微创治疗膝关节脱位伴多根韧带损伤40例疗效分析

目的探讨应用膝关节镜技术并结合关节外微创切口治疗膝关节脱位合并多根韧带损伤的疗效。方法 2006年9月～2011年2月共收治40例患者,其中男性32例,女8例,年龄16～48岁,平均32岁。全部采用膝关节镜技术进行前后交叉韧带重建,微创切口进行内外侧副韧带重建。所有患者术前术后均进行Lysholm和IKDC2000评分,评价膝关节功能恢复情况。结果所有病例随访平均28.4个月(6～40个月),大多数患者对疗效满意,关节活动度和稳定性明显改善。术前Lysholm得分平均(6.175±4.038)分,术后Lysholm得分平均(85.075±5.576)分,优良率87.5%,差异有统计学意义(t=84.828,P0.001)。术前IKDC2000评分D级40例,术后IKDC2000评分A级11例,B级25例,C级4例,优良率90%。结论采用膝关节镜技术并结合小切口治疗膝关节脱位合并多根韧带损伤,具有疗效确切、创伤小、恢复快等特点。     

Traumatic bilateral posterior dislocation of the shoulder: a case report

Introduction. Bilateral posterior dislocation of the shoulder is a rare injury, accounted for about 2–5% of all shoulder dislocations. Main courses are electrical shock, epilepsy or extreme trauma with uncontrolled muscle forces. We report about a case of bilateral posterior shoulder dislocation without additional fractures but with a concomitant acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Case presentation. A 46-year-old Caucasian motorcyclist presented to our facility after a fall on slippery ground. He claimed pain in both shoulders with limited range of motion. The initial X-rays were inconclusive, clinical examination showed typical findings of a Rockwood injury with an additional limited external rotation so that a posterior shoulder dislocation was suspected. The CT scan confirmed the clinical suspicion. A closed reduction was performed followed by immobilization in a shoulder abduction pillow for 4 weeks and continuous physiotherapy. Upon follow up normal function with full range of motion was observed. Conclusion. A bilateral posterior shoulder dislocation can be caused by trauma and results in a limited range of motion with often additional injuries. Due to the unusually presentation the risk of missing the injury is increased. Therefore it is most important to consider this rare diagnosis and in case of clinical suspicion perform a careful algorithm of diagnostic.     

Direct hits to the head during amateur boxing is associated with a rise in serum biomarkers for brain injury

Boxing exposes participants to the physiological response to high intensity exercise and also to direct body and brain trauma. Amateur boxing is increasing and females have also been included in the Olympics. The aim of this study is to assess the stress response and possible brain injury incurred during a match by measuring serum biomarkers associated with stress and cellular brain injury before and after combat. Sixteen male amateur boxers were studied retrospectively. The study population was divided into two groups: (a) a group that received predominantly punches to the head (PTH) and (b) a group that received predominantly punches to the body (PTB). Blood samples were taken before and five minutes after each contest. They were analysed for S-100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), creatine kinase (CK) and cortisol. The PTH group received direct contacts to the head (not blocked, parried or avoided) and to the body (n=8, age: 17.6 ± 5.3, years; height: 1.68 ± 0.13, meters; mass: 65.4 ± 20.3, kg). The PTB group received punches to the body including blocked and parried punches, but received no direct punches to the head, (n=8, mean ± SD, age: 19.1 ± 3.2 years; height: 1.70 ± 0.75, meters; mass: 68.5 ± 15 kg). Significant increases (P<0.05) were observed between pre- and post-combat serum concentrations in serum concentrations in PTH of S-100B (0.35 ± 0.61 vs. 0.54 ± 0.73, μg.L-1) NSE (19.7 ± 14 vs.31.1 ± 26.6, ng.ml-1) and cortisol (373 ± 202 vs. 756 ± 93, nmol.L-1). Significant increases (P<0.05) of creatine kinase were recorded in both groups. This study demonstrates significant elevations in neurochemical biomarkers in boxers who received direct blows to the head. However, further work is required to quantify this volumetric brain damage and long term clinical sequelae.     

IL-1、IL-6、TNF-在肩峰撞击综合征患者肩峰下滑囊的表达及意义

目的探讨IL-1、IL-6、TNF-在肩峰撞击综合征患者肩峰下滑囊的表达及临床意义。方法 26例患者被列入实验,分为实验组和对照组,实验组肩峰撞撞击综合征患者16例,对照组非肩峰撞撞击综合征肩部损伤10例,实验组采用关节镜微创术式取SAB标本,对照组采取开放手术方式取得标本,采用ELISA法测SAB中IL-1、IL-6、TNF-含量。结果与空白组相比,实验组的IL-1、IL-6、TNF-在肩峰下滑囊的表达水平明显升高（P〈0.05）有统计学意义。结论肩峰下撞击综合征导致的肩峰下滑囊炎的慢性炎症反应是导致患者肩痛及功能障碍的重要病理基础,在肩峰撞击综合征患者行肩峰下成形术时应广泛、彻底地切除肩峰下滑囊。     

关节镜下治疗膝关节半月板损伤7例分析

目的 探讨关节镜下膝关节半月板损伤治疗方法。方法 自2001年12月至2003年5月对7例膝关节半月板损伤进行关节镜下检查及治疗。7例中，右侧5例，左侧2例；内侧半月板损伤3例，外侧半月板4例。O‘Connor关节镜下损伤类型：斜形撕裂2例，水平撕裂1例，纵形撕裂1例，瓣状撕裂2例，复合撕裂1例；半月板部分切除术3例，半月板次全切除术4例。结果 7例均经随访，随访时间12～30个月，平均20个月。7例患者均于次日进行股四头肌等长训练，第3天膝关节开始屈伸活动，第7天下地行走，2周基本恢复正常膝关节活动功能，未发生关节镜器械折断在关节腔现象，无骨关节炎表现。结论 关节镜技术治疗膝关节半月板损伤具有损伤小、恢复快等优点。     

不同手术方法治疗肩关节习惯性脱位245例效果观察

目的观察不同手术方法治疗肩关节习惯性脱位的临床效果。方法 1988年5月～2009年11月分别采用Putti-Platt术、Weber术、Bristow术和关节镜下Bankart修补术治疗肩关节习惯性脱位245例,随访6个月～4年,观察疗效。结果 Putti-Platt术优良率71.1%,Weber术优良率85.3%,Bristow术优良率80.3%,关节镜下Bankart修补术优良率95.2%。结论关节镜下Bankart修补术较其他开放性术式治疗肩关节习惯性脱位创伤小,恢复快,手术肩关节功能恢复好,但应严格掌握手术适应证。     

磁共振成像与关节镜检查对半月板损伤诊治的价值比较

目的 探索磁共振成像(MRI)与关节镜检查对膝关节半月板损伤的临床诊疗价值.方法 对125例膝关节半月板损伤患者的MRI及关节镜检查资料进行回顾性分析.结果 MRI检查阳性率为49.2％,关节镜检查阳性率为50.8％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MRI检查Ⅲ级64例;关节镜检查未破裂64例,半月板损伤中以斜行型和混合型为最多;MRI检查的敏感性为97.0％( 64/66),特异性为95.3％(61/64),准确性为93.1％(121/130).结论 MRI是膝关节损伤的首选诊断方法,同时对于指导治疗、协助手术方案的确定亦具有重要意义.     

改良膝后路小切口配合关节镜治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折42例疗效观察

目的:探讨后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的一种新的手术治疗方法。方法:2002年8月至2005年1月共治疗42例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的患者,先行关节镜检,处理关节内的合并伤,然后通过改良膝后路小切口切开复位并用带垫片空心松质骨拉力螺钉内固定。结果:42例均得到随访,时间4~30个月,平均16.5个月。疗效采用童松林等标准评定,优40例,良1例,可1例,差0例,优良率为97.62%。所有病例术后3个月均获正常范围活动。结论:本术式为后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折提供了一种新的手术方法,简便易行,便于推广应用。     

膝关节交叉韧带损伤的磁共振成像诊断价值

目的　研究膝关节交叉韧带损伤的磁共振成像(MRI)表现特点及MRI对交叉韧带损伤的诊断价值。方法　回顾性分析4 5例膝关节交叉韧带的MRI检查结果并与关节镜检查结果进行对照分析,观察交叉韧带影像解剖特点和交叉韧带损伤的MRI信号特点。MRI检查采用SE、TSE矢状位、冠状位及横断位T1WI、T2 WI及STIR。结果　交叉韧带损伤的MRI表现为韧带连续性中断、局灶性或弥漫性肿胀、信号强度增高及断端移位;以及关节镜检查结果为标准,MRI诊断交叉韧带损伤的灵敏度为91 .1% ,特异度为95 . 6 % ,符合率为88 .9%。结论　MRI扫描是一种多平面、多序列的准确诊断交叉韧带损伤的无创检查方法,为临床制订治疗方案提供可靠依据。     

肩关节镜下双排缝合桥技术治疗老年肩袖损伤46例

目的 探讨肩关节镜下双排缝合桥修复手术对老年肩袖损伤病人疼痛、手臂与肩部功能障碍（DASH）评分及再撕裂发生率的影响。方法 回顾性分析2018年8月至2020年2月阜阳市第二人民医院收治的89例老年肩袖损伤病人的临床资料,依照手术方法的不同划分成对照组（肩关节镜下单排铆钉固定）、治疗组（肩关节镜下双排缝合桥修复手术）,分别为43例、46例。于术前、术后1年采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评定患肩疼痛度,采用手臂与肩部功能障碍（DASH）评分量表评定肩关节功能,测量患肩关节前屈、外展活动度,并统计两组1年内再撕裂发生率。通过logistic回归分析确定病人术后再撕裂发生的影响因素。结果 术后1年两组不同撕裂程度病人VAS、DASH评分及患肩关节前屈、外展活动度与同组术前相比均明显改善（均P<0.05）,术后两组轻度撕裂病人上述指标改善情况比较差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,而治疗组中、重度撕裂病人上述指标改善情况均明显较对照组优（均P<0.05）;治疗组再撕裂发生率4.35%明显较对照组的23.26%低（P<0.05）;年龄、手术方式是病人术后再撕裂发生的影响因素...     

Warthin瘤MRI诊断的再认识（附13例分析）

目的：探讨Warthin瘤的MRI表现特征并结合相关文献加以分析,以提高对本病的认识。方法收集2006年6月-2013年6月我院及南京军区南京总医院共13例经病理证实的Warthin瘤患者临床和影像资料进行回顾性分析。结果13例Warthin瘤患者中,男11例,女2例;7例单发,6例多发,共21个病灶;病灶呈圆形或类圆形14个,类椭圆4个,分叶状2个,哑铃状1个;21个病灶位于后下部16个,5个病灶位于腮腺其它部位;病灶边缘在FSE T1WI上可见低信号环,在FSE T2WI脂肪抑制序列上呈等或稍高信号;在FSE T1WI上增强扫描病灶呈轻-中度强化。结论 Warthin瘤MRI表现具有一定的特征及好发部位,术前MRI检查不但可以对肿瘤进行定位,而且还可以定性,为临床制定正确的手术方案具有一定的指导意义。     

对药品不良反应伤害量化分级评分标准的研究

目的：设计一个简单易行的药品不良反应（ADR）伤害程度量化分级评分标准,为构建ADR补偿体系服务。方法：遴选部分专家,对不同器官和不同层级的ADR伤害进行评分。ADR伤害由重到轻初步分为1～10级,1级为最严重伤害,10级为最轻微伤害,根据评分结果进行统计分级。结果：ADR损害评分如下。极轻度伤害：〉8.20分,轻度伤害：7.05～8.20分,中度伤害：4.31～7.04分,重度伤害：2.79～4.30分,极重度伤害：≤2.78,死亡单独作为一级。结论：这一分级方法可行,可以为进一步的ADR伤害量化研究提供借鉴。     

肱二头肌长头腱“L”形转位上关节囊与肩袖索联合增强重建术治疗巨大肩袖撕裂

目的 探讨肩关节镜下肱二头肌长头腱“L”形转位上关节囊与肩袖索联合增强重建术治疗巨大肩袖撕裂的临床疗效。方法 36例巨大肩袖撕裂患者均采用肩关节镜手术治疗,镜下将肱二头肌长头腱“L”形转位进行上关节囊与肩袖索联合增强重建,随后再修复残存的肩袖组织。记录患者手术情况及并发症;术前和术后采用肩关节主动活动度、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、美国肩肘外科（ASES）评分、Constant-Murley评分及复旦大学肩关节功能评分（FUSS）进行肩关节功能和疼痛评价;肩关节正位X线片和三维CT评估肩关节退变程度、肱骨近端移位距离（PHM）;MRI评估重建组织结构完整情况。结果 所有患者手术顺利,21例（58%）行全层肩袖修复单排或双排缝合桥固定;15例（42%）行部分肩袖修复。25例肩胛下肌腱撕裂者使用单排技术修复。术中使用锚钉2～5枚,平均（3.8±1.4）枚。14例行肩峰有限成形术;12例行肱骨大结节成形术;10例同时行肩峰、肱骨大结节成形术。手术时间50～110 min,平均（83.21±21.57）min。穿刺口均甲级愈合,未呈现感染、脂肪液化、血管神经损伤等并发症。患者术后6、12个月,...     

Symptomatic multipartite patella: imaging findings and pain relief. A description of two cases

Musculoskeletal injuries in the non-elite athletes are a clinical entity that is being seen more frequently nowadays. The term “weekend warriors” applies to amateur participants in sports activities and is related to an increasing number of musculoskeletal injuries mainly due to overuse. Concomitant skeletal variations may as well predispose to trauma. We add to the literature two cases of multipartite patella in which locally injected ropivacaine (ropivacaine hydrochloride) and steroid (betamethasone acetate-betamethasone sodium phosphate) relieved the symptoms completely. Here, we describe the clinical, imaging features and the course of treatment.     

温针配合护理干预对肩关节镜术后患者镇痛消肿的效果研究

目的 探讨温针配合护理干预对肩关节镜术后患者镇痛消肿的效果.方法 80例行肩关节镜手术的患者,随机分为实验组及对照组,各40例.对照组术后常规服用镇痛药物,实验组术后在对照组的基础上予以温针配合护理干预.比较两组患者手术前后的肩关节疼痛情况及肿胀程度.结果 术前,两组患者的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分比较,差异无统计学...     

Progressive facial hemiatrophy with localized scleroderma.

A 46-year-old woman who presented with progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFH) following localized scleroderma is described. The patient had a markedly deformed and depressed plaque surrounded by erythema on the right cheek. She also showed linear scleroderma with hair loss on the occipital area and morphea lesions on the neck and shoulder. Histological findings of the facial and other atrophic lesions were consistent with localized scleroderma. Therefore, the PFH and localized scleroderma may have had the same pathological background in this case.     

后颅窝脑肿瘤手术中颅神经电生理监护的作用

目的：研究在后颅窝肿瘤切除术中运用术中神经电生理监护颅神经功能。方法：选取本院2008年1月～2009年6月后颅窝脑肿瘤患者23例,所有患者在肿瘤切除过程中均监护第Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅻ对颅神经,分析效果。结果：肿瘤全切17例,肿瘤近全切3例,肿瘤部分切除3例。术后3个月House-Brackmann面瘫Ⅴ级患者2例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级3例,Ⅰ～Ⅱ级18例;吞咽功能减退2例。结论：后颅窝脑肿瘤手术中监护第Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅻ对颅神经肌电图能保护患者相应的颅神经功能。     

关节镜下儿童胫骨髁问棘骨折复位缝合加软骨钉固定的疗效观察

目的探讨关节镜下儿童胫骨髁间棘骨折复位缝合加软骨钉固定的临床疗效。方法对2009年1月1日～2012年6月30日本院收治的8例儿童胫骨髁间棘骨折的临床资料进行分析．所有患者进行关节镜探查、关节腔清理、骨折复位、撕脱骨块缝合加软骨钉固定,治疗后随访6～42个月,按照Lysholm评分方法了解骨折愈合、关节屈伸、膝关节负重后稳定性等情况。结果所有患者切口I期愈合,平均随访22个月。骨折愈合时间为4～8周,平均5周,1例复查X线片可见胫骨髁间棘仍有分离,但膝关节屈伸无影响,无髁间窝撞击表现,其余7例均骨折愈合良好,膝关节屈伸活动良好。Lysholm评分优秀7例,良好1例,一般及差0例。同时6个月内随着时间的延长关节功能持续恢复。结论儿童胫骨髁间棘骨折以Ⅱ、Ⅲ型多见,单纯骨折为主,很少合并半月板损伤。关节镜下缝合加软骨钉固定法操作简便、手术创伤小、恢复快,符合儿童骨生长快的特点。