Ultrastructural comparison of "alveolar" and "solid" areas in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to compare the ultrastructural features of bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, contrasting the well-differentiated alveolar component and the poorly-differentiated solid component in the same tumor. We studied 7 cases of non-mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinomas by electron microscopy. Two of these cases showed lamellar bodies in both the alveolar and solid components and the remaining 5 cases revealed Clara cell granules in both components. We conclude that the neoplastic cells in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma retain their ultrastructural phenotypes after becoming invasive carcinoma with loss of alveolar differentiation.     

“90前”和“90后”大学生的自我观比较

目的探讨90后和90前大学生自我观差异和教育引导对策。方法采取组间实验设计的方法,通过对故事主人公的性格评定和对被试自身性格判定进行比较分析,比较90前和90后两代人的自我观。结果①"90前"和"90后"大学生的自我评定方差分析结果显示,在170例被调查者中,两组被试对自我评定差异显著(F=3.183,P<0.1);②"90前"和"90后"被试对自我性格特征的评价都表现出和主人公(内向性性格特征)特征差异明显,两组被试评价自己性格特征外向的被试人数明显大于评价自己性格特征内向的被试人数;③外向型被试中,"90前"的被试数量明显小于"90后"的被试。内向型被试中,"90前"的被试数量明显大于"90后"的被试。均衡型被试两组被试的差异不是十分明显。结论 90后更强调开放性和自我主体地位,普遍寻求优秀,自我实现目标较高。     

Synthesis and separation in the history of "nature" and "nurture"

For much of the 20th century scientific psychology treated the relative contributions of nature and nurture to the development of phenotypes as the result of two quite separate sources of influence. One, nature, was linked to biological perspectives, often manifest as "instinct", while the other, nurture, was taken to reflect psychological influences. We argue that this separation was contingent on historical circumstance. Prior to about 1920, several perspectives in biology and psychology promoted the synthesis of nature and nurture. But between 1930 and 1980 that synthetic consensus was lost in America as numerous influences converged to promote a view that identified psychological and biological aspects of mind and behavior as inherently separate. Around 1960, during the hegemony of behaviorism, Daniel Lehrman, Gilbert Gottlieb, and other pioneers of developmental psychobiology developed probabilistic epigenesis to reject predeterminist notions of instinct and restore a synthesis. We describe the earlier and later periods of synthesis and discuss several influences that led to the separation of nature and nurture in the middle of the 20th century.     

Opioid peptides in the dynamics of "physiological" and "pathological" stress

Clinical studies showed that short-term "physiological" stress (bicycle ergometry) did not cause increase of the blood plasma enkephalin content. Moderate-term (60-minute) stress, according to O. Desiderato, causes a rise of the blood enkephalin level in rats. It is supposed that such a reaction of the opioid system is characteristic of borderline conditions between normal and pathological states in stress. Severe "pathological" stress (myocardial infarction, experimental coronary occlusion, 6-hour stress after O. Desiderato) in rats led to a decrease of the concentration of enkephalins in the blood and disorders of their secretion and storage in the adrenals. It is suggested that changes of the activity of the opioid system are a predictor of the transition of a "physiological" stress to a "pathological" stress.