应用不同抗凝剂在血液灌流救治急性中毒患者中的比较

目的:通过在血液灌流(HP)救治急性中毒中应用普通肝素(SH)和低分子肝素(LMWH)抗凝,比较两者作为血液灌流抗凝剂的效果及安全性。方法:选择HP治疗中毒患者62例,随机分为两组,分别采用肝素和低分子肝素抗凝,治疗前及结束后测定活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)和血小板计数(PLT),观察患者出血、灌流器和管路凝血情况。结果:灌流器及血管通路凝血发生率:SH组10%,LMWH组1.67%;出血发生率:SH组11.67%,LMWH组3.33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);SH组治疗后APTT、TT较治疗前明显延长,有明显差异;LMWH组治疗前及后APTT、TT无明显差异;两组HP治疗后SH组较LMWH组APTT、TT明显延长,有明显差异;两组PLT治疗前及治疗后组内、组间比较无明显差异。结论:低分子肝素较普通肝素作为HP治疗急性中毒的抗凝剂,具有抗凝效果好、出血并发症少、使用安全、方便的特点。     

不同镇痛方式对应用低分子肝素全髋置换术患者血液流变学及凝血功能的影响

目的 观察不同术后镇痛方式对应用低分子肝素(LMWH)的全髋置换术(THR)患者术后血液流变学和凝血功能的影响.方法 择期行THR患者随机分为4组,E0组:术后硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)未用LMWH;EL组:PCEA联合应用LMWH;I0组:术后静脉镇痛(PCIA)未用LMWH;IL组:PCIA联合应用LMWH.于入院检查时(基础值)、术毕、术后24 h、术后48 h及术后7 d抽取静脉血检测血液流变学和凝血功能指标.术后24 h及48 h行视觉模拟评分法(VAS)镇痛评分,术前和术后第7天双下肢血管B超检查,记录并发症的发生情况.结果 四组患者静息和活动时VAS评分无差异.EL和IL两组患者下肢静脉血栓阳性率低于I0和E0组,EL和IL之间及I0和E0之间差异无统计学意义.IL组术后恶心的患者数较E0和EL组增多(P＜0.05).纤维蛋白原浓度术毕和术后24 h时4组患者均低于基础值(P＜0.05).血浆黏度和全血黏度E0组低于I0组(P＜0.05),IL和EL组低于I0和E0组(P＜0.05),IL和EL之间差异无统计学意义.IL和EL术后各时点凝血酶原时间和激活部分凝血活酶时间均较基础值延长(P＜0.05),且较I0和E0组延长(P＜0.05).各组间术中和术后出血量差异无统计学意义.结论 THR患者围术期未用LMWH时PCEA改善血液流变学的作用优于PCIA.PCEA和PCIA联合应用LMWH,均能减少静脉血栓的发生,改善凝血功能和血液流变学指标,且不增加出血,提示应用LMWH时行椎管内麻醉和PCEA是安全可行的.在应用LMWH时,PCEA预防DVT的作用并无明显优势.     

低分子肝素在血液透析联合血液灌流治疗急性中毒的抗凝治疗观察

目的探讨低分子肝素(LMWH)在急性中毒患者行血液透析联合血液灌流治疗中的抗凝效果。方法72例急性中毒行血液透析联合血液灌流的患者中应用普通肝素(SH)42例,应用LMWH 30例。观察并比较两组治疗前后凝血酶原时间(PT),部分凝血酶原时间(APTT),凝血酶时间(TT);灌流器、透析器及管路凝血情况及临床出血现象。结果 PT、APTT及TT等指标在两组治疗前无明显差异,经过治疗后,HS组PT、APTT及TT较LMWH组明显延长,其差异具有统计学意义(<0.05);在凝血及出血发生率方面,LMWH组均明显低于HS组(<0.05)。结论急性中毒患者行血液透析联合血液灌流治疗中,LMWH较SH更为安全、可靠,更利于临床应用。     

低分子肝素治疗妊娠期肾病综合征高凝状态的研究

目的观察低分子肝素(LMWH)对妊娠期肾病综合征(NSP)高凝状态的疗效。方法将54例孕28～32周发病的NSP患者随机分为两组,各27例。肝素组接受常规治疗的同时加用LMWH治疗,对照组接受常规治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后凝血酶原时间等凝血指标及产后出血量的变化。结果对照组凝血指标治疗后与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),肝素组凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间治疗后较治疗前延长,D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原较治疗前减少,血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝素组治疗后均未出现出血倾向及产后出血增多等不良反应。结论LMWH可以减轻NSP时的高凝状态,未增加出血风险。     

血液灌流抢救急性中毒抗凝方法的探讨

目的　比较低分子肝素 (LMWH)与普通肝素 (SH)在血液灌流 (HP)中的安全性。方法　 5 0例急性中毒患者随机分为两组 ,分别进行LMWH和SH抗凝HP各 80次和 78次 ,治疗中观察患者出血和体外循环凝血情况 ,测定活化部分凝血酶时间 (APTT)、凝血酶时间 (TT)并与正常值对照。结果　两组体外循环凝血发生率低 ,且无明显差别 ,但透析 4小时LMWH组活化部分凝血酶时间 (APTT)、凝血酶时间 (TT)仅轻度延长 ,SH组均明显延长 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　使用LMWH后APTT、TT无明显延长 ,引起出血危险性低 ,是HP理想抗凝剂。     

低分子量肝素在肾综合征出血热血液透析中的应用

本文应用低分子量肝素（LMWH）抗凝进行血液透析，对60例重症肾综合征出血热（HFRS）急性肾衰病人进行治疗观察。结果显示：LMWH组无1例凝血、出血或原有出血加重；而普通肝素（SH）组出血29例次，两组有明显差异（PMO．01），LMWH组血透前后血浆部分凝血活酶活化时间（APTT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）无明显变化（P＞0．05），而SH组透后APTT、PT较透前明显延长（PMO．of），两组间比较差异非常显著（PMO．001）。本文说明LMWH对凝血系统和血小板功能影响小、出血危险性小、抗凝作用强，即解决SH抗凝所引起出血的危险，又…     

低分子肝素在流行性出血热肾衰血液透析中的应用

目的比较无肝素和低分子肝素(LMWH)在流行性出血热(EHF)肾衰患者血液透析中的疗效和安全性.方法对28例EHF肾衰患者进行交叉设计,分别接受无肝素和低分子肝素血液透析,观察出血,透析0、2、4h部分凝血活酶活化时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、血小板计数(PLT),凝血情况以及透析效果.结果无肝素组无1例加重出血,透析0、2、4小时APTT、PT、PLT无明显变化.但凝血发生率45%,30%需更换透析器.LMWH组无1例发生凝血,仅1例出血加重(1.5%),透析2hAPTT,PT较透前明显延长(P＜0.05),透析4h基本恢复到治疗前水平(P＞0.05).透析0、2、4h PLT无明显变化.LMWH组透析效果优于无肝素组(P＜0.05).结论LMWH安全、透析效果佳,可广泛用于EHF急性肾衰血液透析中.     

低分子肝素联合阿司匹林对复发性自然流产患者血凝状态的影响

目的:探讨低分子肝素(LMWH)联合阿司匹林对复发性自然流产(RM)患者血凝状态的影响.方法:将98例血栓前状态(PTS)复发性自然流产患者随机分为两组,每组49例.对照组行口服阿司匹林肠溶片;研究组在对照组治疗的基础上行LMWH腹壁皮下注射,对比治疗前后两组患者凝血状态改善情况及母婴结局.结果:治疗后两组患者的凝血四项中PT、TT、APTT值较治疗前显著升高,研究组的提高水平显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义;FIB、D-二聚体(D-Dimer)水平较治疗前显著降低,研究组的改善水平与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义;两组治疗后PLT水平与治疗前比较降低,差异有显著性意义,组间比较无显著性差异.结论:LMWH联合阿司匹林能显著改善RM患者的凝血状态,恢复凝血和抗凝平衡,缓解患者血栓前状态,提高妊娠活婴产率,降低流产率.     

低分子肝素联合GP方案治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的:探讨低分子肝素(LMWH)联合GP方案治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的近期疗效。方法:将首次确诊的81例Ⅲb或Ⅳ期NSCLC患者分为:对照组(GP方案化疗) 40例和观察组(LMWH联合GP方案化疗) 41例。治疗2周期后评价其疗效,监测两组治疗前、后凝血功能;观察两组治疗前、后卡氏评分(KPS)及不良反应。结果:(1)近期疗效:客观缓解率(ORR)及疾病控制率(DCR)上观察组均优于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。(2)治疗后观察组PT、FIB、D-二聚体值均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。(3)治疗后观察组KPS评分较对照组有显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。(4)不良反应:观察组发现白细胞减少5例,2例肝功能轻度异常;对照组发现白细胞减少4例,1例肝功能轻度异常,经对症处理后均恢复正常。两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论:LMWH联合GP方案治疗中晚期NSCLC近期疗效优于GP方案,可明显改善患者凝血功能及生活质量,无严重不良反应。     

低分子肝素治疗脑梗死的临床研究

为观察低分子肝素 (LMWH)治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及其对凝血功能、血液流变学的影响 ,选取 5 0例脑梗死患者 ,随机分为治疗组和对照组 ,每组 2 5例 ,分别用LMWH和低分子右旋糖酐治疗。结果 ,治疗组有效率为 92 % ,显效率为6 4 %。治疗后纤维蛋白原、全血粘度及血浆粘度、血小板粘附率等都有显著改变 (P <0 0 1或 0 0 5 )。而对照组血液流变学指标改善不明显。凝血酶原时间 (PT)、白陶土部分凝血活酶时间 (KPTT)均有轻度延长 ,但无显著差异性。无 1例继发出血 ,显示LMWH治疗脑梗死安全、有效     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.