84例皮炎湿疹类皮肤病斑贴试验结果分析

分析本地区皮炎湿疹患者斑贴试验的结果及临床意义,并比较成人组与儿童组阳性结果的异同.对东营市人民医院门诊确诊的84例变应性接触性皮炎和湿疹患者进行斑贴试验,对结果进行统计学分析.斑贴试验总阳性率60.71%,成人组阳性率为64.81%,儿童组阳性率53.33%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).20种变应原中总阳性率排前5名的分别是氯化钴、重铬酸钾、硫酸镍、对苯二胺、芳香混合物.成人组阳性率较高的分别是氯化钴、重铬酸钾、硫酸镍;儿童组阳性率较高的分别是:硫酸镍、甲醛、芳香混合物.氯化钴、重铬酸钾、硫酸镍是东营地区变应性接触性皮炎和湿疹的常见变应原,斑贴试验对寻找变应原及日常防护均有意义.     

皮炎湿疹类皮肤病201例斑贴试验结果分析

目的探讨皮炎湿疹类皮肤病患者的变应原,以期更好地诊断与治疗。方法对201例皮炎湿疹类患者进行瑞敏标准变应原系列斑贴试验检测。结果201例患者斑贴试验总阳性率77.6%,变应原阳性率位居前8位的分别是硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、氯化钴、芳香混合物、N-环己基硫酞内酯、夸特15、卡巴混合物、对苯类。男女性患者斑贴试验阳性率差异有显著性的变应原分别为N-环己基硫酞内酯、对苯类、卡巴混合物、夸特15。结论硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、氯化钴、芳香混合物、N-环己基硫酞内酯、夸特15、卡巴混合物、对苯类是目前引起皮炎湿疹类患者的主要变应原。N-环己基硫酞内酯、对苯类、卡巴混合物、夸特15是男性患者的主要变应原。     

手部湿疹313例接触过敏原分析

目的:探讨手部湿疹患者接触性变应原的分布及其特点。方法:应用斑贴试剂盒检测手部湿疹患者的接触性变应原,并分析与职业等因素的相关性。结果:受检的313例手部湿疹患者中有257例(82.11%)斑贴试验出现阳性反应,位列前6种最常见的致敏原分别为重铬酸钾、硫酸镍、芳香混合物、氯化钴、卡巴昆合物、甲醛,从事某些特定职业的手部湿疹患者阳性率明显较高。男性手部湿疹患者对重铬酸钾阳性检出率(34.96%)明显高于女性患者(17.37%),女性患者对硫酸镍的阳性检出率(30.00%)明显高于男性患者(13.01%)。结论:斑贴试验有助于查找手部湿疹患者的接触性变应原;手部湿疹与接触过敏原密切相关。     

皮炎湿疹599例致病因素分析

目的探讨环境接触性因素在皮炎湿疹类疾病发病中的作用及影响因素。方法对诊断皮炎湿疹的患者做斑贴试验并进行问卷调查。结果 599例皮炎湿疹患者中变应性接触性皮炎167例(27.88%),在整个患者中所占比例最高。斑贴试验结果变应原呈阳性反应者有441例(73.62%)。阳性率由高到低排列的前6位变应原为:硫酸镍、硫柳汞、辛酸盐、芳香混合物、卡巴混合物和重铬酸钾。结论斑贴试验是寻找皮炎湿疹病因的有效手段。     

过敏性皮肤病患者的接触性变应原分析：基于883例斑贴试验

 目的 了解过敏性皮肤病患者接触性变应原特点。 方法 回顾性分析883例过敏性皮肤病患者斑贴试验结果,并比较不同性别、年龄、疾病诊断的斑贴试验结果阳性率情况。 结果 斑贴试验阳性751例（85.05%）。前6位变应原依次为硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、硫柳汞、卡巴混合物、芳香混合物、夸特15。男性患者重铬酸钾（X²=48.58）和硫柳汞(X²=4.36)阳性率均高于女性（均P<0.05）。不同年龄组斑贴试验阳性率差异有统计学意义（X²=22.33,P<0.01）,其中18~45岁和46~59岁组硫酸镍阳性率均高于<18岁组（X²值分别为4.09、12.06,均P<0.01）,18~45岁组卡巴混合物阳性率及46~59岁组重铬酸钾阳性率也均高于<18岁组（X²值分别为7.50、7.47,均P<0.01）;18~45岁组硫柳汞阳性率高于>59岁组（X²=10.28,P<0.01）;而18~45岁组夸特15阳性率低于>59岁组（X²=12.06,P<0.01）。斑贴试验阳性率在不同过敏性皮肤病间差异无统计学意义（X²=4.26,P>0.05）。结论 硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、硫柳汞、卡巴混合物、芳香混合物、夸特15是本地区过敏性皮肤病的主要变应原。斑贴试验阳性率存在性别、年龄差异。     

不同部位的慢性湿疹与斑贴试验相关性研究

皮炎湿疹与多种变应原之间存在联系,并且发现不同部位的皮炎湿疹的常见变应原各不相同。引起面部湿疹和皮炎的致敏原主要为硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、对苯类、芳香混合物,手部主要为硫柳汞、芳香混合物、重铬酸钾、对苯二胺,脐周主要为硫酸镍。斑贴试验有助于明确慢性湿疹和皮炎患者的接触性致敏原,并发现不同部位皮炎和湿疹常见致敏原的不同。提示临床上应根据不同部位的皮炎湿疹采取不同措施。     

过敏性皮肤病患者斑贴试验结果分析及临床意义

目的研究过敏性皮肤病患者斑贴试验结果及临床意义.方法对254例湿疹、56例慢性荨麻疹、28例特应性皮炎患者进行斑贴试验检测.结果三组患者中阳性率较高的致敏原有四种物质相同,分别为硫酸镍、重铬酸甲、卡巴混合物、芳香混合物;特应性皮炎组阳性率(64.29%)明显低于湿疹组(79.92%),慢性荨麻疹(76.79%)与湿疹二组阳性率之间差异无显著性.结论过敏性皮肤病患者阳性率较高的致敏原具有相同性;硫酸镍、重铬酸甲、卡巴混合物、芳香混合物具有较高的致敏性;斑贴试验主要用于检测外源性变应原,特应性皮炎的病因可能以内源性为主;接触性过敏原可以引起接触性荨麻疹;斑贴试验阳性致敏原常是引起面部湿疹、手湿疹的致病因素.     

326例接触性皮炎和湿疹患者斑贴试验分析

本科应用瑞典化学技术诊断AB公司提供的斑贴试验标准试剂对326例接触性皮炎和湿疹患者进行斑贴试验,阳性率为57.36％。阳性率高的抗原依次为硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、4-苯二胺、芳香混合物、氯化钴和硫柳汞。接触性皮炎组的斑试阳性率显著高于湿疹组(P<0.01)。斑试阳性结果与临床接触史的符合率为82.35％。结果提示发生在头面部的皮炎、湿疹应考虑化妆品、染发剂过敏的可能,而发生于手部的皮炎、湿疹应首先考虑刺激性因素所致。     

95例学生湿疹患者斑贴试验结果分析

目的探讨学生湿疹的病因及其与变应原的关系,为患者的预防和治疗提供依据。方法采用北京元康医学实用技术有限责任公司提供的中国筛查系列变应原CH-1000斑贴试剂盒,对门诊95例学生诊断为湿疹患者进行斑贴试验。结果95例学生湿疹患者的变应原检测阳性率为67.4%。变应原阳性率位居前5种的分别是氯化钴20例占21.1%、重铬酸钾14例14.7%、咪唑烷基脲和甲醛及芳香混合物各12例各占12.6%。结论氯化钴、重铬酸钾、咪唑烷基脲和甲醛和芳香混合物是目前引起学生湿疹的主要变应原。     

326例接触性皮炎和湿疣患者斑贴试验分析

本科应用瑞典化学技术诊断AB公司提供的斑贴试验标准试剂对326例接触性皮炎和湿疹患进行斑贴试验。阳性率为57.36%。阳性率高的抗原依次为硫酸镍,重铬酸钾,4-苯二胺,芳香混合物,氯化钴和硫柳汞,接触性皮炎组的斑试阳性率显高于湿疹组（P<0.01)。斑试阳性结果与临床接触史的符合率为82.35%,结果提示发生在头面部的皮炎,湿疹应考虑化妆品,染发剂过敏的可能,而发生于手部的皮炎,湿疹应首先考虑刺激性因素所致。     

Concomitant positive reactions to allergens in a patch testing standard series from 1988-1997.

BACKGROUND: Patch testing is a useful diagnostic technique in patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Concomitant reactions may reflect associations between tested allergens. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to identify positive correlations between reactions to test substances in a standard screening series. The results of patch testing in patients seen from 1988 to 1997 are described. METHODS: Data were collected from chart review for patients who underwent patch testing to the full standard screening series at the Massachusetts General Hospital Contact Dermatitis Clinic. The Fisher exact test was used to evaluate associations between allergens. RESULTS: A total of 927 patients were patch tested to 22 allergens included in a screening tray. The mean age was 43.9 years, and 68.6% were women. Two or more positive reactions occurred in 36.5% of patients. Reactions to 13 pairs of allergens were found to be significantly correlated: balsam of Peru/fragrance mix, carba mix/thiuram mix, carba mix/paraben mix, cobalt chloride/potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride/nickel sulfate, ethylenediamine/neomycin sulfate, formaldehyde/imidazolidinyl urea, formaldehyde/paraben mix, formaldehyde/quaternium-15, imidazolidinyl urea/quaternium-15, neomycin sulfate/potassium dichromate, paraben mix/quaternium-15, and potassium dichromate/thimerosal. CONCLUSION: Concomitant reactions to 13 pairs of allergens in a standard series occurred at a rate greater than would be predicted by chance. Such associations may reflect cross-sensitization or cosensitization.     

Sensitizations to allergens of TRUE test in 864 consecutive eczema patients in Israel

The TRUE test is a widespread diagnostic tool for initial patch testing of patients with contact dermatitis (CD). From 2002 to 2005, 864 patients with eczema were patch-tested using TRUE test in one Israeli allergology clinic. 547 (63.3%) patients were female and 317 (36.7%) were male. 346 (40%) patients had > or =1 positive patch test reactions. The most common allergens were nickel sulfate for 114 (13.2%) patients, potassium dichromate 111 (12.8%), fragrance mix 59 (6.8%), cobalt chloride 12 (1.4%), ethylenediamine dihydrochloride 11 (1.3%), epoxy resin 11 (1.3%), balsam of Peru 9 (1.0%), carba mix 7 (0.8%), thiomersal 6 (0.7%), wool alcohol 5 (0.6%), black rubber (PPD) mix 5 (0.6%), neomycin 4 (0.5%); Kathon CG, Colophony and Quaternium 15 - each 2 (0.2%), other allergens - each 1 (0.1%). In male patients, carba mix, black rubber (PPD) mix and epoxy resin sensitivity was more frequent, whereas nickel sulfate, fragrance mix, ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and cobalt chloride sensitivity was significantly more frequent in female patients. Our results are in general agreement with previously published reports, excluding the low sensitivity rates to cobalt, which maybe is missed by TRUE test.     

Contact hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis among school children and teenagers with eczema

Background:  Patch testing is an essential procedure in the investigation of eczema in children.
Objectives:  To analyse the frequency of contact hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis among Polish children with eczema.
Patients/methods:  During an allergy screening programme involving 9320 children aged 7 and 16 years, 12.6% reported symptoms of chronic/recurrent eczema. From this group, a representative sample of 229 eczema children underwent patch testing: 96 children aged 7 years and 133 teenagers aged 16 years. Patch testing was with 10 allergens: methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), nickel sulfate, mercury ammonium chloride, thimerosal, cobalt chloride, potassium dichromate, lanolin, fragrance mix I, Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru), and colophonium.
Results:  49.4% tested children were found patch test (PT) positive. 43.8% of 7 year olds with eczema were PT positive, with sensitization to nickel sulfate (30.2%), thimerosal (10.4%), cobalt chloride (8.3%), fragrance mix I (7.3%), MCI/MI (6.3%), potassium dichromate (6.3%), M.   pereirae (3.1%), mercury ammonium chloride (2.3%), and colophonium (1.0%). 52.6% teenagers were PT positive, with sensitization to nickel sulfate (23.3%), thimerosal (27.8%), cobalt chloride (10.5%), potassium dichromate (6.0%), mercury ammonium chloride (2.3%), M. pereirae (1.5%), and MCI/MI (0.8%). The final diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis was confirmed in 36% of 7 year olds and 26% of 16 year olds.
Conclusions:  Every second child with eczema is PT positive, whereas every third child is finally diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis.     

Epicutaneous testing with a standard series. Results in 12,026 patients

From 1977 to 1983, 12,026 patients were given patch tests with a standard series of substances. A total of 4,494 (37.4%) had positive patch-test reactions to one or more allergens; the average number of positive reactions was 1.85. The most frequent reactions were due to nickel sulphate (positive reactions in 9.2% of those tested), fragrance mix (8.9%), balsam of Peru (6.3%), cobalt chloride (4.7%), potassium dichromate (4.3%) and wool alcohols (4.3%). Women showed significantly more positive reactions than men to nickel sulphate, cobalt chloride, wool alcohols, and parabens and significantly fewer positive reactions than men to potassium dichromate, PPD mix, and epoxy resin. Younger patients showed significant more positive reactions to nickel sulphate and cobalt chloride; middle-aged patients reacted more to potassium dichromate, paraphenylendiamine, formaldehyde and thiuram mix; elderly patients reacted to balsam of Peru, wool alcohols, caine mix, neomycin sulfate, benzocaine, colophony, clioquinol, mafenide, parabens, and gentamycin sulfate.     

Patch test results in 542 patients with suspected contact dermatitis in Turkey

In this retrospective study, patch test results of 542 patients (303 female and 239 male), referred to our clinic between June 1996 and July 1999, were evaluated. All patients were patch tested with 32 allergens of an extended European standard series, 140 patients were tested with supplemental series, and 246 patients with their own substances. 280 (51.7%) patients had 1 or more positive results but allergic contact dermatitis, according to clinical relevance, was diagnosed in only 190 (67.9%) of these. Nickel sulfate was the most frequent sensitizer (19.1%), followed by potassium dichromate (11.8%), palladium chloride (9.4%), cobalt chloride (8.5%), and thiuram mix (7.7%). Frequencies of contact allergy to fragrance mix (5.5%), balsam of Peru (Myroxylon Pereirae resin) (2%), quaternium-15 (0.6%), and Kathon CG (methylchloroisothiazolinone+methylisothiazolinone) (0.2%) were relatively low, while no positive reactions were obtained to paraben mix in any case. Current clinical relevance to the present dermatitis was most frequently seen with carba mix (96.2%), thiuram mix (95.2%) and potassium dichromate (78.1%), whereas this rate was low for nickel (37.5%). In 85.8% of patients with allergic contact dermatitis, the responsible allergen was detected by testing with the extended standard series alone (18.4% identified by testing with the additional 10 allergens), in 11.6% by testing with the patients' own substances, and in 2.6% by testing with the supplemental series. Occupational contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 77 of the patients with positive reactions (27.5%), most of these being construction workers and house painters who showed relevant sensitizations to potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, thiuram mix and carba mix. There was no statistically significant difference in the total contact sensitization rate between atopics and non-atopics, but contact sensitivity to nickel sulfate and palladium chloride was significantly higher among atopics. MOAHL index in % was: 44.1/14.2/24.9/ 54.4/2.4. In conclusion, we believe that similar large series of patients would be helpful to delineate the exact profile of contact dermatitis in Turkey.     

Retrospective survey of patch testing at department of dermatology and venerology, zagreb university hospital center in zagreb, croatia

Epicutaneous (patch) test is a standard test to confirm contact allergy. During a six-year period (1998-2003), contact allergic dermatitis was diagnosed in 4132 (65%) of 6341 patients using standard patch test with a Croatian series of allergens according to the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG). The most common clinical diagnoses related to contact allergy (male; female) were contact allergic dermatitis (65.4%; 72.2%); atopic dermatitis (15.9%; 11.7%); contact irritant dermatitis (7.0%; 6.6%) and nummular eczematoid dermatitis (4.2%; 2.4%). According to occupation, positive patch test reaction was most commonly observed in workers, whereas 65% of patients showed positive reactions to one or more substances. There was an increased frequency of positive patch test reactions to potassium dichromate, nickel sulfate, thimerosal and neomycine sulfate, along with a significant decrease in the frequency of positive patch test reactions to cobalt chloride, carba mix, wood tars, detergents, parabens mixture, urushiol and rubber mixture. We strongly recommend keeping up-to-date with the epidemiology of contact allergy in Croatia.     

Contact sensitivity to standard series allergens in 1038 patients with contact dermatitis in Turkey

We planned to determine the frequency of sensitivity to European standard patch test allergens in 1038 patients with contact dermatitis. From 1992 to 2004, 1038 patients with the diagnosis of contact dermatitis were patch tested with the European standard series. Seven hundred and five patients were female (67.9%) and 333 patients were male (32.1%). A total of 336 patients (32.3%) had one or more positive patch test reactions. The most common allergens were nickel (17.6%), cobalt chloride (5.3%), potassium dichromate (4.6%), neomycin (2.4%), fragrance mix (2.1%) and balsam of Peru (2.1%). Contact sensitivity to potassium dichromate and thiuram was significantly more frequent in male patients, whereas nickel and primin sensitivity was significantly more frequent in female patients. Higher sensitivity rates for potassium dichromate, neomycin, balsam of Peru, wool alcohol, fragrance mix and primin were noted in patients over 40 years of age. Sensitivity rates of the standard series allergens were all similar in atopic patients and in non-atopic patients. Metals, neomycin and fragrances are the leading allergens in Turkey. Although fragrances are among the most important sensitizers, sensitivity rates to fragrances and also to preservatives are much lower than the rates in Europe and the US.     

慢性湿疹和皮炎122例斑贴试验结果分析

目的:探讨慢性湿疹和皮炎患者接触性致敏原及其特点。方法:应用斑贴试验分析122例慢性湿疹和皮炎患者接触性致敏原。结果:列前10位的常见致敏原分别是0.1%硫柳汞、5%硫酸镍、7%芳香混和物、1%甲醛、1%肉桂醇、1%促进剂D、1%氯化钴、20%松香、25%秘鲁香油、3%卡巴混和物;引起手部湿疹和皮炎患者的致敏原主要为0.1%硫柳汞和7%芳香混和物,躯干、四肢湿疹和皮炎患者的致敏原主要为5%硫酸镍和0.1%硫柳汞,面部湿疹和皮炎患者的致敏原主要为0.1%硫柳汞和1%甲醛,脐周皮炎患者的致敏原主要为5%硫酸镍。结论:斑贴试验有助于明确慢性湿疹和皮炎患者的接触性致敏原及其性质。