血红蛋白最佳聚合工艺匹配条件的研究

目的 探讨以戊二醛为交联剂的血红蛋白类氧载体（HBOCs）的聚合工艺匹配条件的优化研究,进一步降低终产品的平均分子质量和超大分子含量,提高聚合血红蛋白的有效转化率.方法 在前期对人胎盘血红蛋白与戊二醛交联的单因素影响水平的研究基础上,选取戊二醛的加样速度、血红蛋白的质量浓度和戊二醛与血红蛋白的摩尔比3个因素做正交试验以优化血红蛋白聚合工艺的匹配条件.结果 戊二醛与血红蛋白的摩尔比对聚合血红蛋白分子质量分布的影响最大,其次是血红蛋白的质量浓度,最后为戊二醛的加样速度.对平均分子质量的影响分析,不同的戊二醛与血红蛋白摩尔比条件下的平均分子质量间的差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而不同的血红蛋白质量浓度和戊二醛的加样速度条件下的平均分子质量间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;对有效转化率的影响分析,不同的戊二醛与血红蛋白摩尔比和不同的血红蛋白质量浓度条件下的有效转化率间的差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,不同的戊二醛加样速度条件下的有效转化率间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;对超大分子含量的影响分析,不同的戊二醛与血红蛋白摩尔比条件下的超大分子含量间的差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,不同血红蛋白的质量浓度和戊二醛的加样速度条件下超大分子含量间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 通过以上实验分析,优化确定了血红蛋白聚合工艺的最佳匹配条件.     

用CM Sepharose FF柱分离人血红蛋白α、β链

目的:建立分离纯化血红蛋白α、β链方法。方法:对二氯汞苯甲酸(CPMB)处理的血红蛋白经CM Sepharose FF柱分离出结合有CPMB的α、β链,然后分别过Bio-gel p6柱除去α、β链上结合的CPMB。Tricine SDS-PAGE检测蛋白分子量、纯度,采用琼脂糖弥散法监测抑菌效应。结果:该法成功分离出具较高纯度的血红蛋白α、β链,二者均具有杀大肠杆菌活性。结论:本分离程序简单、经济,可得到高纯度的天然α、β链,有助于对其后续的进一步研究。     

高效凝胶色谱法测定多花黄精多糖分子量与分子量分布

目的：建立多花黄精多糖的分子量与分子量分布分析方法。方法：应用高效凝胶渗透色谱法，色谱柱为Shodex OHPak SB-803HQ（8mm×300mm），流动相为0．71％硫酸钠溶液（内含0．02％叠氮钠），柱温：35℃，示差折光检测器（检测器温度35℃），流速0．5ml·min^-1。结果：根据建立的方法测定，得到多糖的高效凝胶色谱图，计算出多花黄精多糖的重均分子量及其分布。结论：所用方法简便、快速、准确，可用于多花黄精多糖的质量控制。     

血浆物质对红细胞免疫粘附功能的调节作用

目的探讨不同分子量血浆物质的浓度改变对红细胞免疫粘附功能的影响。方法利用柱层析法分离血浆不同分子量物质，通过建立血浆物质浓度梯度红细胞酵母菌花环率的方法，观察血浆物质浓度对调节红细胞免疫粘附功能的作用。结果１．随血浆、大分子量血浆物质浓度增高，红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体酵母菌花环率（ＲＢＣＣ３ｂＲＲ）先增高而后降低；２．中小分子量血浆物质则随浓度升高ＲＢＣＣ３ｂＲＲ升高；３．血浆、中小分子量血浆物质５８℃、３０分钟灭活后ＲＢＣＣ３ｂＲＲ较灭活前显著增高，而大分子量血浆物质灭活前后ＲＢＣＣ３ｂＲＲ无显著改变。结论大分子量血浆物质对红细胞免疫粘附功能具有双向调节作用；中小分子量血浆物质能增强红细胞免疫粘附功能。推测某些大分子物质能激活ＣＲ１，中小分子量血浆物质中Ｃ３ｂ片段和Ｃ３ｂ灭活因子（ＫＡＦ）在调节红细胞免疫粘附功能中起着重要作用。     

聚合牛血红蛋白抗原性的初步研究

目的 研究乙醇醛聚合的牛血红蛋白的抗原性。方法 （１）将聚合的牛血红蛋白按免血量的１０％和２０％分别输入兔耳缘静脉,免疫多次,ＥＬＩＳＡ检测抗体。（２）将聚合的牛血红蛋白、人血红蛋白和兔血红蛋白分别与免疫佐剂混合,按常规免疫家兔,并以上述３种抗原分别包不同的聚乙烯板,ＥＬＩＳＡＳ检测每一种怕与３种抗体交叉反应滴度。结果 聚合牛血红蛋白和人血红蛋白均产生抗体交叉且有交叉反应。结论这两种血红蛋白可能有     

生物携氧治疗剂的研究：作用与应用

文题释义：生物携氧治疗剂：是指具有载氧气功能、维持血液渗透压和酸碱平衡及扩充血容量的人工制剂。目前主要有氟碳化合物和血红蛋白类氧载体两大类。与简单的扩容剂相比,生物携氧治疗剂除能维持血液渗透压、酸碱平衡和血容量外,还具有较好的携氧能力,能向局部缺氧组织输氧。是临床上一种具有广阔的应用前景的携氧制剂。 血红蛋白类氧载体(Hemoglobin-based oxgen carriers,HBOCs)：是一类通过血红蛋白分子表面化学修饰或分子间交联而形成分子量较大的血红蛋白制品,原料血红蛋白主要来源于人或动物血,目前应用较为广泛的是戊二醛聚合猪血红蛋白(pPolyCHb)和戊二醛聚合牛血红蛋(HBOC-201)。 背景：健康人献血虽然一定程度地缓解了临床用血的燃眉之急,但是单纯依靠健康人献血已不能从根本上解决血源短缺和血液安全性的问题。 目的：结合生物携氧治疗剂开发的意义,对生物携氧治疗剂所独有的特点进行阐述,总结近年来对生物携氧治疗剂的研究现状及应用进展,为进一步研究生物携氧治疗剂的作用及临床应用提供一定的理论基础。 方法：作者检索CNKI、万方、Pub Med等数据库中自2015年1月至2019年8月的相关文章,英文检索词为“blood substitute, hemoglobin oxygen carrier, artificial blood,oxygen-carrying therapeutic agent”,中文检索词为“血液代用品,血红蛋白类氧载体,人工血液,携氧治疗剂”,检索文献类型为研究原著、综述。初检文章418篇,再经过严格筛选后,对符合要求的46篇文献进行分类综述。 结果与结论：生物携氧治疗剂的临床效果较好,可维持血液渗透压、酸碱平衡和血容量,还具有较好的携氧能力,能向局部缺氧组织输氧并维持较长时间。它还具有易于贮存、便于运输等特点。生物携氧治疗剂在外科手术中得到广泛的应用,对扩充血容量、加快术后恢复有很大帮助,故其研发对于外科创伤及复苏、失血性休克、恶性贫血、心肌梗死等疾病均具有重要意义,并体现出良好的临床应用前景。 ORCID: 0000-0002-0365-4638(黄文华) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

层析分离聚合血红蛋白的优化条件研究

目的 探讨优化分离聚合血红蛋白中的小分子蛋白的条件.方法 采用柱层析和高效液相色谱方法,以凝胶柱Sephacryl-100,进行流动相的流速、流动相的pH和样品的上样量三个因素三个水平的正交实验,收集各馏分,采用高效凝胶柱superdexTM75测定A280,并以Star Work station软件进行结果分析.结果 显示最优组合为:pH为7.0,流速为0.5 ml/min,上样量为0.8 ml.结论 在流动相的pH为7.0、流速为0.5 ml/min、样品上样量为0.8 ml时的条件下去除小分子蛋白的分离效果最佳,实验可靠性最强.     

聚乳酸的合成应用及降解的研究

本文研究了聚乳酸单体的合成，精制和聚合条件对其聚合产物的分子量的影响。用电导法测定了聚乳酸在不同条件下的降解速度。将聚乳酸薄膜用于动物外科手术作防粘连材料，表明该膜具有较理想的防粘连效果；用它包埋丝裂霉素C表明其对动物身上的CM—180肉瘤等具有较好的疗效和低毒性能。     

聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的合成

本文用C_0~(60)使乙烯基吡咯烷酮在高能辐照下聚合,研究了聚合物分子量与聚合温度、单体浓度之间的关系。结果表明,聚合温度和单体浓度可以作为调节分子量的一种手段。用此法制得的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮适用于药物和食品工业。     

体液脱氧核糖核酸结合蛋白的研究 Ⅰ.小鼠血清脱氧核糖核酸结合蛋白

细胞内的脱氧核糖核酸结合蛋白(DBP)种类繁多,在复制、转录、基因调控等细胞的主要生命环节中起着重要作用,但细胞外的生物体液中的DBP尚无系统研究。本文以小鼠为动物模型,以脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)纤维素亲和层析柱与聚丙烯酰胺电泳为主要手段,对小鼠血清DBP含量,在上述亲和层析柱上的层析行为,分子量分布范围等进行了观察和分析。     

Equilibrium polymerization initiated by polymer chains with active sites

According to the theory of multifunctional equilibrium polymerization, the two-dimensional molecular weight distribution function for the equilibrated copolymers generated from polymer chains with active sites is derived. On this basis the average molecular weights, grafting ratio, grafting efficiency, grafting success, branching distribution, and frequency of grafts, etc. can be predicted from polymerization conditions.     

Dégradation oxydante du polystyrène à 25°C. II. Étude du mécanisme par amorçage radiochimique en solution chloroformique diluée

If using electronmicroscopy for the determination of the molecular weight distribution it is suitable to evaluate first the integral number distribution function which will be defined. Its relations to other distribution functions as well as the number and weight average of the degree of polymerization are derived. The sources of error are discussed taking as an example a fraction of polystyrene with otherwise known qualities.     

Sodium Citrate Kolbe Electrolysis Polymerization in Aqueous Solution with Controlled Molecular Weight Distribution

Controlled‐molecular‐weight‐distribution polymerization of sodium citrate in aqueous solution is successfully performed by Kolbe electrolysis reaction. It can be carried out in aqueous solution and no initiator and catalyst need to be added specially in this new polymerization procedure. The molecular weight of polymerization product linear rises with increasing conversion rate, and its distribution is maintained relatively narrowly (Mw/Mn < 1.55). The molecular weight and its distribution are obviously affected by a couple of elements, such as reaction temperature, as well as the kinds and amount of addition neutral salt ions in electrolysis solution. Kolbe electrolysis can realize the controlled‐molecular‐weight‐distribution polymerization of sodium citrate monomer effectively, which expands the scope of non‐olefin monomers used for controlled‐molecular‐weight‐distribution polymerization.     

Equilibrium polymerization with a multifunctional initiator

The equilibrium polymerization with a multifunctional initiator is re-treated theoretically. The expressions for the molecular weight distribution function, the number- and weight-average degrees of polymerization, the distribution of the degree of branching and the average degree of branching of the polymer formed are rigorously derived. All the formulae given are much simpler than those reported by Baur and Eisenberg. A theoretical method is established by which all the molecular parameters of the polymer can be calculated from polymerization conditions, such as the equilibrium constants, the functionality of the initiator and the initial concentrations of initiator and monomer.     

Multiplicity of molecular weight distribution of polyethene produced with modified-polypropene-supported Ziegler catalyst systems

The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of polyethene prepared with a modified-polypropene-supported Ziegler catalyst were investigated in terms of the variation of the polymerization conditions, such as the kind of co-catalyst, its concentration, and polymerization temperature. Ethene polymerization with the catalyst in the presence of triethylaluminium proceeded in heterogeneous system to give a polyethene with extremely broad molecular weight distribution. The result was completely changed upon replacing the triethylaluminium by other alkylaluminium compounds, such as diethylaluminium chloride. Polyethenes with very broad, narrow, bimodal, and multimodal molecular weight distributions were obtained by simply varying the co-catalyst. The molecular weight distributions of polyethenes obtained were also very sensitive to co-catalyst concentration and polymerization temperature. From the results obtained, it is suggested that the modified-polypropene-supported Ziegler catalyst is feasible as a novel candidate for a catalyst system giving polyethenes with controlled molecular weight distributions in a wide range of molecular weight.     

Kinetics of homogeneous butadiene polymerization catalyzed by TiI2Cl2/Al(iso-C4H9)3,

Kinetics of homogeneous butadiene polymerization initiated by TiI₂Cl₂/Al(iso-C₄H₉)₃ catalysts were studied at constant monomer concentration. A reaction mechanism involving fast initiation and living chains propagation with reversible deactivation of the active sites was developed. The active sites concentration and number average molecular weight during polymerization were calculated. The molecular weight distribution resulting from the assumed kinetic scheme was also considered. A method was developed to calculate number and weight average molecular weight of polymer at any moment after establishing of the deactivation-reactivation equilibrium. The experimental findings are consistent with the presumed reaction mechanism.     

A novel dynamic heterogeneous phase polymerization reaction for poly-hemoglobin with narrow molecular weight distribution

A dynamic heterogeneous phase polymerization reaction is found to be efficient for controllable cross-link of hemoglobin with glutaraldehyde. The selective absorption of the immobile phase and asymmetry of protein concentration leads to narrowness of the molecular weight distribution and lowness of the average molecular weight. Using this method, 53% of hemoglobin obtained is intermolecular cross-linked with 12 molecular equivalents of glutaraldehyde. The majority of poly-hemoglobins is in the range of 128 kD to 258 kD.     

Kinetik und molekulargewichtsverteilung eines anionischen polymerisationsprozesses mit momentanem start bei simultanem monomerabbruch

The kinetics and the molecular weight distribution are calculated for an anionic polymerization with rapid initiation and simultaneous deactivation by the monomer. Such a process is to be expected for the anionic polymerization of methylmethacrylate in polar solvents. — The molecular weight distribution approaches a SCHULZ -FLORY -distribution with increasing monomer deactivation.     

Molecular weight distribution of native poly(D-β-hydroxybutyric acid)

The molecular weight distribution of the biopolyester 1 from D -β-hydroxybutyric acid, isolated from Rhizobium meliloti by methods which preserved its native molecular properties, was studied. The weight average degree of polymerization is approximately DP _w=23000, 1 being therefore one of the highest biopolymers with respect to chain length. The distribution of the degree of polymerization of 1 is distinguished by a great homogeneity, which it still possesses even after 30 hours of synthesis. One can conclude, therefore, that biosynthesis of an endogeneous bacterial polymer like 1 takes place also by a mechanism which produces molecules of homogeneous chain length, as e.g. a Possion type mechanism, and where the mean time of synthesis coincides approximately with the mean time of generation.     

cis‐Specific Living Polymerization of 1,3‐Butadiene with CoCl2 and Methylaluminoxane

The polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene was conducted by CoCl₂ combined with methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a cocatalyst at 0 and 18°C. The uni‐modal molecular weight distribution curves of the resulting polymers shifted toward higher molecular weight regions and became narrower when increasing the polymerization time. The number‐average molecular weight increased linearly with polymerization time, while the polymer yield increased exponentially in the initial stage. As a consequence, the number of polymer chains, calculated from the polymer yield and M̄_n, increased gradually with polymerization time to reach a plateau value. These phenomena was interpreted based on a slow initiation system without any termination and chain transfer reaction. The microstructure of the polymer was determined by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy to be a cis‐1,4 structure in a 98–99% purity.