阵发性心房颤动肌袖电隔离后复发病例的分析及再消融的体会(摘要)

目的 :结合 4例先后两次肺静脉电隔离成功治疗的阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )患者 ,探讨导管射频消融肌袖电隔离治疗阵发性房颤后复发的机制 ,并对再次肌袖电隔离治疗的结果进行分析与评价。资料与方法 :对 4例进行肌袖电隔离治疗后复发的阵发性房颤患者 ,在Lasso标测导管指引下进行再次肌袖电隔离治疗。结果 :4例患者共对 14根靶静脉 (12根肺静脉和 2根腔静脉 )进行了射频消融治疗 ,较第一次消融的靶肺静脉数 (9根 )明显增多 ,隔离了除右下肺静脉外所有的肺静脉 ,其中 5根靶静脉恢复袖房传导 ,予以再次电隔离。电隔离一根靶静脉平均需进行 2 .9± 1.3次消融。术后平均随访 7.5± 5 .0 7(1-12 )个月 ,3例无房颤复发 ,1例发作次数明显减少。结论 :袖房传导的恢复及多异位灶起源可能是房颤复发的原因 ,对于阵发性房颤导管射频消融后复发病例 ,再次射频消融治疗是安全、有效的 ,有望彻底根治房颤     

肌袖电隔离对点消融后复发的阵发性心房颤动的治疗(摘要)

目的　结合 3例肌袖电隔离成功治疗点消融后复发的阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )患者 ,探讨点消融治疗阵发性房颤后复发的机制 ,并对再次消融进行肌袖电隔离治疗的结果进行分析与评价。资料与方法　 3例进行点消融治疗后复发的阵发性房颤患者 ,在Lasso标测导管指引下 ,再次消融进行肌袖电隔离治疗。结果　 3例患者共对10根靶静脉 (9根肺静脉和 1根腔静脉 )进行了射频消融治疗 ,较第一次点状消融的靶肺静脉数 (4根 )明显增多 ,隔离了除右下肺静脉外所有的肺静脉。电隔离一根靶静脉平均需进行 3 .1± 1.6次消融。术后随访 6± 3 .2个月 ,2例无房颤复发 ,1例发作次数明显减少。结论　对于阵发性房颤点状消融后复发病例 ,肌袖电隔离治疗可以取得满意的疗效。     

阵发性房颤的导管消融疗法

治疗房颤的导管消融技术经历了一系列演变过程,先是采用右心房线形损伤,然后是左心房的线形损伤,最终被主要经肺静脉的触发式消融技术代替。本文利用一特殊的线形损伤将二尖瓣外侧环与左下肺静脉(左峡部)连接,评估联合应用肺静脉消融与线形消融的可行性和效果。方法:研究了115例(101例男性;年龄54±9岁)对4±1.6种抗心律失常药物耐药的阵发性房颤(7±5年)患者。在电生理引导下对4条肺静脉进行隔离后,用尖端灌流导管在左峡部作线形消融。冠状窦起搏器间局部标测如发现明显分离的双电位,并能通过多点起搏加以证实,说明已达到线形阻滞。如经心…     

以环肺静脉消融为基础分步消融治疗心房颤动

目的探讨在三维标测系统指导下，以环肺静脉消融为基础，分步消融治疗心房颤动（房颤）的可行性和有效性。方法对12例药物治疗无效的阵发性房颤（10例）和持续性房颤（2例）患者，以三步消融方法进行消融：环肺静脉前庭消融、节段性肺静脉消融和碎裂电位 (CFAEs) 消融。以每个阶段房颤不再被诱发作为消融终点,或完成三个阶段。结果消融结束时，10例阵发性房颤不再被诱发，其中第1阶段7例，第2阶段2例，第3阶段1例。2例持续性房颤在完成所有3个阶段后仍持续发作，最后经体外电转复。3例于术后2d内短暂复发，继续随访后未再房颤复发，1例房颤并典型心房扑动（房扑）患者术后复发房扑，无房颤复发。所有患者经(10±4)个月随访后，均无房颤复发，无左房房性心律失常出现。手术无并发症发生。手术中放电时间(38±11)min, X线透视时间(37±11)min，操作时间(3.0±0.5)h。结论 以房颤不再被诱发为手术终点、以环肺静脉消融为基础的分步消融治疗房颤策略是安全可行的。对于阵发性房颤采用环肺静脉消融术式即有良好效果，而对单纯环肺静脉消融不成功者结合节段性肺静脉消融及碎裂电位消融可进一步提高成功率。     

射频消融电隔离肺静脉治疗阵发性房颤10例临床分析

目的 :观察射频消融电隔离肺静脉治疗阵发性房颤的临床疗效。方法 :阵发性房颤 10例 ,环状电极指示下对肺静脉行射频消融电隔离术。结果 :10例患者共消融了 2 8根肺静脉 ,其中在房颤心律下消融 2 5根。 2 8根肺静脉中 2 3根达到消融终点。总操作时间和 X线透视时间分别为 12 8± 2 1min和 3 7± 8min。平均随访时间为 4.5± 3 .3个月。无房颤发作者 7例 ,房颤发作明显减少 1例 ,总有效率达 80 %。结论 :射频消融电隔离肺静脉治疗阵发性房颤具有较好的临床疗效。     

环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性心房颤动疗效分析

目的探讨三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性心房颤动(房颤)的疗效和安全性。方法2004年8月至2005年11月间对连续100例慢性房颤患者进行三维标测系统(CARTO系统或EnSiteNavXTM系统)指导下的环肺静脉线性消融,消融的主要终点为肺静脉电学隔离。随访成功的定义为未服用抗心律失常药物无任何房性心律失常发作至少3个月以上。统计相关变量,分析影响成功率的因素。结果平均随访9·7±5·7个月,累计成功率为70%(70例)。复发患者中峡部消融比例及平均射血分数均低于无房颤复发的患者。主要并发症包括心脏压塞3例(3%)、脑卒中1例(1%)、无症状性肺静脉狭窄2例(2%)。结论三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性房颤疗效较好,安全性有待进一步提高。     

阵发性房颤的导管射频消融肺静脉电隔离治疗的延迟成功(摘要)

目的　研究发现肺静脉电隔离后房颤的复发大多数发生在最开始的 4周之内。我中心对肺静脉电隔离治疗的 44例患者进行回顾性分析 ,发现早期复发的患者在长期的随访中一部分患者可以获得延迟成功 ,试探讨这种延迟效应的可能机制及意义。方法　阵发性房颤患者 44例 ,在环状标测电极指导下行靶肌袖和 /或全部大静脉肌袖的导管射频消融电隔离治疗。所有病例均于手术后即刻开始严密随访一个月 ,以后每周门诊复查或电话随访 ,内容包括患者的症状、12导联心电图、动态心电图等。结果　 44例患者共完成肌袖电隔离 113根。平均随访时间4.3± 3 .3个月 (失访 3例 )。根据病人主诉和Holter心电图证实 ,3 0名患者被发现早期复发 (手术后一周 ) ,而早期复发的 14例患者 (男 12例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 5 5± 6岁 )在以后随访的 5 (7月中房颤发作明显减少或完全消失 (4 6% )。 6例(2 0 % )未再次发作房颤 ,房颤发作明显减少 8例 (2 6% )。结论　房颤患者的射频消融电隔离术后也存在延迟作用 ,房颤的早期复发不意味着肺静脉电隔离的失败 ,不能对消融的远期成功率进行预测     

导管消融治疗心房颤动的有效性与安全性研究

目的探讨经导管消融治疗心房颤动的有效性和安全性。方法对32例阵发性房颤,4例持续性房颤患者进行导管消融治疗。其中,3例患者采用环状冷冻导管消融(cryoablation)隔离肺静脉;33例患者采用Lasso导管及三维电解剖标测(CARTO)指导的环肺静脉前庭线性消融。结果成功率:冷冻消融组为33.33%;CARTO组为90.9%。手术时间:CARTO组较冷冻消融组,手术时间延长,CARTO组手术时间为(325±79)min;冷冻消融(205±72)min,P<0.05。X线曝光时间:CARTO组较冷冻消融组,曝光时间缩短,CARTO组(43±16)min;冷冻消融为(55±18)min,P<0.05。并发症:冷冻消融无并发症;CARTO组出现2例心脏压塞;另有1例患者术后第2d出现脑栓塞,经药物治疗后,肢体障碍完全恢复。结论经导管冷冻消融及CARTO指导下,环肺静脉前庭线性消融治疗房颤的方法均安全有效。三维电解剖标测(CARTO)指导下的环肺静脉前庭线性消融术效果更好。     

冷盐水导管射频消融肺静脉电隔离术治疗阵发性心房颤动的疗效观察

目的：探讨冷盐水导管射频消融肺静脉电隔离术治疗阵发性心房颤动的初步疗效。方法：选择6例阵发性房颤行肺静脉及大静脉电隔离术。常规穿刺成功后做电生理检查同时行房间隔穿刺，用环状电极标测肺静脉的肌袖电位，并确定与心房之间的传导关系。用冷盐水灌注导管消融肺静脉及腔静脉，并于术后服用胺碘酮或普鲁帕酮，连续服用3个月，临床症状减轻且无房颤发生则可停药。结果：6例房颤患者中共隔离肺加上腔静脉22条，左上肺静脉8条，左下肺静脉6条，右上肺静脉4条，右下肺静脉2条，上腔静脉2条，平均每人3．7条。平均随访8个月。术后3个月1例无任何心律失常，2例有间断发作，2例有房性早搏无房颤发生（Hoher证实），1例术前持续性房颤术后为间歇发作．3个月后偶发。所有患者术后临床症状都明显减轻甚至无症状。1例发生术中心包填塞，无1例行2次手术。结论：阵发性房颤采用冷盐水导管射频消融电隔离肺静脉对绝大多数患者是有效的，对另一少部分可以减少发作。     

可调弯鞘在心房颤动环肺静脉隔离术中的应用经验

目的 使用可调弯鞘(Agilis NxT 鞘)对阵发性心房颤动(以下简称房颤)进行导管消融隔离双侧肺静脉。方法 26例阵发性房颤患者,应用可调弯鞘支持下进双侧肺静脉行隔离术。穿刺房间隔,双侧肺静脉造影后,在EnSite Velocity^TM v3.0指导下构建左心房几何模型,行双侧肺静脉电学隔离。结果 26例患者均完成环肺静脉电学隔离。平均手术时间为(165.7±48.1)min,平均放射时间为(25.0±9.4)min,其中房间隔穿刺透视时间为(1.3±0.5)s,应用环状电极建模时间(7.5±4.3)min,左肺静脉隔离时间(55±17)min,右肺静脉隔离时间(37±11)min。有1例患者发生心脏压塞,经心包穿刺后好转。随访6~12个月,有3例患者(11.5%)复发。结论 Agilis NxT可以应用于针对阵发性房颤导管消融的环肺静脉隔离,可以减少导管在心腔内的操作,简化手术过程,具有较好的安全性和有效性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.