褐藻胶微球栓塞治疗经皮肾镜术后肾出血的价值

目的 探讨用褐藻胶微球超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗微创经皮肾镜取石术( MPCNL) 术后大出血的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析本院11例MPCNL术后大出血患者的褐藻胶微球栓塞治疗效果,其中有8例是由于假性动脉瘤造成出血,2例由于动静脉瘘造成出血,1例对比剂外漏.结果 11例中10例1 次栓塞后成功止血,1 例2 次栓塞成功止血,行栓塞治疗后所有病例肾脏的大部分组织和功能保留,无严重并发症.术后2年随访期内,肾功能正常,未发生再出血.结论 褐藻胶微球超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗创伤小,止血效果确切,能最大限度保留肾脏功能,可作为MPCNL术后出血的治疗方法.     

选择性肾动脉栓塞在经皮肾镜取石术后迟发性肾出血中的应用

目的 探讨选择性肾动脉栓塞在经皮肾镜取石(PCNL)术后迟发性肾出血中的应用价值.方法 2010年2月至2011年7月对515例患者行PCNL术,其中25例术后2 ～ 7 d发生迟发性肾出血.出血部位右肾16例、左肾9例.对25例患者均行栓塞治疗,栓塞材料采用明胶海绵、聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒或弹簧圈.结果 造影见出血原...     

选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾造瘘术后出血

目的评价选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾造瘘术后出血的临床价值。方法对12例肾造瘘术后出血患者,使用选择性肾动脉栓塞术,栓塞材料为明胶海绵微粒、聚乙烯醇(PVA)微粒或弹簧圈。结果造影显示肾实质动静脉瘘2例;对比剂外溢4例;假性动脉瘤3例;假性动脉瘤合并动静脉瘘3例。栓塞治疗后异常血管征象消失,12例患者的血尿3～7d内消失,随访期间未出现严重并发症及再次血尿。结论选择性肾动脉栓塞是治疗肾造瘘术后出血的微创、安全、有效的方法。     

经皮肾镜取石术后迟发性肾出血的DSA诊断和介入治疗(附25例分析)

目的:探讨经皮肾镜取石(PCNL)术后迟发性肾出血的DSA表现和介入治疗价值。方法:回顾分析25例PC-NL术后迟发性肾出血患者的DSA资料,观察介入治疗后疗效、复发情况及并发症等。结果:DSA显示假性动脉瘤12例,动静脉瘘7例,假性动脉瘤伴动静脉瘘4例,无异常征象2例。25例均一次栓塞成功,栓塞剂为明胶海绵、聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒或弹簧圈,随访1～6个月,血尿无复发,无严重并发症发生。结论:DSA能明确PCNL术后迟发性肾出血的原因,超选择肾动脉栓塞能有效止血、保存肾功能,对PCNL术后迟发性肾出血的治疗有重要临床价值。     

超选择性动脉栓塞在医源性肾出血中的应用

目的 探讨超选择性动脉栓塞在医源性损伤导致的肾出血中的应用价值.方法 2009年12月至2012年2月收治11例医源性损伤导致的肾出血患者,其中肾造瘘术后出血3例,经皮肾镜取石术术后出血3例,肾肿瘤部分性肾切除术后出血3例,钬激光术后2例.采用超选择方法将导管置于出血动脉,用聚乙烯醇颗粒及弹簧圈或(和)微弹簧圈栓塞治疗.结果 所有患者均一次性成功进行出血动脉栓塞治疗,造影过程中可见动静脉瘘,对比剂外溢、滞留及假性动脉瘤形成.所有患者在栓塞治疗后出血症状均消失,未观察到明显的肾功能损害,临床随访4 ～ 35个月未再发生出血.结论 超选择性动脉栓塞是治疗医源性肾出血的有效、安全的方法,值得在临床推广应用.     

活检术后肾出血的超选择性动脉栓塞治疗

目的研究超选择性动脉栓塞治疗活检术后肾出血的方法与效果。方法对5例活检术肾动脉出血患者采用Seldinger技术穿刺股动脉,超选择插管至肾段动脉或分支出血处,采用弹簧圈进行栓塞。结果5例均成功止血,无明显并发症。结论超选择插管肾动脉栓塞治疗活检术后肾出血创伤小、疗效好、并发症少、能最大限度的保护肾功能。     

电解可脱性微弹簧圈栓塞在医源性肾出血中的应用价值

目的 评价电解可脱性微弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞在医源性肾出血中的应用价值.方法 30例保守治疗无效医源性肾出血患者,按介入时间顺序随机抽取采用GDC、明胶海绵、微弹簧圈为栓塞材料进行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗,每种方法10例,观察其治疗效果,肾功能损伤情况,肾梗死范围.统计数据采用SPSS软件进行处理,均数间的比较采用t检验,组间差异比较采用方差分析.结果 所有治疗患者均一次栓塞获得成功,术后血尿完全消失,随访未出现再发出血,肾功能均未出现异常.术后梗死范围比较,明胶海绵组、微弹簧圈组、GDC组的梗死范围分别为(57.50 ±7.071)％、(18.36 ±3.776)％、(4.09±1.758)％.明胶海绵组与微弹簧圈组比较有显著统计学差异(P=0.000),明胶海绵组与GDC组比较有显著差异(P =0.000),微弹簧圈组与GDC组比较有显著差异(P=0.000),且GDC栓塞患者肾梗死范围最小.结论 超选择性肾动脉栓塞为保守治疗无效的医源性肾出血提供了一种安全且有效的治疗方法,GDC的使用可更好地防止栓塞后正常肾组织缺失.     

Superselective coil embolization in acute renal hemorrhage

目的:评价超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗急性肾脏出血的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析14例急性肾脏出血患者的临床资料,包括肾动脉创伤3例,多囊肾3例,肾动静脉畸形8例,所有病例采用COOK弹簧圈行超选择性肾动脉栓塞术进行止血治疗.随访9～14个月(平均12.5个月),观察术后疗效、并发症及复发情况.结果:所有患者均成功进行了超选择性肾动脉栓塞术,止血成功率100%,5例患者术后出现肾区疼痛或原有疼痛程度加重,3例出现术后发热,上述症状经时症治疗均于1周内消失,无严重并发症发生.所有患者随访期间无血尿复发及其它中远期并发症.结论:超选择性肾动脉栓塞术是治疗急性肾脏出血安全、有效的方法,可以达到即刻止血和保存肾脏的目的.     

微创经皮肾镜取石术后严重出血的DSA诊断和介入治疗

目的 探讨肾结石微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)术后出血的肾动脉造影表现及超选择性肾动脉栓塞止血的价值.方法 回顾性分析48例肾结石MPCNL术后出血患者的临床与动脉造影资料,分析其肾动脉造影表现、栓塞治疗效果及并发症等.结果 肾动脉造影结果显示MPCNL后出血的原因:单纯假性动脉瘤25例(52.1%)、假性动脉瘤伴动静脉瘘6例(12.5%)、假性动脉瘤伴对比剂外渗1例(2.1%)、肾动静脉瘘11例(22.9%)、血管破裂对比剂外渗2例(4.2%)和包膜动脉曲张1例(2.1%),未发现异常2例(4.2%).46例接受了栓塞治疗,并达到了栓塞治疗成功的DSA标准和临床标准,其中采用聚乙烯醇颗粒(PVA)栓塞18例、PVA+钢圈栓塞5例、明胶海绵栓塞10例、明胶海绵+钢圈栓塞11例、PVA+明胶海绵+钢圈栓塞2例.栓塞后均出现不同程度的栓塞后综合征;术后血清肌酐较术前轻度升高12例.结论 超选择性肾动脉栓塞能有效止血和保存肾脏功能,是MPCNL术后严重出血的首选治疗方法.     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗急性肾脏出血

目的:评价超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗急性肾脏出血的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析14例急性肾脏出血患者的临床资料,包括肾动脉创伤3例,多囊肾3例,肾动静脉畸形8例,所有病例采用COOK弹簧圈行超选择性肾动脉栓塞术进行止血治疗。随访9～14个月(平均12.5个月),观察术后疗效、并发症及复发情况。结果:所有患者均成功进行了超选择性肾动脉栓塞术,止血成功率100%,5例患者术后出现肾区疼痛或原有疼痛程度加重,3例出现术后发热,上述症状经对症治疗均于1周内消失,无严重并发症发生。所有患者随访期间无血尿复发及其它中远期并发症。结论:超选择性肾动脉栓塞术是治疗急性肾脏出血安全、有效的方法,可以达到即刻止血和保存肾脏的目的。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.