腔内修复联合辅助技术治疗累及主动脉弓的Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨主动脉腔内修复手术联合辅助技术治疗累及主动脉弓部的Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤.方法 分析腔内治疗累及主动脉弓部,破口邻近左锁骨下动脉或位于其近端的46例StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床资料.腔内封堵左锁骨下动脉43例;PDA封堵器封堵左锁骨下动脉6例次;颈部动脉搭桥术9例次;“烟囱”技术重建左颈总动脉8例次;“开窗”技术封堵夹层破口,同时保留主动脉弓部所有分支动脉1例次.结果 患者术后均存活,随访时间(25±16)个月.未发生严重神经系统并发症.10例发生左锁骨下动脉Ⅱ型内漏,其中6例通过PDA封堵器隔绝,2例保守治疗后自愈;9例发生左上肢缺血症状,其中8例行保守治疗,另1例症状严重,行颈部动脉搭桥术重建左锁骨下动脉.随访中,所有人工血管和分支动脉支架均保持通畅,降主动脉真腔直径显著扩大,假腔直径逐渐缩小.结论 对累及主动脉弓部,破口邻近左锁骨下动脉或位于其近端的StanfordB型主动脉夹层,腔内治疗联合PDA封堵器、颈部动脉搭桥术、“烟囱”技术或“开窗”技术是安全有效的治疗方法.     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术中左锁骨下动脉处理的研究进展

近年来胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)在Stanford B型主动脉夹层的治疗中取得了显著的疗效。主动脉弓结构复杂、曲度大、弓上分支血管负责脑部和上肢等重要区域的血供,其中左锁骨下动脉包含椎动脉等重要分支,负责左上肢、后脑部等的血供。为了保证足够的锚定区,当近端裂口距左锁骨下动脉开口距离1.5cm时需对左锁骨下动脉做相应处理,现对Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术中左锁骨下动脉的处理予以综述。     

左锁骨下动脉重建在腔内修复 Stanford B 型夹层动脉瘤中的作用

Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤的内膜破口位于降主动脉,以左锁骨下动脉开口多见,腔内修补是通过封堵内膜裂口而达到治疗目的,但近端破口距离左锁骨下动脉开口的位置成了制约手术的一个重要因素,左锁骨下动脉开口被封堵引起的动脉缺血是手术的一个严重并发症.我院于2001年1月至2005年2月腔内修复（endovascular repair,EVR）治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤120例,其中行左锁骨下动脉重建术5例,现报告如下.     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层的血管腔内治疗

主动脉夹层是主动脉最常见的疾患．是由于主动脉腔内血液从主动脉内膜撕裂口进入主动脉壁层．形成主动脉壁两层分离状态而成。夹层可沿主动脉长轴方向扩展．如其假腔不断扩大，在主动脉壁间形成动脉瘤．称为主动脉夹层动脉瘤。主动脉夹层可发生于主动脉任何部位．按Stanford分型，凡病变累及升主动脉者为A型．内膜撕裂口可位于升主动脉、主动脉弓或近端降主动脉．病变扩展可累及升主动脉．也可延至弓部、降主动脉或腹主动脉。根据DeBakey分型，如撕裂口位于升主动脉，病变扩展累及主动脉弓、降主动脉、胸主动脉甚至腹主动脉者，称为DeBakeyⅠ型：而内膜撕裂口位于升主动脉．病变扩展仅限于升主动脉者．称为DeBakeyⅡ型。     

经颈动脉腔内技术重建主动脉弓治疗Stanford A型夹层动脉瘤(附1例报告)

目的探讨血管腔内技术重建主动脉弓治疗升主动脉、主动脉弓病变的可行性。方法2005年,对1例StanfordA型夹层动脉瘤,腔内修复主动脉病变之前做右颈总动脉-左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉的旁路术;经右颈总动脉将修改的分叉支架型血管主体放入升主动脉,长臂位于无名动脉。短臂应用延长支架型血管延伸至降主动脉。通过腔内技术重建主动脉弓实现累及升主动脉和主动脉弓主动脉病变的微创治疗。结果腔内修复术后移植物形态良好,血流通畅,病变被隔绝,脑、躯干、四肢循环稳定。无严重并发症。结论该手术方案设计合理、技术可行。可能成为复杂胸主动脉病变新的腔内治疗模式。     

采用胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管对主动脉弓降部夹层行腔内修复治疗

目的探讨采用胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的主动脉弓降部夹层的临床效果。方法自2004年2月至2004年6月,采用血管腔内胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管治疗主动脉弓部夹层14例。14例均为StanforB型主动脉夹层,原发破裂口距左锁骨下动脉开口2～13mm,平均8．7mm。分支型支架由主动脉段支架和分支段支架组成,支架直径较相应支撑部位动脉直径大15％～20％。治疗在血管造影室进行,应用定位导丝、在透视下将分支型主动脉支架人工血管送人并连续释置入主动脉弓和左锁骨下动脉。结果支架释放全部成功。14例患者共放置14只分支型主动脉支架和2只可弯曲型支架人工血管,封闭夹层破裂口,夹层真腔全部恢复正常直径。无远端动脉并发症发生,无死亡病例。全部患者术后恢复正常活动。结论胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管适合于修复破裂口位于左锁骨下动脉开口旁的主动脉弓部夹层。     

腔内激光原位开窗覆膜支架植入术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层7例疗效分析

目的探讨主动脉弓腔内修复术联合体内激光原位开窗覆膜支架植入术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层的近期疗效。方法 2016年11月至2017年5月柳州市工人医院血管外科对7例Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人应用体内激光原位开窗技术进行覆膜支架腔内修复术。术中头臂干+左颈总动脉+左锁骨下动脉开窗4例,头臂干+左颈总动脉开窗2例,左颈总动脉+左锁骨下动脉开窗1例。急性期手术5例,慢性期手术2例。结果 7例病人植入锥形大动脉支架13枚、Fluency plus直管型覆膜支架18枚。术中因升主动脉破裂死亡1例(14.3%),术后早期并发症发生率为28.6%,所有病人经治疗后均痊愈出院。术后1个月、3个月随访结果均显示夹层破口隔绝良好,无内漏,开窗血管通畅。结论主动脉弓腔内修复术联合体内激光原位开窗覆膜支架植入术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层安全、有效,且创伤小、恢复快、术中成功率高、内漏发生率低,近期效果良好,中、远期疗效尚需随访进一步证实。     

血管腔内治疗主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨血管腔内治疗主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤的技术方法和疗效。方法 对20例主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行分析。Stanford A型2例,其中1例内膜撕裂口位于升主动脉。Stanford B型18例。5例在不同部位有2个以上撕裂口。全组均以带膜支架型人工血管腔内植入行隔绝术。其中1例加作腹主动脉开窗和人工血管置换术,1例先行升主动脉．左锁骨下动脉和左颈总动脉Y形人工血管旁路术,再行腔内隔绝术。结果 无一例患者术中死亡,术后3d 1例Stanford B型患者死于心肌梗死,其余19例健康存活,生存率95％。术后随访1—20个月,各例主动脉夹层和动脉瘤均消失,无内漏,各器官灌注良好。结论 血管腔内植入带膜支架型人工血管是治疗主动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤的简便、安全而有效的方法。手术死亡率低,手术成功率和生存率高。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复后转为Stanford A型10例分析

目的：探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复后转为Stanford A型的原因、处理和预防。方法：2000年8月至2006年10月完成430例Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复。其中10例术后转变为Stanford A型,男7例,女3例,平均年龄(43±11)岁；合并高血压者7例,另3例为马方综合征(Marfan syndrome)。回顾分析发生的原因、治疗经过和结果。结果：支架型人工血管(简称支架)近端均锚定于主动脉弓部。A型夹层发生时间为：术中支架释放后2例,术后2 h 1例,1周2例,1个月3例,6个月1例,29个月1例。新发破口位置：7例位于支架近端的主动脉弓部,1例在支架近端裸支架头端与无名动脉开口接触部位,1例位于裸支架覆盖区域内,1例猝死未能行影像学检查。保守治疗3例,胸主动脉人工血管置换7例。死亡3例,另7例随访3～42个月,CT血管造影显示胸腔段假腔完全血栓形成。结论：动脉壁薄弱是Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复后转为Stanford A型的重要因素和基础,支架和腔内操作是致损伤的潜在因素。中转胸主动脉人工血管置换是有效处理方法。注重病例选择和规范腔内操作有助于降低发生风险。     

TEVAR保留左锁骨下动脉治疗主动脉夹层

<正>Stanford B型主动脉夹层(aortic dissection,AD)指夹层裂口及假腔只侵及降主动脉的AD。胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)已成为Stanford B型AD的首选治疗方法。本文所讨论的内容为TEVAR术中支架移植物需覆盖左锁骨下动脉的这部分Stanford B型AD。常见有:(1)夹层近端裂口距离左锁骨下动脉15 mm,约占B型AD 24.5%~([1]);(2)夹层近端裂口距离左锁骨下动脉≥15 mm,但夹层假腔逆撕,使健     

腔内修复主动脉弓动脉瘤或夹层动脉瘤14例

目的探讨腔内修复主动脉弓动脉瘤或夹层动脉瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年6月至2004年8月腔内修复主动脉弓动脉瘤或夹层动脉瘤14例的临床资料。其中,DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤(aorticdissectionaneurysm, ADA)12例,动脉瘤2例。8例ADA直接行腔内修复,覆盖左锁骨下动脉开口;另4例ADA和2例动脉瘤接受辅助性右左颈总动脉、左颈总左锁骨下动脉旁路联合腔内修复。结果14例均取得技术成功。1例动脉瘤患者腔内修复术后并发缺血性脑卒中死亡。生存的13例围手术期和随访期间(1 ~14个月,平均11个月)无神经系统或肢体缺血性并发症。3个月CT证实所有ADA患者原发破口封闭。存活动脉瘤患者术后1个月CT显示瘤腔内血栓形成。结论腔内修复主动脉弓动脉瘤或夹层动脉瘤是安全、有效的。     

Aortic arch replacement with covered stent-graft as elephant trunk for a type A acute aortic dissection

We report a case of aortic arch replacement with a covered stent-graft as an "elephant trunk". A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with Stanford type A aortic dissection. The initial intimal tear was located in the distal aortic arch. Under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and retrograde cerebral perfusion, the distal end of the arch graft, which was turned inside out and reinforced with a Z-stent, was inserted into the distal true lumen as an "elephant trunk". Distal anastomosis was performed between the aortic wall and the inverted external graft. Graft replacement of the aortic arch and ascending aorta was followed by proximal arch grafting. Coronary artery bypass grafting to RCA was performed concomitantly. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the distal false lumen became thrombosed. This procedure is effective for reliable distal anastomosis and prevention of blood leakage into the distal false lumen.     

Open stent-graft repair for acute type A aortic dissection with an intimal tear in the descending aorta.

A 47-year-old man with acute retrograde aortic dissection (Stanford type A) was treated with total aortic arch replacement and endoluminal stent-grafting for an intimal tear in the descending aorta. A stent-graft was introduced into the descending aorta via the transected arch aorta and the entry of the dissecting aneurysm was closed. Open endovascular stent-grafting via the arch aorta is an alternative for repair of acute type A aortic dissection with an intimal tear in the descending aorta, in cases where direct closure of the intimal tear is difficult.     

Transluminal placement of endovascular stent-grafts for the treatment of type A aortic dissection with an entry tear in the descending thoracic aorta

PURPOSE: The current therapy for type A aortic dissection is ascending aortic replacement. Operative mortality and morbidity rates have been markedly improved because of recent advances in surgical techniques and anesthesiology. However, type A aortic dissection with an entry tear in the descending thoracic aorta is still a surgical challenge because of the need for extensive aortic replacement. METHODS: Ten patients with type A aortic dissection were treated with endovascular stent-grafts. The false lumen of the ascending aorta was patent in five patients, and it was thrombosed in the other five patients. The entry tears were located in the descending thoracic aorta in all cases. Seven patients had acute dissection, and three patients had subacute dissection. Four patients had pericardial effusion. Stent-grafts were fabricated from expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and Z-stents. RESULTS: Entry closure was achieved in all patients. Complete thrombosis of the false lumen of the ascending aorta was observed after stent-grafting in all patients. A second stent-graft was required in two patients to obtain complete thrombosis of the false lumen of the descending thoracic aorta. No procedure-related complications were observed, with the exception of a minor stroke in one patient. During a mean follow-up period of 20 months, no aortic rupture or aneurysm formation was noted in either the ascending or descending thoracic aorta, and all patients were alive and doing well. The abdominal aortic aneurysm enlarged after stent-grafting in one patient, and this was treated by closing the fenestrations of the abdominal aorta with stent-grafts. CONCLUSION: Stent-graft repair of aortic dissection with an entry tear in the descending thoracic aorta is a safe and effective method and may be an alternative to surgical graft replacement in highly selected patients.     

Endovascular stent-grafting through the aortic arch: an alternative approach for distal arch aortic aneurysm

BACKGROUND: Endovascular stent-grafting is an innovative procedure; we have developed a novel approach to treat distal arch aortic aneurysm through a small incision in the aortic arch. METHODS: Eight patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms were treated with an endovascular stent-graft that was introduced into the thoracic aorta through a small incision in the aortic arch. Of these patients, 7 had distal arch aortic aneurysms, and 1 had chronic aortic dissection of Stanford type B. Four of these patients had received concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, and 1 patient had undergone tricuspid valvular annuloplasty. The stent-graft was introduced into the distal arch aorta and descending aorta through a small incision in the aortic arch, under selective cerebral perfusion and hypothermic circulatory arrest. RESULTS: The selective cerebral perfusion time ranged from 52 to 86 minutes (mean, 68 minutes) and the operating time from 289 to 422 minutes (mean, 318 minutes). There was no endoluminal leakage into the aneurysm. Seven patients survived and were discharged, but 1 patient suffered a cerebral infarction and died during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Placing an endovascular stent-graft through the aortic arch is an acceptable alternative treatment for distal arch aortic aneurysms.     

急性B型主动脉夹层的腔内治疗

目的 讨论腔内修复术(endovascular repair,EVR)对治疗急性B型主动脉夹层(acuteaortic dissection,AAD)的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析2002年2月至2008年3月收治的39例急性B型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料.EVR按常规方法进行,2例需覆盖左颈总动脉而行旁路术,其中1例同时无名动脉支架型血管(stent graft,SG)开窗术;1例因肢体严重缺血同期行左下肢截肢术.13例完全覆盖左锁骨下动脉,1例覆盖迷走右锁骨下动脉,5例部分覆盖左锁骨下动脉(leftsubclavian artery,LSA).术后全部病例均经CTA(computer tomography angiography)随访,并监测支架覆盖段(Ll)及支架远端(L2)主动脉段的假腔变化.结果 所有支架释放到预定位置;30 d死亡率10.3%.术后1个月L段假腔血栓率100%,完全血栓率77.8%(21/27例),部分血栓率22.2%(6/27例),其中18.5%(5/27例)达到血栓完全吸收、主动脉重塑;L2段假腔血栓率28%,完全血栓率8%(2/25例),部分血栓率20%(5/25例).结论 急性B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术治疗效果肯定,30 d内死亡主要与术前伴随的并发症有关.     

Early and medium-term results of stent-graft treatment of DeBakey type III aortic dissection

AIM: The safety and effectiveness of transcatheter stent-graft treatment in the early and medium-term postoperative period was assessed in patients with DeBakey type III aortic dissection. METHODS: Transcatheter stent-graft implantation was performed in 37 patients who had aortic dissection with entry sites in the descending thoracic aorta. Entry sites were closed with a stent-graft consisting of a Gianturco Z stent covered with an UBE woven Dacron graft. RESULTS: There were no in-hospital deaths or serious complications after operation. In 5 patients, a new intimal tear developed at the distal end of the stent-graft 8 to 13 months after operation. It was closed by additional stent-graft placement in 2 patients. The rate of thrombosis of the false lumen of the descending thoracic aorta 5 to 10 days, 3 to 6 months, and 12 months after operation was 70%, 80%, and 81%, respectively. As compared with before operation, the short axis of the true lumen increased (1.4+/-0.8 cm before operation, 2.1+/-0.5 cm at 5-10 days, and 2.7+/-0.6 cm at 3-6 months) and that of the false lumen decreased (2.9+/-0.9 cm, 2.3+/-0.9 cm, 1.5+/-1.2 cm), indicating enlargement of the true lumen and shrinkage of the false lumen. The false lumen was completely obliterated within 3-6 months after operation in 6 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our early postoperative results show that transcatheter stent-graft implantation is a safe and effective procedure for the management of DeBakey Type III aortic dissection. Devices with a minimal risk of causing intimal tears should be developed.     

Total arch replacement with elephant trunk procedure for retrograde dissection

BACKGROUND: The surgical management of type A dissection with the intimal tear in the descending aorta--retrograde dissection--has some challenging aspects because the standard approach through a median sternotomy for ascending aortic dissection is difficult in these cases in which the intimal tear is located in the descending aorta. METHODS: From January 1995 to December 2001, 12 (8.6%) consecutive patients aged 40 to 71 years underwent total arch replacement with an elephant trunk procedure through a median sternotomy for retrograde dissection of the ascending aorta (acute: 10, chronic: 2) among 139 patients with type A dissection. The intimal tear was located in the descending aorta in all patients. Dissection extended proximally to the aortic root in 7 patients and to the ascending aorta in 5, and extended distally to the abdominal aorta in 4 and to the common iliac artery in 8. RESULTS: Hospital mortality occurred in 1 patient (8%) owing to multiple organ failure after malperfusion of the renal arteries. Postoperatively the false lumen in the descending aorta was closed in all patients who survived but the false lumen in the abdominal aorta was patent in 9. The thoracic and abdominal aorta had slight dilatation in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that total arch replacement with an elephant trunk procedure through a median sternomy should be recommended in patients with type A dissection and the intimal tear in the descending aorta. This procedure induces thrombosis of the remaining false lumen in the distal aorta postoperatively.     

B型主动脉夹层病人主动脉内径分析

目的 探讨胸主动脉的解剖特点,以证明B型主动脉夹层病人主动脉弓直径与降主动脉真腔直径存在显著差异.方法 20名健康成年人为对照组,接受计算机X射线断层血管造影(CTA)测量主动脉弓直径(近端Φ)和降主动脉中段直径(远端Φ).病程小于1个月的急性组23例和病程大于2年的慢性组19例病人均接受了主动脉夹层腔内修复术,利用术中的数字减影(DSA)和术前、术后的CTA,测量主动脉弓直径(近端Φ)和降主动脉中段真腔直径(远端Φ).分别计算3组的渐细率[(近端φ-远端Φ)/近端Φ)×100%].结果 对照组的CTA渐细率为(13.0±4.7)%.急性组DSA和CTA的渐细率分别为(23.6±11.3)%和(21.9±12.1)%.慢性组DSA和CTA的渐细率分别为(31.5±13.6)%和(30.1±11.4)%.结论 在急性和慢性B型夹层病人中,主动脉弓直径显著大于降主动脉真腔直径.在B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术中使用渐细型覆膜支架是一个更合理的选择.