血小板衍生生长因子受体(PDGFR)、血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)、干细胞因子受体(C-Kit)等多种受体酪氨酸激酶具有抑制作用,已于2006年1月被美国FDA批准用于临床上晚期肾细胞癌(RCC)和对伊马替尼(ima-tinib)耐药和(或)治疗失败的胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的治疗,并在其他多种肿瘤的临床试验中也显示显著抗肿瘤活性,文中综述了该药的临床前研究及临床研究进展.     

β-榄香烯氨基酸衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的设计合成β-榄香烯氨基酸衍生物,并进行体外、体内抗肿瘤活性研究。方法采用烯丙位的氯代反应合成β-榄香烯氯代物,再与氨基酸甲酯反应合成目标化合物。采用磺酰罗丹明B(SRB)染色法测定目标化合物体外对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用,以小鼠腋下移植瘤为模型进行体内抗肿瘤试验,考察化合物5h对Lew is肺癌LL/2、肝癌H22模型的抑制作用。结果共合成15个β-榄香烯氨基酸和β-榄香烯氨基酸甲酯衍生物,其中12个化合物未见文献报道,合成化合物的结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱确证。大部分目标化合物对人癌细胞HL-60、HeLa、SGC-7901的IC50值低于β-榄香烯。体内试验结果显示,化合物5h对Lewis肺癌LL/2、肝癌H22的生长有显著抑制作用。结论在β-榄香烯结构中引入氨基酸或氨基酸甲酯结构片段有利于提高此类化合物的抗肿瘤活性。     

抗肿瘤药物吉非替尼的研究进展

吉非替尼(gefitinib,Iressa,ZD1839)是一种口服选择性表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂.临床前研究发现它能抑制多种类型肿瘤细胞的生长,临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期研究表明在晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者中,吉非替尼单独应用显示出明显的抗瘤活性并使症状减轻.2003年5月FDA批准其上市.综述了吉非替尼的分子作用机制、体内外抗肿瘤作用以及临床试验等方面的最新进展.     

探析代谢活化在酪氨酸激酶抑制剂所致肝毒性的作用及防治对策

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂作为新型靶向抗肿瘤药物,现已成为恶性肿瘤药物治疗的研究热点。但这类靶向药物会产生一些毒副作用,尤其是肝毒性较为突出。已有文献报道,多种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(吉非替尼、厄洛替尼、埃克替尼、阿法替尼和克唑替尼等)在治疗恶性肿瘤过程中产生显著的肝毒性,严重限制了其临床应用。目前研究认为,代谢活化是酪氨酸激酶抑制剂产生肝毒性的主要诱因。本文综述有关酪氨酸激酶抑制剂引起肝损伤的国内外文献,探析代谢活化导致肝损伤的机制,为酪氨酸激酶抑制剂临床用药提供参考。     

肺癌靶向治疗药物进展

近年来分子靶向治疗是抗肿瘤研究的热点,本文就酪氨酸激酶抑制剂吉非替尼(gefifinib)、小分子TKI化合物tarceva、单克隆抗体西妥昔(cetuximab)、抗肺癌血管生成靶向药物内皮抑素(endostatin)、整合素拮抗剂西仑吉肽(cilengitide)、金属蛋白酶抑制剂(TIMP)等靶向治疗药物做一综述。     

多重靶向的4-取代苯胺喹唑啉类衍生物抗肿瘤活性研究进展

4-取代苯胺喹唑啉类化合物是喹唑啉类酪氨酸激酶抑制剂中活性较高的一类化合物,其对表皮生长因子受体、血管内皮生长因子受体、组蛋白去乙酰化酶等均有抑制作用,已成为抗肿瘤药物的研究热点。综述了近几年多重靶向的4-取代苯胺喹唑啉类化合物抗肿瘤活性的研究进展。     

6-甲氧基-7-苄氧基喹唑啉-4-酮及其有关物质的HPLC法测定

凡德他尼(vandetanib)是由阿斯利康公司研发的小分子多靶点酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,2011年4月获美国FDA批准上市,商品名为Zactima[1,2]。根据凡德他尼的合成工艺[3-5],起始物料6-甲氧基-7-苄氧基喹唑啉-4-酮(6-methoxy-7-benzyloxyquinazolin-4-one,1)是引入终产品的主要结构单元,其质量的优劣可能直接影响凡德他尼的     

甘草、喜树碱配伍应用的抗肿瘤作用研究

目的：研究甘草、喜树碱配伍应用的抗肿瘤作用。应用SRB法对甘草、喜树碱配伍后进行体外抗肿瘤作用研究,对S180荷瘤小鼠的瘤重和H22小鼠的生存时间进行了的观察。甘草、喜树碱配伍后体外对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用明显,并对人成纤维细胞无影响;体内实验表明,甘草、喜树碱能抑制S180小鼠的瘤重,能显著延长H22小鼠的生存时间。提示甘草与喜树碱配伍应用后能增强喜树碱的抗肿瘤作用并能降低其毒性。     

Vandetanib, a novel multitargeted kinase inhibitor, in cancer therapy

In clinical trials thus far, single-targeted kinase inhibitors have shown only limited success in demonstrating survival benefits in cancer. This has led to the development of multitargeted kinase inhibitors capable of disrupting various mitogenic pathways in both cancer cells and associated vasculature. Vandetanib is a novel multitargeted kinase inhibitor exhibiting potent activity against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2; kinase insert domain-containing receptor [KDR]) and, to a lesser extent, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and RET kinase. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGFR-2 play a pivotal role in regulating angiogenesis and vascular permeability in cancers. In addition to its antiangiogenic effects, vandetanib acts against EGFR, which is overexpressed or mutated in several solid tumors. Furthermore, vandetanib exerts activity against oncogenic RET kinase, the overexpression of which is common in medullary and papillary thyroid carcinomas. Therefore, the multitargeted kinase inhibitor vandetanib represents a new approach, targeting both tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells. Preclinical studies of vandetanib have demonstrated antitumor efficacy against multiple human cancer xenografts in subcutaneous, orthotopic and metastatic models. Phase I clinical trials have demonstrated that vandetanib is well tolerated. Common adverse events included rash, diarrhea and asymptomatic QTc prolongation. Phase II clinical studies in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer have shown promising results, employing vandetanib as both monotherapy and in combination with docetaxel. Phase II studies in other cancers have likewise been initiated. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies of vandetanib for the treatment of cancers.     

聚谷氨酸-顺铂复合物的制备及其生物活性

本文介绍了制备一种γ-聚谷氨酸-顺铂复合物，并考察其体外的抗肿瘤活性。主要通过生物发酵法获得γ-聚谷氨酸，酸降解法得到小分子γ-聚谷氨酸；利用PCR方法检测γ-聚谷氨酸-顺铂复合物对DNA的作用；利用MTT法来检测该复合物的体外抗肿瘤作用；利用流式细胞仪检测其对细胞凋亡的作用；利用小鼠体内实验检测其体内毒性作用。实验结果表明：成功获得γ-聚谷氨酸-顺铂复合物，该复合物载药率达10%～12%；该复合物对人肝癌细胞BEL7404、人非小细胞肺癌细胞H446和人结肠癌细胞RKO均具有显著的杀伤作用，能引起细胞凋亡(出现凋亡峰)；并且小鼠体内毒性试验表明该聚谷氨酸-顺铂复合物的毒性要比游离顺铂低。因此，γ-聚谷氨酸-顺铂复合物是一种有效的抗肿瘤药物，具有潜在的临床应用价值；生物发酵的γ-聚谷氨酸可用于药物载体，赋予药物新的特点。     

Vandetanib mediates anti-leukemia activity by multiple mechanisms and interacts synergistically with DNA damaging agents

Vandetanib is an orally active small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with activity against several pathways implicated in malignancy including the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor pathway, the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway, the platelet derived growth factor receptor β pathway, and REarranged during Transfection pathway. To determine if vandetanib-mediated inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases is a potential therapeutic strategy for pediatric acute leukemia, these studies aimed to characterize the activity of vandetanib against acute leukemia in vitro. Treatment of leukemia cell lines with vandetanib resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in proliferation and survival. Vandetanib’s anti-leukemic activity appeared mediated by multiple mechanisms including accumulation in G1 phase at lower concentrations and apoptosis at higher concentrations. Alterations in cell surface markers also occurred with vandetanib treatment, suggesting induction of differentiation. In combination with DNA damaging agents (etoposide and doxorubicin) vandetanib demonstrated synergistic induction of cell death. However in combination with the anti-metabolite methotrexate, vandetanib had an antagonistic effect on cell death. Although several targets of vandetanib are expressed on acute leukemia cell lines, expression of vandetanib targets did not predict vandetanib sensitivity and alone are therefore not likely candidate biomarkers in patients with acute leukemia. Interactions between vandetanib and standard chemotherapy agents in vitro may help guide choice of combination regimens for further evaluation in the clinical setting for patients with relapsed/refractory acute leukemia. Taken together, these preclinical data support clinical evaluation of vandetanib, in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy, for pediatric leukemia.     

参麦注射液的抗肿瘤作用研究

目的 研究参麦注射液体内外抗肿瘤作用.方法 以小鼠肉瘤S180、肝癌H22、Lewis肺癌实体瘤模型考察参麦注射液的体内抑瘤作用;通过MTT法考察参麦注射液体外对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞和人肝癌HepG 2细胞的增殖抑制作用.结果 参麦注射液在体内对小鼠肉瘤S180、肝癌H22、Lewis肺癌均有显著的抑制作用,且呈剂量相关性,中、高剂量抑瘤率可达35％以上;体外对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞和人肝癌HepG 2细胞亦有增殖抑制作用,且呈浓度-时间相关性,48 h的IC50值分别为0.36、0.72 g/mL,72h的IC50值分别为0.21、0.29 g/mL.结论 参麦注射液体内外均有显著的抗肿瘤活性.     

化合物209对人结直肠癌细胞HT-29的体内和体外作用(英文)

化合物209是一个新合成的氨基二硫代甲酸酯类化合物,它在体外水平可以抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,但是化合物209的体内抗肿瘤作用及其抗肿瘤机制并不明确。本文探究了化合物209对人结直肠癌细胞HT-29的作用并初步探讨了相关机制。体外研究表明,化合物209可以显著抑制HT-29细胞的增殖;体内研究结果表明,化合物209可以显著抑制裸鼠HT-29移植瘤的生长,但是对裸鼠体重和白细胞无影响。流式细胞分析实验结果表明,化合物209可将HT-29细胞阻滞于细胞周期的G1期。同时,化合物209能上调体外培养HT-29细胞中p27,cyclin E,CDK2,cyclin D1和CDK4的表达。在体内瘤组织中上述蛋白表达情况与体外实验结果一致。这些结果说明,化合物209具有较好的抗肿瘤活性,其抗肿瘤作用与细胞周期阻滞及其相关蛋白的表达变化有关。     

Antitumor activity of a novel EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor against human lung carcinoma in vitro and in vivo

Summary  Treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has led to dramatic clinical improvement in selected patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, intrinsic and acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI remains a common phenomenon. Novel EGFR-TKI, structurally different with erlotinib or gefitinib might be beneficial for patients with NSCLC. In this study, we examined the antitumor effect of a newly synthesized novel EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Zhao260054). In vitro studies in a panel of four different human lung cancer cell lines revealed that Zhao260054 inhibited cell proliferation with high potency and induced G₀/G₁ arrest of cell cycle and apoptosis. Zhao260054 markedly reduced phosphorylation of EGFR and inhibited activation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Oral administration of Zhao260054 (200 mg/kg/day) to BALB/c nude mice bearing SPC-A1 xenografts significantly retarded tumor growth. In conclusion, Zhao260054 has potent antitumor activity on human lung cancer in vitro and in vivo.     

Ligand-conjugated mesoporous silica nanorattles based on enzyme targeted prodrug delivery system for effective lung cancer therapy

Epidermal growth factor receptor antibody (EGFRAb) conjugated silica nanorattles (SNs) were synthesized and used to develop receptor mediated endocytosis for targeted drug delivery strategies for cancer therapy. The present study determined that the rate of internalization of silica nanorattles was found to be high in lung cancer cells when compared with the normal lung cells. EGFRAb can specifically bind to EGFR, a receptor that is highly expressed in lung cancer cells, but is expressed at low levels in other normal cells. Furthermore, in vitro studies clearly substantiated that the cPLA₂α activity, arachidonic acid release and cell proliferation were considerably reduced by pyrrolidine-2 loaded EGFRAb-SN in H460 cells. The cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were significantly induced by the treatment of pyrrolidine-2 loaded EGFRAb-SN when compared with free pyrrolidine-2 and pyrrolidine-2 loaded SNs in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. An in vivo toxicity assessment showed that silica nanorattles and EGFRAb-SN-pyrrolidine-2 exhibited low systemic toxicity in healthy Balb/c mice. The EGFRAb-SN-pyrrolidine-2 showed a much better antitumor activity (38%) with enhanced tumor inhibition rate than the pyrrolidine-2 on the non-small cell lung carcinoma subcutaneous model. Thus, the present findings validated the low toxicity and high therapeutic potentials of EGFRAb-SN-pyrrolidine-2, which may provide a convincing evidence of the silica nanorattles as new potential carriers for targeted drug delivery systems.