兔颈上神经节神经元的急性分离及其通道电流记录

目的 探讨兔颈上神经节神经元分离及电生理研究的方法.方法 为了获得适用于膜片钳实验技术的单个颈上神经节神经细胞,应用酶和机械分离相结合的方法,急性分离20～30 d幼兔的单个颈上神经节神经元.通过倒置显微镜直接观察以及全细胞膜片钳技术的电压钳和电流钳分别对分离得到的颈上神经节神经元的形态学和电生理学特性进行研究.结果 急性分离所得活性较好的颈上神经节神经元胞体具有圆形和顶树突特征,立体感强,光晕明显.在全细胞膜片钳记录模式下可记录到全细胞电流、钠电流、钾电流及动作电位.结论 该方法可以得到形态和生理特性良好的单个颈上神经节神经元;该方法适用于膜片钳技术的研究,对深入探讨药物、物理因子等对神经节神经元离子通道的影响具有重要的应用价值.     

一种低密度及高纯度胎鼠原代海马神经元培养方法的优化及鉴定

目的 通过将海马、皮层细胞共培养的方式建立一种低密度、高纯度、高稳定性的大鼠胎鼠原代海马神经元体外培养方法,以获取纯度更高、活力更好的原代海马神经元。方法 分离孕16～18 d SD大鼠胎鼠的海马和皮层并分别剪碎,经0.125%胰蛋白酶消化后用200目细胞筛过滤,将获得的细胞悬液以包围的形式分别接种于培养板的内层和外环上,于含10%马血清的DMEM/F12培养基中进行共同培养,4～6 h细胞贴壁后更换培养基为维持培养基培养(Neurobasal培养基+2%B27+0.5 mmol/L谷氨酰胺)。通过CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力,利用免疫荧光染色检测海马神经元纯度。结果 海马神经元在5 d后形成纵横交错的神经网络,生长状态较好,经鉴定海马神经元的纯度高达98%,且能够稳定存活3周。结论 利用海马、皮层细胞共培养的方法可以获取高纯度、高活性、高存活率、高稳定性的胎鼠原代海马神经元,可为神经系统中海马神经元相关疾病研究提供一定的实验条件。     

白果内酯对糖氧剥夺小鼠原代海马神经元内钙离子浓度的影响

目的:观察白果内酯对糖氧剥夺(OGD)后小鼠原代海马神经元内游离钙离子浓度的影响及机制探究。方法:分离和培养小鼠原代海马神经元,实验分为对照组(control)、糖氧剥夺组(OGD)和白果内酯组(OGD+bilobalide),对照组予以常规培养小鼠原代海马神经元,糖氧剥夺组利用氧葡萄糖剥夺/再恢复模型模拟小鼠原代海马神经元的缺血再灌注损伤,白果内酯组在氧葡萄糖剥夺后再恢复前应用20μmol/L的白果内酯。利用流式细胞仪检测各组小鼠原代海马神经元内游离的钙离子浓度,利用Western Blot技术检测各组小鼠原代海马神经元Cav1. 2蛋白的表达,最后利用膜片钳技术检测各组小鼠原代海马神经元L型电压依赖型钙离子通道的功能。结果:与糖氧剥夺组相比,白果内酯组小鼠原代海马神经元游离钙离子浓度降低(P <0. 05)、Cav1. 2蛋白表达量减少(P <0. 05)、L型电压依赖性钙离子通道功能减弱(P <0. 05),但仍未恢复到对照组水平(P <0. 05)。结论:白果内酯可能通过减少小鼠原代海马神经元Cav1. 2表达和L型电压依赖性钙离子通道的功能降低细胞内游...     

红藻氨酸对大鼠海马锥体细胞钙电流的影响

目的：应用膜片钳技术,观察红藻氨酸（KA）对大鼠海马锥体细胞ca2＋电流的影响,以研究癫痫的发病机制。方法：采用酶加机械分离法制备出生10～12d的大鼠海马锥体神经元标本,用全细胞膜片钳技术测定其生理学特性及观察KA对ca2＋电流的影响。结果：分离出的海马锥体细胞形态正常,有较长突起;用膜片钳技术证实,其保存了主要的离子通道活性。KA20μmol／L和100μmol／L的浓度均可使海马锥体细胞ca2＋电流峰值增大（n=8,P〈0．01）。结论：①大鼠海马锥体神经细胞具有明显的突起,细胞膜表面光洁、晕光好,适用于膜片钳实验研究;②KA使ca2＋内流增加,引起“Ca”超载”导致细胞毒性等一系列反应;③KA通过激活α-氨基羟甲基恶唑丙酸（AMPA）受体,诱发快速的兴奋性突触后电位（EPSP）,参与兴奋性突触传递。AMPA受体的激活可能是癫痫的发病机制之一。     

探讨阿糖胞苷在原代大鼠海马神经元培养中的纯化方法

目的　探讨阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)在原代大鼠海马神经元早期纯化培养中的优化方法。 方法　新生1d SD大鼠海马神经元原代培养48 h后,不同浓度（0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10 mmol/L）Ara-C 处理0、6、12、24 h,光镜下观察细胞形态,采用MTT检测细胞活性,并通过细胞形态学分析神经元纯度,筛选出最优纯化浓度与时间;采用免疫荧光及Western blot技术检测微管相关蛋白2（MAP2）进一步检测神经元纯度,台盼蓝染色分析神经元存活率。 结果　大鼠原代海马神经元培养48 h,5 mmol/L Ara-C处理24 h得到的神经元纯度及活性最佳;MAP2免疫荧光染色结果显示,Ara-C处理组神经元纯度为(74.28±10.13) %,显著高于对照组(34.82±8.15)% (P=0.000);Western Blot结果显示Ara-C处理组MAP2蛋白水平显著高于对照组(P=0.008);台盼蓝染色显示Ara-C处理组与对照组间海马神经元存活率无差异,分别为(93.2±3.82)%和(95.6±2.37)% (P=0.109)。 结论　在大鼠原代海马神经元的早期培养过程中,5 mmol/L Ara-C处理24 h得到的海马神经元的纯度与活性最佳。     

应用穿孔全细胞膜片钳记录技术研究培养大鼠耳蜗螺旋神经节神经元的基本电生理特性

为了深入了解耳蜗螺旋神经节(SG)神经元的基本电生理特点,本研究首先成功培养了急性分离的大鼠SG神经元,然后采用穿孔全细胞膜片钳记录技术观察了培养SG神经元的基本电生理特性。结果表明,可从培养的SG神经元记录到动作电位,且不同的SG神经元具有异质性的放电特征。上述结果提示穿孔全细胞膜片钳记录技术可用于体外培养耳蜗SG神经元的电生理特征研究,为开展听觉信息传导和调控的功能研究开辟了新途径。     

离体大鼠海马神经元自发放电活动一般特征的研究

观察离体大鼠海马锥体细胞的生理电发放模式.在脑脊液孵育下,将玻璃微电极插入到离体大鼠海马脑片锥体细胞附近,进行胞外电脉冲记录,微机记录并保存电信号.共观察到海马部神经元自发放电主要呈5种特征,分别为不规则发放、单波规则发放、紧张发放、阵发排放及周期排放型等形式.说明神经元的生理电发放模式可能与细胞的排列次序、生理应答呈一定的相关性.     

HIV-1包膜糖蛋白gp120对大鼠海马脑片电生理特性的影响

目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒I型(HIV-1)的包膜糖蛋白gp120对大鼠海马脑片CA1区神经元电生理特性及突触传递的影响。方法用盲法全细胞记录技术,观察gp120对大鼠海马脑片CA1区神经元电生理特性及对高频电刺激Schaffer侧支引起的鼠海马长时程增强效应(LTP)的影响。结果①在电流钳,gp120可使终末去极化电流激发快速动作电位的数目增加;②在电压钳,gp120对大鼠海马CA1区神经元的全细胞电流无明显作用;③将gp120(100 pmol/L)与海马脑片共孵育1h后,在钳制电压为-60 mV时,发现HFS后海马CA1区的兴奋性突触后电流(EPSC)显著减小,LTP的强度减少到(108.5±8.0)%(n=11,P<0.01)。结论gp120可使海马神经元的兴奋性增加,并可能通过抑制海马CA1区的LTP诱发参与艾滋病痴呆(HIV-1 associated dementia,HAD)的病理生理过程。     

胎鼠海马神经元原代培养及转染条件的优化

目的 建立一种稳定的大鼠胎鼠海马神经元培养方法并能够有效的鉴定其纯度,探讨用化学转染试剂体外转染大鼠胎鼠海马神经元的最佳转染条件.方法 分离Wista大鼠E18d胚胎并取海马组织,无血清培养基培养并做MAP2荧光染色鉴定其纯度.应用lipofectamine <'TM>2000转染试剂盒,大鼠神经元电转试剂盒,lipo...     

成年大鼠延髓薄片制备的改良方法

目的:建立一种适用于膜片钳记录研究的成年大鼠延髓薄片制备方法。方法:用改制的注射器将延髓和上颈髓段从离断的椎管中直接吹出;采用水平切的方式制备延髓薄片;记录三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核(Vc)神经元的自发放电和诱发放电活动。结果:分离得到的延髓和上颈髓标本光滑完整;水平切的延髓薄片较好地保持了Vc的形态学结构和神经元活性,可较好地记录到Vc神经元自发的兴奋性突触后电流和诱发的双脉冲抑制活动。结论:本方法操作简单,取材快速,延髓薄片外形完整且能保持神经元活性,适用于成年大鼠Vc的膜片钳研究。     

Hippocampal heterotopia with molecular and electrophysiological properties of neocortical neurons

Cortical malformations resulting from aberrant brain development can be associated with mental retardation, dyslexia, and intractable forms of epilepsy. Despite emerging interest in the pathology and etiology of cortical malformations, little is known about the phenotype of cells within these lesions. In utero exposure to the DNA methylating agent methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) during a critical stage in neurodevelopment results in animals with distinct clusters of displaced neurons in hippocampus, i.e. nodular heterotopia. Here we examined the molecular and electrophysiological properties of cells within hippocampal heterotopia using rats exposed to MAM during gestation. Molecular analysis revealed that heterotopic cells do not express mRNA markers normally found in hippocampal pyramidal cells or dentate granule cells (SCIP, Math-2, Prox-1, neuropilin-2). In contrast, Id-2 mRNA, normally abundant in Layer II-III supragranular neocortical neurons but not in CA1 pyramidal neurons, was prominently expressed in hippocampal heterotopia. Current-clamp analysis of the firing properties of heterotopic neurons revealed a striking similarity with supragranular cortical neurons. In particular, both cells were characterized by small hyperpolarizing 'sag' potentials, high input resistance values, slow spike-train afterhyperpolarizations, and the absence of a depolarizing afterpotential. Normotopic CA1 pyramidal neurons (e.g. pyramidal cells with normal lamination adjacent to a heterotopia) in the MAM brain exhibited molecular and electrophysiological properties that were nearly identical to those of age-matched CA1 pyramidal neurons from control rats.We conclude that neuronal heterotopiae in the hippocampus of MAM-exposed rats are comprised of neurons with a Layer II-III supragranular cortex phenotype. The MAM model, therefore, may serve as a useful tool in examination of the factors influencing aberrant brain development and epilepsy.     

COX-2抑制剂对幼鼠痫性发作海马神经元突触活动的影响

目的：观察环氧合酶-2（cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2）抑制剂硝基苯-甲磺酸（NS-398）对幼鼠痫样放电的作用及其对海马CA1锥体神经元突触电活动的影响,研究NS-398在幼鼠痫性发作中的作用。方法：用生后第14天龄SD大鼠制作海马组织脑切片,记录其CA1区锥体神经元场电位,以群峰电位（PS）个数和波幅作为指标来评价脑片放电的变化。给脑片用不同浓度青霉素,建立离体海马脑片痂样放电模型,在脑片灌流液中用不同浓度NS-398,观察对PS个数和波幅的影响。全细胞记录模式下,观察NS-398对海马CA1锥体神经元递质释放和突触活动的影响。分别记录自发性兴奋性突触后电流（sEPSC）和自发性抑制性突触后电流（sIPSC）,观察NS-398对其波幅和频率的影响。结果：NS-398浓度为10μmol／L时,对青霉素诱发的痼样放电没有多大的抑制效应;当浓度为20gmol／L时,有明显的抑制作用;为30μmol／L时抑制作用很强,明显降低PS的波幅和减少其频率。NS-398能明显抑制致痴大鼠海马锥体神经元sEPSC的频率,但是对其波幅及衰减时间没有明显的影响;同时NS-398能明显增强致痫大鼠海马脑片锥体神经元sIPSC的频率,明显延长sIPSC的衰减时间,对波幅影响不大。结论：COX-2抑制剂NS-398能减少sEPSC的放电和增强sIPSC的抑制功能,导致兴奋性神经递质的释放减少,降低神经元的兴奋性,从而抑制神经元异常放电。     

2-脱氧葡萄糖诱导的内质网应激预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的研究2-脱氧葡萄糖(2-DG)诱导内质网应激(ERS)预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注的保护作用。方法 64只雄性SD大鼠随机均分为假手术组(SH组)、缺血/再灌注组(I/R组)、2-DG诱导的ERS预处理组(IP组)、IP+I/R组。采用TUNEL法检测CA1区凋亡细胞,免疫组化法、Western-Blot法检测p-JNK蛋白在海马CA1区的表达变化。结果与对照组比较,I/R组海马CA1区锥体神经元排列紊乱及变性坏死,形态正常椎体细胞百分数减少,凋亡细胞数目明显增加,脑组织p-JNK表达水平增加;与I/R组相比,IP+I/R组形态正常锥体细胞明显增加,凋亡细胞数目明显减少,脑组织表达较I/R组明显减少。结论 2-DG诱导的ERS对脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,可能与其抑制细胞凋亡和p-JNK表达相关。     

用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察吗啡成瘾对大鼠海马锥体神经细胞内DNA、RNA的影响

为了取得吗啡成瘾对神经细胞内核酸代谢以及神经系统发育影响的直接证据 ,藉以探索吗啡成瘾的神经生物学机制及对吗啡成瘾的治疗途径。本研究根据新型荧光探针 Acridine orange(AO)能与活细胞内 DNA和 RNA特异性结合后发出荧光的特性 ,利用激光共聚焦显微镜对吗啡成瘾新生大鼠的海马神经细胞 (主要是锥体细胞 )内 DNA和 RNA的荧光像素进行观察 ,并用图象分析技术进行处理 ,了解分析吗啡成瘾对神经细胞形态变化、细胞内 DNA、RNA代谢的影响。结果表明 :吗啡成瘾组大鼠神经细胞 DNA和 RNA的荧光像素之比平均为 0 .4 96 7± 0 .2 342 ,而对照组大鼠神经细胞的 DNA与 RNA的荧光染色像素之比为 17.9396± 6 .6 547。说明吗啡成瘾大鼠神经细胞内 RNA明显增多 ,而 DNA却明显低于对照组 ,差异显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;与正常对照组相比 ,吗啡成瘾大鼠海马锥体细胞体积明显增大 ,RNA荧光强度明显增强 ,而 DNA荧光强度明显降低。提示 :(1)吗啡成瘾能明显抑制大鼠海马锥体细胞的 DNA合成 ,刺激 RNA合成 ,促使神经细胞不成熟分化和体积增大 ;(2 )吗啡成瘾所致的神经细胞内 [Ca2 + ]i增高与神经细胞的成熟分化异常有着某种内在联系     

Increased excitatory synaptic activity and local connectivity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in rats with kainate-induced epilepsy

Formation of local excitatory circuits may contribute to epileptogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that epileptogenesis is associated with increased recurrent excitation in the hippocampal CA1 area of rats with kainate-induced epilepsy. Whole cell recordings were obtained during focal flash photolysis of caged glutamate, which served as a focal excitant to activate local pyramidal cells and to study possible connections between neurons. Kainate-treated rats with spontaneous seizures were studied months after status epilepticus and were compared with saline-injected control rats. Experiments were done in isolated CA1 minislices and in bicuculline to block GABA(A) receptors. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were present in 42% of the CA1 pyramidal cells from controls and 62% from kainate-treated rats. The frequency of sEPSCs in the kainate group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but mean amplitude was not different. Flash photolysis of caged glutamate on the somatodendritic area of CA1 pyramidal neurons caused a burst of action potentials. Local excitatory connections between CA1 pyramidal cells were found in 4 of 48 neurons (8%) in slices from control animals, but in significantly more neurons (12 of 37; 32%) from rats with kainate-induced epilepsy exhibited interconnections (P < 0.001). Photoactivation of glutamate on recorded CA1 pyramidal cells in the kainate group sometimes caused afterdischarges, but not in controls. The kainate-treated rats with pyramidal cells that responded to photostimulaltion with repetitive EPSCs appeared to have experienced more severe seizures. These data provide new electrophysiological evidence for the formation of recurrent excitatory circuits in the CA1 area of rats with kainate-induced epilepsy.     

ATP诱导大鼠原代培养海马神经元神经毒性及对GAP-43表达的影响

目的:观察不同浓度ATP对大鼠原代培养海马神经元的损伤作用及GAP-43表达的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法:原代培养新生SD大鼠海马神经元至第8 d,MTT法检测不同浓度ATP作用下海马神经元的存活率,倒置相差显微镜观察海马神经元的形态学改变,免疫荧光细胞化学法观察损伤后海马神经元GAP-43的表达变化,钙离子荧光染料Flou-4/AM检测细胞内钙离子的浓度变化。结果:低浓度ATP对海马神经元无明显影响,高浓度ATP对海马神经元有毒性损伤作用,且呈剂量依赖性。P2X受体拮抗剂可阻断ATP介导的细胞毒性作用,但P2X7受体拮抗剂的阻断作用不明显。高浓度ATP作用海马神经元4 h后,GAP-43的表达水平明显上调,且表达部位发生改变,主要表达于胞体,突起表达减少甚至消失。高浓度ATP组荧光衰减速率明显减慢,说明高浓度ATP参与了海马神经元细胞内钙调节。结论:高浓度ATP对海马神经元有毒性损伤作用,损伤后GAP-43代偿性表达增多,且与细胞内钙离子浓度变化有关,P2X7受体可能不是介导ATP此作用的主要受体亚型。     

Electrophysiological classes of layer 2/3 pyramidal cells in monkey prefrontal cortex

The activity of supragranular pyramidal neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) neurons is hypothesized to be a key contributor to the cellular basis of working memory in primates. Therefore, the intrinsic membrane properties, a crucial determinant of a neuron's functional properties, are important for the role of DLPFC pyramidal neurons in working memory. The present study aimed to investigate the biophysical properties of pyramidal cells in layer 2/3 of monkey DLPFC to create an unbiased electrophysiological classification of these cells. Whole cell voltage recordings in the slice preparation were performed in 77 pyramidal cells, and 24 electrophysiological measures of their passive and active intrinsic membrane properties were analyzed. Based on the results of cluster analysis of 16 independent electrophysiological variables, 4 distinct electrophysiological classes of monkey pyramidal cells were determined. Two classes contain regular-spiking neurons with low and high excitability and constitute 52% of the pyramidal cells sampled. These subclasses of regular-spiking neurons mostly differ in their input resistance, minimum current that evoked firing, and current-to-frequency transduction properties. A third class of pyramidal cells includes low-threshold spiking cells (17%), which fire a burst of three-five spikes followed by regular firing at all suprathreshold current intensities. The last class consists of cells with an intermediate firing pattern (31%). These cells have two modes of firing response, regular spiking and bursting discharge, depending on the strength of stimulation and resting membrane potential. Our results show that diversity in the functional properties of DLPFC pyramidal cells may contribute to heterogeneous modes of information processing during working memory and other cognitive operations that engage the activity of cortical circuits in the superficial layers of the DLPFC.