高住低训对优秀女子跆拳道运动员运动能力和血象的影响

目的:探讨高住低训对女子跆拳道运动员运动能力和血象的影响。方法:13名优秀女子跆拳道运动员随机分为实验组(高住低训,n=8)和对照组(n=5),分别在模拟海拔2500m低氧舱(氧浓度15.4%左右)内和平原环境下进行为期4周的高住低训和跆拳道常规专项训练。分别于实验前、高住低训第28天和高住低训结束后10天进行有氧运动能力和无氧运动能力测试,并于实验前1天、高住低训期间每周及高住低训结束后第3、12天清晨空腹取血进行血细胞分析。结果:(1)实验组高住低训第28天和高住低训结束后10天VO2max和PWC170均显著高于实验前(P<0.01),4000m成绩显著优于实验前(P<0.01)。对照组变化不明显。(2)实验组高住低训结束后10天Wingate最高功率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组高住低训第28天和高住低训结束后10天Wingate平均功率均显著高于自身实验前(P<0.05和P<0.01),Wingate疲劳指数则分别显著低于自身实验前(P<0.05和P<0.01)。对照组无明显变化。(3)实验组高住低训第28天血红蛋白、红细胞数目、红细胞压积显著高于自身实验前(P<0.05),实验组在高住低训第25天和28天血红蛋白水平分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结果表明,为期28天的模拟海拔2500m高度的高住低训能提高女子跆拳道运动员有氧运动能力,同时在一定程度上提高其无氧功和60秒踢靶成绩。另外,高住低训可以提高与跆拳道运动员机体载氧能力直接相关的血液指标水平,这种改变主要表现在实验第3、4周。     

高住低练对划船运动员血清氧化应激水平的影响

目的 :探讨高住低练 (运动员睡在相当于海拔 2 5 0 0m的高度 ,在平原训练 )对机体氧化应激水平的影响。方法 :2 0名划船运动员随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组先进行 2周的低住低练 ,再进行 4周的高住低练 ,再进行 2周的低住低练 ;而对照组则进行 8周的低住低练。在 8周的实验期间 ,两组对象的训练内容、方式、运动量及强度均相同。分别于不同时间测定机体血清氧化应激水平。结果 :在整个实验过程中 ,实验组血清MDA浓度和SOD活性无明显变化 ,总抗氧化力第 5周出现明显下降 ,第 9周又出现明显升高。对照组血清MDA浓度第 5周明显下降 ,第 7周和第 9周则明显增加 ,而SOD活性和总抗氧化力的变化与MDA相反。结论 :4周模拟海拔 2 5 0 0m高住低练对机体的氧化应激水平有积极的效应。     

高住低练对田径运动员血清转铁蛋白受体及促红细胞生成素水平的影响

本文通过对20名女子田径运动员进行随机对照实验,观察高住低练过程中血清转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)、血红蛋白(Hb)和网织红细胞数(Ret)的变化。结果发现对照组运动员在训练中各时相点上述指标均无明显变化。高住低练组运动员血清EPO水平第3天、第7天和第2周较实验前显著增加,但4周后恢复到实验前水平;sTfR在第7天有增加趋势,第2周与实验前比较有高度显著性差异,高住低练结束后1周有所下降,但仍高于实验前水平;高住低练第7天Ret显著增加,但4周后有所下降;第2周Hb较实验前显著增加,且持续至高住低练结束后2周。结果表明在高住低练过程中,sTfR能反映EPO的变化,但在时相上有差异。sTfR可能更能反映高住低练过程中红细胞的生成状况。     

艾灸尺泽穴对中长跑运动员肺活量及1000米跑成绩之影响

目的:探讨艾灸尺泽穴对中长跑运动员肺活量及耐力跑成绩的影响。方法:将24名中长跑运动员均匀分为实验组和对照组。选用我国传统艾灸方法,对实验组运动员左、右臂尺泽穴进行5个疗程的温和灸法,测定实验前后两组运动员肺活量和1000m跑成绩。结果:5个疗程后实验组运动员的平均肺活量较实验前显著提高(P<0.01),而对照组平均肺活量实验前后差异不明显。实验前,两组受试者1000m跑成绩无显著差异(P>0.05),实验后实验组1000m跑成绩显著优于实验前和对照组(P<0.01)。结论:艾灸尺泽穴有助于提高中长跑运动员的肺活量和耐力跑成绩。     

采用低氧帐篷进行高住低练对运动员睡眠质量及相关精神因素的影响

目的:探讨采用低氧帐篷模拟海拔2500米进行高住低练对运动员睡眠质量及相关精神因素的影响。方法:20名男子划船运动员、16名女子摔跤运动员、16名女子游泳运动员,根据不同项目特点,将运动员随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组每晚9∶00至次日晨7∶00在帐篷内休息与睡眠,两组在实验期间的训练运动量及强度基本一致。实验期共4周。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数和状态—特质焦虑问卷,分别在实验前、高住低练1周后、2周后、4周后对运动员的睡眠、焦虑及抑郁情况进行测试。对照组运动员同时进行测试。实验过程中,通过访谈了解影响运动员睡眠的主要因素,并采取改进措施。结果:高住低练组运动员实验1周后的睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍及总分均显著高于实验前和对照组,而实验4周后其睡眠质量和睡眠时间得分显著低于实验前和对照组。高住低练初期影响睡眠的主要因素有仪器噪音、帐篷内湿度及受试者对缺氧的顾虑等。结论:采用低氧帐篷进行高住低练会影响运动员的睡眠质量,应积极采取措施消除其影响因素,从而使运动员睡眠得以改善。     

低氧训练对大鼠骨骼肌VEGF mRNA表达及毛细血管密度的影响

目的:探讨低氧训练对大鼠骨骼肌血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)mRNA水平表达及毛细血管密度的影响.方法:选用6周龄雄性SD大鼠120只,经3周适应性训练和力竭实验筛选出90只,随机分为9组:常氧安静对照组、持续低氧安静组、间歇低氧安静组、低住低练组、高住高练组、高住低练组、低住高练组、高住高练后复氧训练组、高住低练后复氧训练组.采用常压低氧舱以13.6%的氧浓度(相当于海拔3500m的氧浓度)作为低氧环境,根据血乳酸一速度曲线确定大鼠常氧训练的强度为35m/min,低氧训练的强度为30m/min.低氧训练持续时间为6周,每周训练5天.在第6周末的最后一次运动后休息48小时后处死大鼠并取材.采用实时荧光定量PCR技术、免疫组化染色法检测大鼠骨骼肌VEGF mRNA表达及毛细血管密度.结果:与常氧安静对照组相比,高住高练组骨骼肌VEGF mRNA表达明显提高(P＜0.01),而高住低练组和低住高练组变化不明显;高住高练后复氧训练l周,大鼠骨骼肌VEGF mRNA表达有非常显著性下降(P＜0.01),回到常氧安静组水平.与常氧安静对照组相比,高住高练组和低住高练组骨骼肌毛细血管密度增加,有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:(1)高住高练比高住低练和低住高练更能显著提高骨骼肌VEGFmRNA表达水平.(2)低氧-常氧的反复刺激更有利于血管生成.低氧下训练比常氧下训练更有利于提高骨骼肌毛细血管密度.低住高练和高住高练对血管生成的效果好于高住低练.     

不同低氧训练模式对大鼠血液运氧能力的影响

目的:研究三种低氧训练模式对大鼠血液运氧能力的影响。方法:70只雄性SD大鼠,经过适应性训练和力竭实验筛选出40只,平均分成4组,保证每组大鼠体重、力竭时间、力竭后血乳酸基本一致,采用双盲法分为:对照组、高住高练组、高住低练组和低住高练组。采用水平动物跑台进行耐力训练,常氧下运动强度为35m/min,低氧下运动强度为30m/min,1h/天,5天/周,持续训练6周。最后一次训练后恢复48h腹主动脉取血。采用全血分析仪测定血液RBC、Hb和Hct,分光光度计测定血液2,3-二磷酸甘油酸(2,3-DPG)含量。结果:与对照组比较,高住高练组大鼠血液RBC、Hb、Hct和2,3-DPG显著升高;高住低练组和低住高练组大鼠RBC、Hb、Hct和2,3-DPG与对照组比较无显著性差异。结果提示,就提高机体运氧能力而言,高住高练效果优于高住低练和低住高练。     

高住高练低训对优秀女子中长跑运动员心功能的影响

目的:探讨高住高练低训对优秀女子中长跑运动员心功能的影响。方法:7名国家女子中长跑运动员,进行为期4周的高住高练低训(HiHiLo):在每日完成正常平原训练计划的基础上,每周进行三次低氧训练,训练方式为蹬功率自行车,强度为个体80%VO2max,时间为40分钟,氧浓度为14.7%左右(相当于海拔2800米高度)。此外,每晚在低氧房居住10小时,房内氧含量为14.7%(相当于海拨2800米高度),实验期为4周。采用负荷彩色超声多普勒监测高住高练低训前后心功能的变化,并且监测高住高练低训前后最大摄氧量、血压和体重的变化。结果显示,高住高练低训后的左室重量、左室重量指数、室间隔舒张末期厚度,左室后壁收缩末期厚度在安静状态下较高住高练低训前显著增加(P<0.05),收缩压和舒张压较高住高练低训前明显升高(P<0.05),右心室前后径较高住高练低训前明显减小(P<0.05)。二尖瓣舒张期充盈时间(DFT)在安静及运动负荷状态下均较高住高练低训前显著增加(P<0.05)。高住高练低训前后空腹体重无明显差异,高住高练低训后血压较训练前明显升高(P<0.05)。高住高练低训后最大摄氧量相对值较训练前有所增加,但无显著性差异。结果提示高住高练低训对心脏功能无不良影响,HiHiLo在某种程度上有利于心力储备功能的增强。     

高住高练低训对优秀女子跆拳道运动员红细胞膜及有氧能力的影响

目的:探讨高住高练低训(HiHiLo)对运动员红细胞膜和有氧能力的影响。方法:13名女子跆拳道运动员分为实验组(8名)和对照组(5名),进行4周实验。实验组每晚在低氧房(氧浓度14.7%,模拟海拔2800m高原环境)居住10小时,每周在低氧房进行3次72%最大摄氧量蹬功率自行车练习,每次30分钟;对照组平原居住,每周在平原环境进行3次80%最大摄氧量蹬功率自行车练习,每次30分钟。两组平时的专项训练由同一教练、按同一训练计划、于同一道馆进行。分别于实验前、入住10小时、实验1周、2周、3周、4周测试两组受试者血液红细胞变形指数、红细胞膜流动性、膜band-3蛋白含量以及个体无氧阈(ILT)。结果:实验组在实验3周时band-3蛋白含量显著高于实验前(P<0.05);4周时,实验组band-3蛋白含量显著高于实验前(P<0.01)和对照组(P<0.05);实验组4周时的ILT显著高于实验前(P<0.05)和对照组(P<0.01)。结论:HiHiLo可提高红细胞膜band-3蛋白含量,有利于红细胞发挥正常生理功能;HiHiLo可提高机体有氧运动能力。     

高住高练对肥胖大鼠肝脏SREBP-1c表达的影响

目的:探讨高住高练对高脂饮食肥胖大鼠肝脏SREBP-1c表达的影响。方法:出生21天离乳SD雄性大鼠280只,肥胖造模成功后挑选160只,2周适应性训练后筛选130只,随机分为13组:对照组(同时视为低住低练0周组、低氧安静0周组和高住高练0周组),低住低练1、2、3、4周组,低氧安静1、2、3、4周组,高住高练1、2、3、4周组。用水平动物跑台进行有氧耐力运动,低住低练各组在常氧下进行速度为26 m/min、1 h/d、6 d/w的运动,分别持续1～4周;低氧安静各组每天在低氧下(氧浓度为13.6%,约相当于3500 m海拔高度)生活,自由活动,不安排训练,分别持续1～4周;高住高练各组每天在低氧下(氧浓度为13.6%)生活23 h,训练1 h,速度为21 m/min,6 d/w,分别持续1～4周(非训练日生活24 h)。对照组于正式实验开始前、安静组于相应周数后、运动组于最后一次训练后恢复24 h取材。分别采用实时荧光定量PCR技术和Western Blot技术检测大鼠肝脏SREBP-1c基因和蛋白表达。结果:相同训练模式不同周数之间比较,高住高练组大鼠肝脏SREBP-1c mRNA和蛋白表达在第1、2、4周较对照组均变化无统计学意义(P>0.05),第3周mRNA表达降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),第3周蛋白表达下降,与1、2周组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相同周数不同训练模式之间比较,第1、4周,高住高练组肝脏SREBP-1cmRNA和蛋白表达与低住低练组和低氧安静组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),第2周高住高练组SREBP-1c蛋白表达高于低住低练组(P<0.01),第3周高住高练组SREBP-1c mRNA和蛋白表达低于低氧安静组(P<0.05)。结论:3周高住高练抑制肥胖大鼠肝脏SREBP-1c mRNA和蛋白表达效果较好。     

The effect of altitude on cycling performance: a challenge to traditional concepts.

Acute exposure to moderate altitude is likely to enhance cycling performance on flat terrain because the benefit of reduced aerodynamic drag outweighs the decrease in maximum aerobic power [maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)]. In contrast, when the course is mountainous, cycling performance will be reduced at moderate altitude. Living and training at altitude, or living in an hypoxic environment (approximately 2500 m) but training near sea level, are popular practices among elite cyclists seeking enhanced performance at sea level. In an attempt to confirm or refute the efficacy of these practices, we reviewed studies conducted on highly-trained athletes and, where possible, on elite cyclists. To ensure relevance of the information to the conditions likely to be encountered by cyclists, we concentrated our literature survey on studies that have used 2- to 4-week exposures to moderate altitude (1500 to 3000 m). With acclimatisation there is strong evidence of decreased production or increased clearance of lactate in the muscle, moderate evidence of enhanced muscle buffering capacity (beta m) and tenuous evidence of improved mechanical efficiency (ME) of cycling. Our analysis of the relevant literature indicates that, in contrast to the existing paradigm, adaptation to natural or simulated moderate altitude does not stimulate red cell production sufficiently to increase red cell volume (RCV) and haemoglobin mass (Hb(mass)). Hypoxia does increase serum erthyropoietin levels but the next step in the erythropoietic cascade is not clearly established; there is only weak evidence of an increase in young red blood cells (reticulocytes). Moreover, the collective evidence from studies of highly-trained athletes indicates that adaptation to hypoxia is unlikely to enhance sea level VO2max. Such enhancement would be expected if RCV and Hb(mass) were elevated. The accumulated results of 5 different research groups that have used controlled study designs indicate that continuous living and training at moderate altitude does not improve sea level performance of high level athletes. However, recent studies from 3 independent laboratories have consistently shown small improvements after living in hypoxia and training near sea level. While other research groups have attributed the improved performance to increased RCV and VO2max, we cite evidence that changes at the muscle level (beta m and ME) could be the fundamental mechanism. While living at altitude but training near sea level may be optimal for enhancing the performance of competitive cyclists, much further research is required to confirm its benefit. If this benefit does exist, it probably varies between individuals and averages little more than 1%.     

3周高住低练对女子自行车运动员无氧功的影响

目的:探讨3周高住低练(HiLo)对女子自行车运动员无氧能力的影响。方法:上海自行车队8名优秀女子运动员进行为期3周的HiLo,每天在低氧环境下(模拟海拔2500m)睡眠10个小时,每周6天,常氧下正常训练。分别于HiLo前后进行内容相同的10sec和60sec无氧功测试,测定运动后即刻、运动后恢复3min的心率。结果:(1)3周HiLo后,两种无氧功测试中的最大功率分别提高了3.43%和3.02%;(2)60sec无氧功测试中的平均功率显著提高了5.72%(P<0.05);(3)在60sec无氧功测试中,第1、2个20sec分段的平均功率分别提高了6.15%、6.17%(P<0.05)。结论:3周HiLo对女子自行车运动员的磷酸原供能能力未产生显著影响;运动员无氧糖酵解能力有所改善。     

Erythropoiesis and performance after two weeks of living high and training low in well trained triathletes

The purpose of our study was to evaluate hematologic acclimatization during 2 weeks of intensive normoxic training with regeneration at moderate altitude (living high-training low, LHTL) and its effects on sea-level performance in well trained athletes compared to another group of equally trained athletes under control conditions (living low - training low, CONTROL). Twenty-one triathletes were ascribed either to LHTL (n = 11; age: 23.0 +/- 4.3 yrs; VO 2 max: 62.5 +/- 9.7 [ml x min -1 x kg -1]) living at 1956 m of altitude or to CONTROL (n = 10; age: 18.7 +/- 5.6 yrs; VO 2 max: 60.5 +/- 6.7 ml x min -1 x kg -1) living at 800 m. Both groups performed an equal training schedule at 800 m. VO 2 max, endurance performance, erythropoietin in serum, hemoglobin mass (Hb tot, CO-rebreathing method) and hematological quantities were measured. A tendency to improved performance in LHTL after the camp was not significant (p < 0.07). Erythropoietin concentration increased temporarily in LHTL (Delta 14.3 +/- 8.7 mU x ml -1; p < 0.012). Hb tot remained unchanged in LHTL whereas was slightly decreased from 12.5 +/- 1.3 to 11.9 +/- 1.3g x kg -1 in CONTROL (p < 0.01). As the reticulocyte number tended to higher values in LHTL than in CONTROL, it seems that a moderate stimulation of erythropoiesis during regeneration at altitude served as a compensation for an exercise-induced destruction of red cells.     

The effect of intermittent hypoxic training via a hypoxic inhaler on physiological and performance measures in rowers: A pilot study

Intermittent hypoxic training and discontinuous exposure to altitude were used to improve performance at sea level in elite rowers. Altitude was simulated with a newly patented device which allowed athletes to experience altitude by re-breathing oxygen-depleted expired air. Seven elite rowers (five females, two males) used inhalers for a 90-min supervised daily session (alternating 6 min on and 4 min off) for 3 weeks, while four female elite rowers used placebo devices in the same sessions. The inhalers were adjusted to produce a progressive decrease in oxygen saturation over the 3 weeks (initially 90%; finally 80%). Immediately before and 7-10 days after altitude exposure, the rowers performed an incremental lactate test to determine power output equivalent to 4 mM [BLa], a 500-m time trial and a 5000-m time trial, all on a rowing ergometer. Relative to the control group, the altitude group showed a slight improvement in mean power for the 5000-m time trial (0.6%, 90% likely limits +/-3.7%), and a substantial impairment in mean power for the 500-m trial (2.2%, +/-4.1%). Power at 4-mM lactate declined in both groups, but overall the altitude group improved by 0.4% (+/-3.5%) relative to control. The device represents a practical way to simulate altitude exposure, but it is unlikely to have major effects on performance of elite rowers.     

Exercise training and intensity does not alter vascular volume responses in women

PURPOSE: The effect of endurance training on vascular volumes in females has received little research attention. Further, the effect of exercise training intensity on vascular volumes is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the hypothesis that greater hematologic changes would be induced in women by higher exercise intensity during endurance training. METHODS: There were 26 healthy, sedentary adult females with the following characteristics (mean +/- SD): maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) = 30.0+/-6.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); age = 32+/-5 yr; body mass index (BMI) = 23.7+/-3.6 kg x m(-2)) who were randomly assigned to control (CON, n = 8); high intensity (HI, 80% of VO2max, n = 10), or low intensity (LO, 40% of VO2max, n = 8) cycle ergometer training groups. Training, conducted 3-5 (3.37+/-0.05) d x wk(-1) for 12 wk, was supervised. Estimated exercise energy expenditure was equated across training groups, progressing from 150-375 kcal per session (mean +/- SE across training weeks = 298+/-0.34 and 297+/-0.37 kcal per session for HI and LO, respectively). Plasma volume (PV, T-1824 dilution); calculated total blood (TBV) and red cell volumes (RCV); calculated total hemoglobin (THb); erythropoietin concentration ([Epo]) and selected hematologic variables were measured at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12 of training. RESULTS: The observed relative (percent) changes in PV, TBV, RCV and THb from pre-training baseline values were not statistically significant. Decreases (p < 0.05) in hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin ([Hb]) and RBC count were observed in both training groups. Mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) and Hb concentration (MCHC) increased (p < 0.05) during training. [Epo] was decreased at week 2 compared with baseline (p < 0.03), but was similar to baseline at weeks 4, 8 and 12. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, endurance training did not increase PV, TBV, RCV and THb in previously sedentary females regardless of the intensity of training.     

Intermittent hypoxic training: fact and fancy

Intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) refers to the discontinuous use of normobaric or hypobaric hypoxia, in an attempt to reproduce some of the key features of altitude acclimatization, with the ultimate goal to improve sea-level athletic performance. In general, IHT can be divided into two different strategies: (1) providing hypoxia at rest with the primary goal being to stimulate altitude acclimatization or (2) providing hypoxia during exercise, with the primary goal being to enhance the training stimulus. Each approach has many different possible application strategies, with the essential variable among them being the "dose" of hypoxia necessary to achieve the desired effect. One approach, called living high-training low, has been shown to improve sea-level endurance performance. This strategy combines altitude acclimatization (2500 m) with low altitude training to ensure high-quality training. The opposite strategy, living low-training high, has also been proposed by some investigators. The primacy of the altitude acclimatization effect in IHT is demonstrated by the following facts: (1) living high-training low clearly improves performance in athletes of all abilities, (2) the mechanism of this improvement is primarily an increase in erythropoietin, leading to increased red cell mass, V(O2max), and running performance, and (3) rather than intensifying the training stimulus, training at altitude or under hypoxia leads to the opposite effect - reduced speeds, reduced power output, reduced oxygen flux - and therefore is not likely to provide any advantage for a well-trained athlete.     

高住低练对大鼠心肌线粒体活性氧的影响

目的:探讨常压不同低氧(14.5%、12.6%氧含量)环境下(相当于模拟海拔3000m和4000m)高住低练对大鼠心肌线粒体活性氧(ROS)的影响,为运动与低氧适应的应用研究提供参考。方法:120只SD大鼠,随机分为12组,分别为低住安静组、低住低练组、急性高住安静组、急性高住运动组、急性高住低练组、高住安静组和高住低练组,5个高住组又分为常压14.5%氧含量和12.6%含氧量2个亚组。采用二氯荧光素双醋酸盐(DCFH-DA)荧光探针观察线粒体ROS的变化。结果:急性低氧应激后,大鼠心肌线粒体ROS呈上升趋势。与低住安静组相比,模拟海拔3000m和4000m急性高住安静组和急性高住运动组线粒体ROS均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与低住低练组相比,急性高住运动组均显著升高(P<0.01),模拟海拔4000m高住低练组显著升高(P<0.05);与急性高住运动组相比,模拟海拔3000m急性高住低练组和高住低练组均显著下降(P<0.05),可见模拟海拔3000m高住低练能使ROS生成减少。结果提示:心肌线粒体ROS可能参与低氧适应的形成和发展,高住低练有利于缺氧耐受性的形成。     

高住高练低训对足球运动员红细胞CD35数量及活性变化的影响

目的:通过观察4周模拟海拔3000米高住高练低训(HiHiLo)过程中红细胞CD35数量及红细胞C3bRR、ICR的变化,探讨HiHiLo对机体红细胞CD35数量及活性的影响。方法:将16名足球专项运动员随机分为实验组(高住高练低训)和对照组(低住低训)。实验组每晚入住低氧房(O2浓度14.2%,相当于海拔3000米高度)10小时,每周2次低氧房内72%VO2max蹬功率自行车运动30分钟;对照组每周2次正常条件下80%VO2max蹬功率自行车运动30分钟。两组每周同时进行3次由同一教练执导的专项训练。实验期共4周。分别于实验前、入住低氧房10小时、实验2周末、3周末和4周末清晨抽取受试者肘静脉血,采用流式细胞仪检测红细胞CD35几何平均荧光强度,采用红细胞免疫花环试验检测红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)和红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RBC-ICR)。结果:实验4周后,实验组和对照组CD35数量较实验前分别下降了4.9%和10.5%(P<0.05),红细胞C3b受体花环率较实验前分别下降了16.7%和24.9%(P<0.01),红细胞IC花环率较实验前分别升高了29.9%(P<0.05)和32.4%。结果表明:(1)HiHiLo对人体红细胞CD35数量的影响不如对红细胞CD35活性的影响明显;(2)HiHiLo影响RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR较低住低训更明显,HiHiLo3周后实验组运动员出现临床上的继发性免疫低下现象,4周末有所好转。