伤椎椎弓根植骨加短节段椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗老年人胸腰椎骨折

背景：传统椎弓根内固定系统加后外侧植骨融合治疗老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折易发生复位角度、高度丢失,迟发性神经损伤,内固定松动。 目的：观察经骨折椎椎弓根植骨联合椎弓根内固定治疗老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的方法和效果。 方法：采用经骨折椎椎弓根植骨结合短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗60岁以上老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者32例。评价患者内固定置入前、后及随访时椎体高度、后凸角、椎管内占位,神经功能改变及腰背疼痛等变化。 结果与结论：32例病例均随访6个月以上。无断钉及内固定物松动,椎体高度、后凸角、椎管内占位、神经功能及腰背疼痛明显改善,且椎体高度、后凸角、椎管内占位无明显再丢失。提示经骨折椎椎弓根植骨联合椎弓根内固定,能同时恢复椎体高度及强度,能即时增加椎体的骨容量和脊柱的稳定性,减少内固定因应力过大造成的断钉、断棒、椎体高度丢失等并发症。     

腰骶移行椎上一节段腰椎的形态学特点及临床意义

目的　研究腰骶移行椎上一节段腰椎的形态特点,为腰骶移行椎合并腰椎滑脱、不稳症时椎弓根螺钉内固定术提供依据。 方法　对59例腰骶移行椎上一节段腰椎标本的矢状径、横径,峡部的高度、厚度;椎弓根的纵径、横径;椎板的高度、厚度;脊椎指数及退变情况等进行观测。 结果　腰骶移行椎上一节段椎体前后径(34.1±2.7)mm,横径(47.5±4.6)mm;峡部高度(12.9±1.6)mm;峡部厚度(9.0±1.2)mm;椎弓根纵径 (10.6±2.4)mm,椎弓根横径 (14.0±2.4)mm;椎板高度(18.2±2.6) mm,椎板厚度 (5.7±1.2)mm。脊椎指数：1：4.35; 81.4%（48例）发生椎体增生,未发现峡部裂。 结论　腰骶移行椎上一节段腰椎椎体各径线及椎弓根横径较正常L4椎体大,可选择直径稍大的椎弓根螺钉;峡部厚度较正常L4增加;峡部不存在发育薄弱和局部缺损。     

短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折的临床应用及疗效.方法采用后路短节段椎弓根钉系统复位固定并经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折35例,分别于术前、术后及随访时测量伤椎前、后缘高度和 Cobb 角,比较植骨后推体高度的恢复度和 Cobb 角的纠正度.结果本组病例均获随访,平均随访时间12.5个月.平均骨折愈合时间5.4个月.全部随访患者未出现断钉、断棒及椎弓根钉拔出.所有病例术后及随访时椎体高度和 Cobb 角均纠正良好,脊柱椎体排列良好,椎体内植骨融合良好.其中11例1年后,10例1年半后取内固定物,取内固定物半年后拍片未见椎体高度丢失和塌陷.结论后路短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折治疗能不仅有效恢复伤椎高度,尽早形成伤椎的骨性愈合,增加伤椎前、中柱的支撑力,重建了伤椎前、中柱的稳定性,而且保留伤椎邻近节段的运动单元功能,恢复脊柱的生理功能,有效防止断钉、内固定物松动、椎体前缘高度丢失、Cobb 角变大、继发腰椎不稳、临近节段间盘退变以及椎管狭窄等并发症的发生.     

椎弓根螺钉置入内固定与单纯椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎滑脱的比较

背景：随着脊柱内固定和脊柱融合技术的发展,脊柱融合已成为腰椎退行性滑脱症毫无争议的“金标准”。同时,邻近节段退行性变的问题引起人们越来越多的关注。 目的：观察椎弓根螺钉内固定置入植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎滑脱的临床疗效、手术节段稳定性及其对相邻节段的影响,并与单纯椎管加压进行对比。 方法：选择天津医科大学总医院骨科收治的退行性腰椎滑脱患者38例,排除失访3例,余35例中采用椎弓根固定后外侧融合21例,单纯椎管减压14例。单纯椎管加压组用咬骨钳咬除黄韧带和椎板解除神经根后方的压迫,用骨凿凿除向前滑脱的椎体后缘与下位相邻椎体后缘形成的相对性突起;椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合组按Wein-stein 法定位椎弓根钉进针,拧入椎弓根螺钉,根据受压情况进行椎板减压。按Oswestry功能障碍指数综合评价临床疗效,观察过伸、过屈位时的水平位移及角移位,采用UCLA系统来评价邻近节段退变情况。 结果与结论：35例患者随访时间1年。椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合组优良率显著高于单纯椎管加压组(P < 0.05)。椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合对腰椎稳定性影响不大,邻近节段退变置入前和置入后1年无明显变化。单纯椎管加压对腰椎稳定性影响显著,同时治疗前和治疗后1年邻近节段退变无明显变化。提示椎弓根螺钉内固定置入植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎滑脱疗效满意,对腰椎稳定性影响小,并且置入后早期对椎间盘的邻近节段影响不大。     

腰椎峡部截骨术联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术16例腰椎管疾病术后随访分析

目的探讨腰椎峡部截骨术联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗腰椎管狭窄及其肿瘤的效果。方法选择16例腰椎管狭窄或腰椎管肿瘤患者,其中男性12例,女性4例;年龄23~67岁,平均年龄43.7岁。峡部截骨节段2节段6例,3节段8例,4节段2例。对其应用腰椎峡部截骨术联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗,术后行腰椎放射学检查了解峡部愈合情况,总结峡部截骨部位骨性愈合的规律。并采用日本矫形外科学会(JOA)评分腰痛和疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分作为手术前后评价标准。应用统计学软件对手术前后各指标进行分析对比。结果所有病例均得到完整随访。随访时间12~30个月,平均随访时间17.9个月。16例患者中优13例,良2例,可1例。末次随访时腰痛VAS评分(3.67±2.35)分,腿痛VAS评分(4.25±3.36)分,JOA评分为(21.36±4.48)分,优良率达90%。手术前后腰痛VAS评分、腿痛VAS评分及JOA评分差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腰椎峡部截骨术联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术为治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄或椎管内肿瘤的有效方法。     

腰椎弓根延长术截骨部位与神经根关系的解剖学研究

目的　观察腰椎弓根延长术截骨部位与其毗邻神经根的解剖关系,为腰椎弓根延长术离断椎弓根提供解剖数据。  方法　16例成人防腐脊柱标本, 自T12~S1去除软组织、棘突、椎板、关节突关节、横突, 充分暴露硬膜囊、神经根和腰椎弓根, 精细磨削椎弓根至椎弓根-椎体连接处,测量该部位椎弓根上缘至上位神经根下缘的间距(PSRD),椎弓根下缘至下位神经根上缘的间距(PIRD),椎弓根内缘至硬膜囊外缘或内侧神经根外缘的间距(PMRD),椎弓根外缘至外位神经根内缘的间距(PLRD),所有解剖参数都做双侧测量。  结果　腰椎弓根至上、下、内、外神经根的间距范围分别是4.9~8.6 mm,1.0~2.5 mm,0~1.6 mm,0.7~11.5 mm,左、右两侧数据无显著性差异(P>0.05),男、女之间数据无显著性差异(P>0.05)。  结论　腰椎弓根截骨延长时,截骨部位的内缘和下缘毗邻的神经根相对于上缘和外缘损伤可能性大,透视下对椎弓根内缘和下缘截骨时要十分小心。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定联合椎体成形修复单节段胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂性骨折

背景：对于椎管内有骨块占位的骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂性骨折,单纯椎体成形术难以解除椎管内占位及纠正脊柱后凸畸形,且骨水泥渗漏发生率高,使其成为其应用的相对禁忌证,而传统椎弓根螺钉系统固定存在手术创伤大、螺钉松动及椎体高度丢失等问题。 目的：观察经肌间隙入路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定联合椎体成形治疗单节段胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂性骨折的疗效。 方法：回顾分析经肌间隙入路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定联合椎体成形治疗单节段胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂性骨折患者31例。内固定后通过疼痛目测类比评分评估腰背部疼痛情况、ODI评分评估腰背部功能情况、SF-36健康调查评分表评估生活质量、胸腰椎正侧位片评估伤椎椎体前缘高度比值、伤椎Cobb角改善情况、Frankel评分评估神经功能情况及并发症。 结果与结论：内固定置入过程均顺利完成,未发生脊髓神经损伤。所有患者随访12-36个月,平均24.5个月,伤椎均达满意复位,平均伤椎椎体前缘高度及Cobb角得到明显改善,腰背部疼痛明显缓解,腰背部功能明显改善,生活质量明显提高,以上所有指标治疗后均显著改善,与治疗前比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),内固定后1周和内固定后1年比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。内固定后2例患者出现骨水泥渗漏,其中椎体前缘及椎间隙处少量骨水泥渗漏各1例,但均无临床症状。随访期间,无内固定松动、断裂等,无新发骨折。说明联合应用后路经肌间隙入路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定及伤椎椎体成形,不仅能有效恢复并维持伤椎椎体高度及强度,重建脊柱稳定性,明显缓解腰背部疼痛,还可以使患者获得满意的腰背部功能,显著提高生存质量,是治疗伴椎管内占位的骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的有效方法。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

单节段经椎弓根椎体截骨术治疗强直性脊柱炎

目的总结单节段经椎弓根椎体截骨术治疗强直性脊柱后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法 2005~2010采取单节段经椎弓根椎体截骨术治疗20例强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形患者。术前、术后均行胸腰椎X线检查,评定胸腰段Cobb角矫正情况、植骨愈合情况、临床疗效、内固定位置及手术并发症。结果无术中死亡及术后感染,术中2例患者硬膜破裂,术后1例患者麻痹性肠梗阻,2例出现短暂不全瘫。随访15~60个月,后凸畸形均获明显矫正,胸腰段Cobb角平均矫正35.6°,矫正前后有显著性差异﹙<0.05﹚。末次随访无内固定断裂、脱出,均达骨性融合。结论单节段经椎弓根椎体截骨术治疗强直性脊柱脊柱后凸畸形,矫形效果及临床疗效满意。     

新型防神经根损伤双螺纹椎弓根螺钉解剖学依据

目的　通过测量正常人双侧的胸椎及腰椎椎体解剖学参数,为新型防神经根损伤双螺纹椎弓根螺钉的设计提供理论依据。 方法　纳入200例健康志愿者,在仰卧位CT片上测量胸椎T1~12及腰椎L1~5椎弓根螺钉进钉路径的分段长度（椎体段、椎弓根段和椎板段）、进钉外展角及椎弓根峡部宽度和高度。计算各解剖参数的均值和标准差。 结果　纳入胸椎志愿者100人,平均年龄31.21岁,腰椎志愿者100人,平均年龄31.05岁。胸椎组螺钉椎体段长度为左侧（19.09±2.36）mm,右侧（19.77±2.54）mm;螺钉椎弓根段长度为左侧（7.67±1.19）mm,右侧（8.17±1.16）mm;螺钉椎板段长度为左侧（9.94±2.02）mm,右侧（9.06±1.71）mm;进钉外展角为左侧（8.61± 2.57）°,右侧（8.44±2.71）°;椎弓根峡部宽度为左侧（8.44 ± 2.71）mm,右侧（5.95 ± 1.16）mm;椎弓根峡部高度为左侧（11.76±1.86）mm,右侧（11.79±2.24）mm。腰椎组螺钉椎体段长度为左侧（26.99 ± 3.37）mm,右侧（27.06±3.24）mm;椎弓根段长度为左侧（10.00±1.58）mm,右侧（10.37 ± 1.53）mm;椎板段长度为左侧（12.74±2.16）mm,右侧（13.96±2.46）mm;进钉外展角为左侧（16.16±2.93）°,右侧（16.31±3.05）°;椎弓根峡部宽度为左侧（9.72±1.59）mm,右侧（9.45±1.84）mm;椎弓根峡部高度为左侧（14.50±2.83）mm,右侧（14.05±2.39）mm,胸椎与腰椎螺钉椎体段长度、椎弓根段长度、椎板段长度、进钉外展角各参数对比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,T1~L5椎弓根峡部高度分别与椎弓根峡部宽度比较,有统计学差异（P<0.05）。 结论　通过对正常人群胸椎及腰椎椎骨较为细致的相关解剖学测量,可获得设计新型双螺纹椎弓根螺钉的较准确依据。     

椎弓根的解剖学观测与临床意义

目的 为临床脊柱手术提供形态学资料.方法 对36具成人尸体的整体脊柱标本,使用游标卡尺测量C_3～L_5椎弓根的高和宽.分别计算各节段椎弓根高和宽的均值和标准差,并分段计算颈椎(C_3～C_7)、胸椎、腰椎各段椎弓根高和宽的平均值.结果 C_3～C_7的高和宽分别为6.77mm和5.50mm;胸椎分别为12.30mm和6.37mm;腰椎平均值分别为15.97mm和9.41mm.结论 提供国人椎弓根的解剖学资料,为临床椎弓根螺钉内固定提供应用解剖学基础.     

Fine structure of the merozoite of a haemogregarine from the testis of a lizard

In the course of our studies on the fine structure ofKaryolysus sp. of the rock lizardsLacerta saxicola nairensis from Armenia, we observed that the host was simulataneously infected by another apicomplexan organism. A large meront, about 31.09 μm in diameter, containing more than 40 merozoites was found in the testis of the lizard. Of special interest was the presence of crystalloid bodies in the majority of the merozoites examined. Analysis of the fine structure of the merozoites enabled us to conclude that we were dealing with merozoites of an unknown haemogregarine.     

Kinetics of the reaction of a glycol with a diisocyanate

The reaction between poly(ethylene oxide) glycol (α-hydro-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)) and methylenebis(1,4-cyclohexylene) diisocyanate was studied at 70, 80 and 90°C. The course of the reaction was followed by determining the isocyanate content of the reaction mixture at appropriate time intervals. The data thus obtained were analyzed by taking into consideration the glycol- and urethane-catalyzed reactions separately. It was found that although the urethane-catalyzed reaction was faster in the temperature range studied, its relative importance decreased with increasing temperature.     

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: a report of a case and a review of the pathology

A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MR) in a 24-yr-old woman is presented. MR is a rare disorder characterized by progressive polyarthropathy and a papulo-nodular skin rash. The diagnosis was established by histological examination of biopsies of erythematous nodules on the fingers which showed circumscribed collections of large mononuclear cells and multinucleate giant cells in the reticular dermis. These were embedded in a fine network of mature fibrous tissue with a scanty lymphocytic infiltrate. Histochemical, immunopathological and ultrastructural investigations confirmed that the large mononuclear cells had the properties of macrophages. The histopathological features of MR are reviewed in the light of current knowledge of macrophage physiology, and evidence for lymphocyte-histiocyte interactions in the pathogenesis of this bizarre granulomatous disorder is presented.     

Abscess of the caudate lobe of the liver,a rare disease with a challenging management: a case report

We reported a rare case of abscess of the caudate lobe of the liver in a 60-year old man. We first tried computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous drainage of the abscess but failed to eradicate the infection. Deterioration of the general condition of the patient necessitated open surgical drainage, which resulted in cure of the abscess. The peculiar anatomical location of caudate lobe abscess introduces a great challenge for the surgeon in planning the appropriate management and paucity of patients with caudate lobe abscess has led to lack of guidelines for management. The non-operative interventional radiology approach has become the therapeutic choice for pyo?genic liver abscess, but is it applicable also for caudate lobe abscess?     

Creation of a defense dominant during the functioning of a blink dominant in the rabbit

The possibility of creating (through serial electrodermal stimulation of the limb) a defense dominant during the formation and functioning of a blink dominant was investigated in chronic experiments in rabbits. The formation of a motor dominant against the background of a blink dominant was difficult. Sequential, but not simultaneous, manifestation of the dominants under investigation was observed when the motor defense dominant was created against the background of a formed blink dominant. Difficulty in the formation of the motor dominant was also observed in the presence of transition to an inhibitory state, as a result of the repeated summation of the initial dominant focus, created via the reflex route, and in the presence of induction activation of a secondary dominant focus in symmetrical structures. Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 464–471, April–May–June, 1995.     

Acinar cystic transformation of the pancreas: Report of a case and a review of the literature

Acinar cystic transformation (ACT) is a rare cystic lesion of the pancreas lately reclassified as a non-neoplastic entity. This is a presentation of a case of ACT and a review of the literature. A systematic PubMed search was conducted, yielding a result of 24 publications. Including our case report, 75 cases of ACT have been reported in the literature. The patients are mainly females with initial symptoms of abdominal pain. The cysts are primarily located in the head of the pancreas and are often multilocular on cross section and have a mean size of 53.2 mm. Microscopically, the cysts are lined by an acinar epithelium with abortive acinar formations. The cells are immunohistochemically positive in stains for trypsin, chymotrypsin and CK7. The Ki67-index is low; 1–2 %. No genetic alterations indicative of a neoplastic pathogenesis have been found. The mean follow up time is 37.4 months and no malignant transformation has been observed. A preoperative diagnosis is difficult to establish, but microbiopsies seem a promising tool. The indication for surgical intervention should be founded on the symptoms of the patients since no malignant transformation has ever been reported.