双源CT低剂量冠状动脉CTA成像的扫描参数、图像质量及辐射剂量的探讨

目的 探讨双源CT低剂量冠状动脉CTA成像的扫描参数、图像质量及辐射剂量的应用价值.方法 对100例心率控制在70次/min以下的患者进行双源CT低剂量冠状动脉成像,除固定扫描参数外,主要参考患者的体质指数(BMI)范围来调节管电压、管电流、对比剂流率.再随机抽取100例常规剂量(回顾性心电门控)扫描的患者作为对照组进行比较.结果 根据冠状动脉各段血管显示情况及图像质量评价标准,采用低剂量冠状动脉CTA成像(前瞻性序列扫描技术)图像质量与常规剂量(回顾性心电门控)扫描图像质量差异无统计学意义(p＞0.05).前瞻性序列扫描技术的平均X射线剂量CTDIVol为11.96～14.25mGy,大约是回顾性心电门控(CTDIVol为30.36～45.67 mGy)的1/3,总的有效剂量E(2.6±0.9)mSv,大约是回顾性心电门控(8.2±0.1)mSv的1/4,差异有统计学意义(p＜0.01).结论 双源CT冠脉CTA成像中,采用前瞻性序列扫描技术,显著降低辐射剂量的同时并可获得满意的图像质量,对于不能接受高辐射剂量并且心率控制在70次/min以下的受检人群,具有重要的临床诊断价值.     

高心率患者256层CT冠状动脉前瞻性门控成像质量和辐射剂量分析

目的 比较256层冠状动脉CT血管成像（CTA）前瞻性和回顾性心电门控两种检查方法的成像质量及辐射剂量,优化扫描方案.方法 选取60例70次/min＜心率＜90次/min患者,随机分为前瞻性心电门控组（A组）和回顾性心电门控组（B组）,比较两组的成像质量和辐射剂量.结果 两组图像合格率分别为93.7％（253/270）和99.3％ （268/270）;两组有效辐射剂量分别为（4.020±0.463）mSv和（16.649±1.232）mSv,两组图像质量及辐射剂量差异均有统计学意义（均P＜ 0.05）.结论 256层CT前瞻性心电门控技术较回顾性心电门控技术辐射剂量显著降低,但高心率患者前瞻性心电门控得到的图像质量较回顾性心电门控法略差.     

双源CT自适应前瞻性心电门控冠状动脉成像技术初步研究

目的自适应前瞻性心电门控扫描技术是冠状动脉CT血管成像(computed tomogrophy angiography,CTA)中应用的新技术。文中旨在探讨双源CT自适应前瞻性心电门控技术冠状动脉成像的初步经验。方法自2010年7月至2011年3月,56例冠心病患者纳入研究,进行自适应前瞻性心电门控技术双源CT冠状动脉成像。将患者分为2组,A组患者心率平均≤75次/min,选择70%期相进行扫描;B组患者心率平均>80次/min,选择40%期相进行扫描。2组注射对比剂为80～90 ml。由2名有经验的影像医师利用双盲法以4分法评定系统进行影像评分,对冠状动脉3个主要分支即右侧冠状动脉、左侧冠状动脉前降支、回旋支血管成像质量进行评分,并记录辐射剂量。采用两样本均数比较的t检验比较2组间图像质量差异。结果 56例患者共纳入分析的血管为168支,共有156支(92.9%)冠状动脉满足影像诊断要求。其中A组30例患者90支血管,其中4支(4.44%)冠状动脉不能评价;B组26例患者共计78支血管,其中8支(10.3%)血管不能评价;在A、B 2组各段冠状动脉图像质量对照,2组图像质量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。总辐射剂量(CT dose index volume,CTDIvol)均值(17.28±0.45)mGy,有效辐射剂量(effective dose,ED)(2.84±0.08)mSv,其中A组CTDIvol均值(17.38±0.73)mGy、ED(2.90±0.13)mSv;B组CTDIvol均值(17.17±0.47)mGy,ED(2.77±0.09)mSv。结论采用双源CT自适应前瞻性心电门控技术冠状动脉成像,按照平均心率≤75次/min,选择70%期相进行自适应前瞻性扫描,平均心率>80次/min,选择40%期相进行自适应前瞻性扫描的原则,可得到满足临床诊断要求的冠状动脉图像,并大大降低了患者辐射剂量。     

256层CT冠状动脉造影中前瞻性心电门控技术的应用价值

  目的 通过比较256层CT前瞻性与回顾性心电门控冠状动脉造影的图像质量和辐射剂量,探讨前瞻性心电门控在冠状动脉造影中的应用价值和限度。方法 收集接受冠状动脉CT造影检查并采用前瞻性心电门控扫描者90例,采用回顾性心电门控扫描者103例。扫描时记录容积剂量指数及扫描野长度,计算剂量长度乘积和有效辐射剂量。所有患者均采用容积重建、曲面重建及多平面重建等后处理技术,对各冠状动脉节段的图像质量进行评分。结果 前瞻性心电门控扫描组和回顾性心电门控扫描组的平均心率分别为69次/min和78次/min,有效辐射剂量分别为（4.11±1.36）mSv和（12.10±5.62）mSv（P＜0.05）,可评价率分别为94.1%和93.6%（P＞0.05）。结论 256层CT前瞻性心电门控冠状动脉造影的辐射剂量低,图像质量满意,应在心率符合扫描要求时最大限度的使用。     

前瞻性心电门控320排CT对早搏受检者冠状动脉成像的初步研究

目的 回顾性研究320排CT在使用前瞻性心电门控的情况下对有早搏的受检者进行冠状动脉成像,分析其可行性,找出合适的扫描方式来降低放射剂量和保证图像质量.方法 前瞻性心电门控扫描的320排冠状动脉CT造影(CTA)受检者110例,分为早搏组(60例),对照组(50例),通过个性化扫描方式对比两组的图像质量及放射剂量.结果 两组的图像质量评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05).早搏组的心率(77.20±12.07) bpm和剂量(14.62±1.37) mSv高于对照组的心率(58.72±4.73) bpm和剂量(3.08 ±2.35) mSv.早搏组中使用S场扫描的射线剂量(34.55 ±7.12)mSv明显高于M场扫描剂量(15.10 ±1.12) mSv.结论 用前瞻性心电门控扫描早搏,通过调整扫描场及采集次数(beat值)可以降低放射剂量,重建出良好的图像质量.     

心电门控冠状动脉成像的临床应用

目的 比较320排CT前瞻性和回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像的检查成功率、辐射剂量、成像质量及诊断结果,探讨320排CT前瞻性心电门控CT冠状动脉成像临床应用的可行性.方法 分别对2009年6至12月中山大学附属第三医院心率稳定＜65次/min的480例患者进行前瞻性和回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像,分为前瞻组和回顾组各240例.采用最大密度投影(MIP)、曲面重组(CPR)及容积再现(VR)等多种重组技术显示冠状动脉.根据有无运动及阶梯伪影等将图像质量分为优、良、差,计算两组的平均有效辐射剂量,与DSA对比计算CT冠状动脉成像的诊断结果,并进行统计学分析.结果 前瞻组和回顾组的检查成功率均为100%.前瞻组平均有效辐射剂量为(3.3±1. 3)mSv,明显低于回顾组的(13.0±1.6)mSv(P＜0.01).前瞻组诊断性冠状动脉节段和非诊断性冠状动脉节段为95.42%(3435/3600)、4.58%(165/3600),与回顾组的95.81%(3449/3600)、4.19%(151/3600)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).前瞻组的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值为93.22%、99.21%、91.64%、99.05%,回顾组的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值为94.55%、98.80%、95.86%、98.54%,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对于心率稳定＜65次/min的患者,320排CT前瞻性心电门控冠状动脉成像明显降低辐射剂量,但与回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像的检查成功率、图像质量及诊断结果差异无统计学意义,是切实可行的方法.     

64排VCT XT前瞻性心电门控低剂量技术对冠状动脉成像的研究

目的：评价64排VCTXT前瞻性心电门控低剂量技术对冠状动脉成像的能力及图像质量分析。方法：连续选取152例行冠状动脉CTA检查的患者（A组平均体重指数25.1,心率〈65次/min）行前门控扫描,根据患者的自动毫安量选择管电流及管电压。同时比较回归性心电门控螺旋扫描的30例患者（B组平均体重指数25.7,心率〈72次/min）的剂量,并对两组图像质量进行评价（配对t检验,P〈0.005为差异有统计学意义）。结果：A组前瞻性门控横断面扫描冠状动脉成像射线剂量平均为（2.75±0.95）mSv,所获图像质量完全达到临床诊断需要,B组回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描冠状动脉成像平均剂量为（18.2±2.9）mSv。B组与A组比较差异有统计学意义,射线剂量减少了85.2%。结论：64排VCTXT前瞻性心电门控技术横断面扫描能满足临床诊断需要,同时也非常有效的降低了辐射剂量。     

64排CT前瞻性心电门控冠状动脉成像降低辐射剂量的研究

目的通过比较64排螺旋CT前瞻性心电门控与回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像的图像质量和辐射剂量,探讨前瞻性心电门控冠状动脉成像技术在降低辐射剂量中的作用。资料与方法 157例疑似冠状动脉疾病的患者随机分为两组,前瞻性心电门控组85例和回顾性心电门控组72例,两组心率均<65次/min,记录两组的成像质量和辐射剂量,并进行统计学分析。结果前瞻性心电门控组有效辐射剂量(4.42±1.52)m Sv明显低于回顾性心电门控组(14.84±3.98)m Sv(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义;前瞻性心电门控和回顾性心电门控两组冠状动脉成像质量评价差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且前瞻性心电门控组图像优秀率略高于回顾性心电门控组。结论在较低且平稳的心率(≤65次/min)条件下,采用64排螺旋CT前瞻性心电门控技术即能有效降低辐射剂量,又能保证临床诊断所需的冠状动脉图像质量。     

宝石能谱64排CT冠脉成像低剂量的临床应用

目的探讨宝石能谱64排CT冠脉成像优化扫描模式,降低冠状动脉成像辐射剂量。方法将2012年1-12月临床拟诊冠心病、心率小于65次/min的120例病人随机分为两组,分别用前瞻性心电门控扫描和回顾性门控扫描,评估有效射线剂量。结果在相同管电压条件下,用前瞻性心电门控扫描平均有效射线剂量为(2.75±0.95)mSv,回顾性心电门控扫描平均有效射线剂量为(18.2±2.9)mSv。结论前瞻性心电门控技术横断面扫描能满足临床诊断需要,同时也非常有效地降低了辐射剂量。     

256层CT冠状动脉成像技术因素和辐射剂量的对比研究

目的通过256层CT前瞻性心电门控与回顾性心电门控100kV与120kV冠状动脉成像的影像质量及辐射剂量等比较,探讨前瞻性心电门控100kV冠状动脉成像的可行性。方法拟诊冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)患者分别进行前瞻性(前瞻组)和回顾性(回顾组)心电门控;分别以100kV与120kV扫描,并采用最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)、多平面重组(MPR)及曲面重组(CPR)多种重组技术显示各节段冠状动脉,图像质量根据对诊断的影响分为优、良、差,计算各自有效辐射剂量并进行统计学分析。结果前瞻组平均辐射剂量为(2.26±0.48)mSv,100kV为(8.01±2.09)mSv,明显低于回顾组的(9.15±1.59)mSv(P<0.01),120kV为(16.2±2.09)mSv(P<0.01);前瞻组冠状动脉节段图像质量优良率与回顾组均为100%。100kV与120kV组图像噪声和主观评分差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.15,P=0.258)。结论 256层CT前瞻性心电门控,100kV冠状动脉成像能以较低的辐射剂量取得优质图像,更适合CHD患者的早期筛查。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.