CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗儿童急性淋巴性白血病单中心疗效分析

目的分析CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的单中心疗效,为改进该方案提供临床依据。方法符合入组标准的100例ALL患儿,接受了CCLG-ALL 2008方案治疗,回顾性分析治疗结果及治疗相关毒副作用。结果 100例中低危ALL 49例,中危23例,高危28例。诱导缓解率97%。化疗期间发生严重感染24例(24%),并发大脑后部可逆性脑病综合征(PRES)6例,发生治疗相关死亡(TRM)8例。本组病人的2年和5年累积复发率均为(12%±0.04),2年和5年总体生存率(0S)均为(83%±0.04),2年和5年无事件生存率(EFS)均为(79%±0.04)。低危组与高危组间0S差异有显著性(χ~2=12.026,P=0.001);低危组与高危组间EFS差异有显著性(χ~2=14.291,P=0.000),中危组与高危组间EFS差异亦有显著性(χ~2=5.356,P=0.021)。影响生存的主要因素是诱导期严重感染所致TRM、疾病复发以及病人治疗途中失访。结论 CCLG-ALL 2008方案治疗儿童ALL完全缓解率高、复发率低,降低诱导期严重感染所致TRM,减少高危疾病复发,并改进高危病人综合管理以使病人能接受完整治疗,可进一步提高生存率。     

上海儿童医学中心急性淋巴细胞性白血病2005方案疗效多中心研究

目的 通过多中心研究评价上海儿童医学中心-急性淋巴细胞性白血病-2005(SCMC-ALL-2005)方案对儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)的疗效以及预后.方法 共有5家单位参与临床研究,统一采用SCMC-ALL-2005方案对初诊ALL患儿进行诊治.2005年5月1日至2009年4月30日纳入研究病例随访至2011年9月30日.临床资料经卡方检验验证各中心间病例组成的相似性;并运用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Log-Rank卡方检验研究患儿的生存情况.结果 共计655例患儿纳入多中心临床研究,除免疫分型外各中心间患儿组成及疗效经统计检验差异无统计学意义.生存者中位随访时间49.13个月,预期5年无事件生存率(EFS)为(69.9％±2.1％),5年总生存率(0S)(77.6％±2.0％);5年复发率(23.9％±2.0％).其中低危组EFS、OS、复发率分别为(82.0％±2.6％)、(83.6％±3.0％)、(16.1％±2.5％);中危组EFS、OS、复发率为(66.4％±3.1％)、(76.8％±2.7％)、(26.3％±3.0％);高危组5年EFS、OS、复发率为(27.4％±9.3％)、(48.9％±7.3％)、(60.0％±12.8％).各预后因素分析提示:高白细胞、年龄≤1岁BCR-ABL1和MLL-AFF1 (MLL-AF4)融合基因为重要的不良预后指标.复发仍然是影响患儿预后的最重要因素.     

中剂量阿糖胞苷早期强化治疗急性淋巴细胞性白血病64例

目的研究中剂量阿糖胞苷早期强化治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的诊疗,探索提高儿童ALL长期生存的方法。方法应用标准的首次诱导缓解化疗方案治疗后,采用中剂量阿糖胞苷(Arac)1 g/(m2·次),1次/12 h×6次,配合柔红霉素(DNR)或米托蒽醌(MTZ)方案早期强化治疗,2～3个疗程进入维持治疗。采用Kaplan—Meter方法评估患儿无事件生存(EFS)率结果本组ALL完全缓解率(CR)为93.8%,标危(SR)ALL为100%,高危(HR)ALL为83 3%,5年EFS率达72 3%,SR-ALL患儿5年EFS率达84.2%,6例(10%)复发,治疗相关死亡2例(3.3%)。结论采用中剂量Arac方案早期强化治疗,降低化疗相关死亡,提高ALL患儿5年EFS率。     

MRD监测下88例儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病长期疗效的分析

目的对88例儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病（B—ALL）治疗的长期随访结果进行分析,探讨微小残留病（MRD）监测下儿童B—ALL的无事件生存率（EFS）。方法回顾性分析2005年1月．2008年5月接受儿童ALL诊疗建议（第三次修订草案）治疗的88例B．ALL患儿,应用流式细胞术（FCM）检测MRD,采用Kaplan—Meier方法评估患儿EFS,各临床危险度分组间患儿EFS差异用Logrank检验。结果88例患儿骨髓完全缓解（CR）率为97．7％,2年、3年、4年、5年EFS率分别为87．5％、86．4％、81．8％、77．2％,标危、中危、高危5年EFS率分别为86．2％、84．6％、63．1％。5例死亡,9例复发（10．5％）,复发中位时间为23（3—59）个月。结论采用儿童ALL诊疗建议（第三次修订草案）治疗CR率较高,在MRD监测下指导治疗,总体上B—ALL患儿的5年EFS提高。     

10岁以上儿童青少年急性淋巴细胞白血病的临床特点及预后分析

目的研究10岁以上儿童青少年初诊急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患儿的临床特点及预后。方法对86例10岁以上ALL患儿(B-ALL 62例,T-ALL 24例)的临床特点、治疗疗效及预后因素进行回顾性分析,采用Kaplan-Meier分析评估患儿无事件生存率(EFS)和总生存率(OS),COX回归模型评估EFS、OS的影响因素。结果 86例患儿中,中危组和高危组患儿分别为62例和24例。首诊表现为肝肿大的53例(62%),脾肿大50例(58%),淋巴结肿大46例(54%)。初诊时外周血WBC≥50×109/L者29例(34%)。78例进行了染色体核型分析,21例(27%)染色体数目异常,其中15例为超二倍体(19%)、4例(5%)为亚二倍体,2例(3%)为假二倍体;11例(14%)染色体结构异常,其中Ph染色体阳性1例,t(1;19)1例。TEL-AML1融合基因3例(4%),E2A-PBX1融合基因3例(4%),BCR-ABL融合基因6例(7%),SIL-TAL1融合基因4例(5%)。1疗程完全缓解率为99%(85/86)。5年EFS率、OS率分别为64%±6%和75%±5%。中危组的5年EFS率、OS率均高于高危组(P0.05)。B-ALL患儿5年EFS率优于T-ALL组(P0.05)。COX多因素回归分析显示,初诊时白细胞计数、诱导缓解末微小残留病是EFS、OS的独立影响因素。结论 10岁以上ALL患儿具有不利预后的临床特征,初诊时白细胞计数、诱导缓解末MRD是决定远期疗效的重要因素。     

188例急性淋巴细胞性白血病患儿的疗效及预后分析

目的 对中南大学湘雅医院、广西医科大学第一附属医院急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患儿的治疗结果及影响无事件生存率(EFS)的因素进行分析.方法 所有病例均采用中华医学会儿科学分会血液学组1998年第二次修正的小儿ALL诊疗建议(简称荣成方案)化疗,采用Kaplan-Meier方法评估依从治疗的188例患儿EFS,组间患儿EFS差异用Log-rank检验,用COX比例风险模型分析独立因素对EFS的影响.结果 374例接受诱导治疗儿童的完全缓解(CR)率为93.6%(354例),全程依从治疗的188例ALL的5年EFS为(68.1±5.6)%,标危、高危组5年EFS分别为(75.2±6.0)%、(47.6±11.6)%;总复发率为10.6%,复发的中位时间为13个月;188例患儿中共有29例死亡,死亡率15.4%;化疗相关死亡13例(7.0%).危险度分组、t(9;22)/bcr-abl融合基因和白细胞计数为独立的不良预后因素.结论 两家医院通过荣成方案治疗儿童ALL的总EFS接近70%,需要进行更加详细的危险因素评估和分组,降低治疗相关死亡率,提高儿童ALL治疗的依从性,以进一步提高EFS.     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿长期疗效分析

目的分析70例ALL患儿分型治疗的长期疗效和远期不良反应,以寻求提高患儿长期高质量无病生存的方法。方法随访并分析2000年1月-2009年12月在本院儿科血液/肿瘤病房诊断并坚持治疗的70例ALL患儿情况。临床分型:标危型、中危型、高危型和ALL-L3型患儿分别为42、12、7例和9例。采用Kaplan-Meier方法进行长期生存情况分析。结果 5 a无事件生存率在标危组、中危组和ALL-L3组分别为(93.87±4.22)%、(85.33±6.45)%和(88.89±7.48)%。高危型患儿目前无病存活率为42.86%(3/7例)。复发6例(8.57%),其中死亡4例,另有5例无复发死亡,总病死率12.86%。长期不良反应观察未发现二次肿瘤及蒽环类心肌病发生,4例(5.71%)患儿生长受限,1例患儿发生单侧股骨头无菌性坏死。结论分型治疗可提高ALL患儿长期生存率,改善ALL患儿生存的质量。     

CCCG-ALL 2005方案单中心10年随访研究

目的评价234例儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)单中心10年临床疗效及主要预后相关因素。方法以2006年1月—2015年4月于我院血液科符合入组标准的234例ALL患儿纳入研究,接受CCCG-ALL 2005方案治疗随访,分析疗效及预后因素。结果 234例患儿诱导缓解率为96. 6%。5年累积复发率为(17. 5±2. 6)%,10年累积复发率为(22. 3±3)%,中位复发时间为26. 5(2～95)个月。5年EFS为(74. 8±2. 8)%,10年EFS (68. 7±3. 3)%,5年OS (82. 6±2. 5)%,10年OS (79. 6±3. 0)%。234例患儿根据不同危险度分为低危组(n=86)、中危组(n=69)、高危组(n=79)。三组的5年EFS率分别为(84. 6±4. 0)%、(67. 5±5. 7)%、(61. 0±5. 7)%,10年EFS率分别为(79. 8±5. 0)%、(65. 5±6. 0)%、(55. 4±7. 4)%。低危组患儿的长期生存情况明显优于中高危组患儿(P=0. 003)。多因素分析,早期治疗反应、治疗后低MRD水平是影响EFS的预后因素,诱导治疗后第55天MRD持续阳性预后不良。结论泼尼松治疗反应、MRD监测对ALL患儿预后评估有意义。诱导治疗第55天MRD水平是影响长期生存的预后因素;其持续阳性患儿预后较差。     

CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗10岁以上儿童及青少年急性淋巴细胞白血病的疗效分析

目的 探讨CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗10岁以上儿童及青少年初诊急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）的长期疗效。方法 收集2008年4月至2015年4月采用CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗的150例10岁以上ALL患儿的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析评估患儿总体生存（OS）率和无事件生存（EFS）率。结果 150例患儿中,男87例（58.0%）,女63例（42.0%）,中位年龄11（10~15）岁;中危患儿84例（56.0%）,高危患儿66例（44.0%）;B-ALL患儿122例（81.3%）,T-ALL患儿28例（18.7%）;融合基因检测阳性51例（34.0%）,其中BCR-ABL阳性16例（31%）,TEL-AML1阳性11例（22%）,E2A-PBX1阳性8例（16%）,其他基因阳性16例（31%）。采用CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗1个疗程完全缓解率为96.0%（144/150）。150例患儿中位随访时间为52（3~122）个月,5年OS率为79.0%±3.5%,5年EFS率为67.3%±4.1%。中危患儿和高危患儿,以及B-ALL患儿和T-ALL患儿间5年OS率及5年EFS率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。诱导治疗结束时骨髓达完全缓解患儿的5年OS率及5年EFS率均高于骨髓未达完全缓解者（P < 0.05）。结论 10岁以上儿童及青少年ALL患儿采用CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗,其完全缓解率高,5年OS率及EFS率均较高。诱导治疗后未达到完全缓解患儿预后不良。     

CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病复发患儿的特征分析

目的 了解CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)复发患儿的临床特征。方法 选取2008 年4 月至2013 年6 月间初诊为儿童ALL,并接受CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗的591 例患儿,回顾性分析并随访观察其中80 例复发患儿的临床特征。结果 CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗后标危组、中危组、高危组复发率分别为7.0%、10.7%、28.7%(P<0.05)。TEL/AML1 阳性ALL 患儿复发率为8.0%,其复发患儿5 年预期总生存率(OS)为37.04%;MLL 阳性与BCR/ABL 阳性ALL 患儿复发率分别为35.0% 和24.2%,5 年OS 为0。复发者以超早期为主,占53%,超早期复发者5 年OS 为0;早期和晚期复发分别占34% 和14%,其5 年OS 分别为11.44% 和60.00%。复发部位以单纯骨髓复发为主(83%),单纯骨髓复发患儿5 年OS 为9.23%;骨髓伴有骨髓外复发患儿占11%,其5 年OS 为25.00%;单纯骨髓外复发患儿占6%,其5 年OS 为100%。T 细胞型ALL 患儿复发率为9.5%,其复发患儿5 年OS 为0;B 细胞型ALL 患儿复发率为14.3%,其复发患儿5 年OS 为15.52%。结论 CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗后高危组患儿复发率较高;MLL、BCR/ABL 等基因阳性是高危复发因素。免疫分型与复发率无明显相关性。早期复发、单纯骨髓复发、T 细胞型ALL 复发及伴有BCR/ABL、MLL 等基因异常者复发后生存率极低。     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Psychopathologie du syndrome d’Asperger et « aspérigisation » de la société contemporaine

The author has attempted here to point out, just for a start, the characteristics of Asperger syndrome from the point of view of psychopathology through a rereading of Hans Asperger's original paper (1944). This thesis merits reevaluation, if for no other reason than to fill the gaps in operational diagnostics based on the DSM. It is found by rereading that Asperger's view of the principal disturbances of autistic psychopathy include a “disturbance of natural evidence” or a “crisis of common sense”. This question of natural evidence that he evokes with regard to autistic psychopathy corresponds to W. Blankenburg's natural evidence, which constitutes a key concept for comprehending schizophrenia in the form poor-symptom (“symptomarme Schizophrenie”) that he observes in the speech of his patient Anne Rau. One can deduce from this that in terms of fundamental disturbances, Asperger syndrome and this “symptom-poor” schizophrenia overlap at the level of loss of natural evidence. It is moreover possible to classify Asperger syndrome among the disturbances of spacing in the sense meant by the evolutionary psychiatry of A. Stevens and J. Price. The author then develops our comprehension of Asperger syndrome from the point of view of the perspective proposed by the notion of resilience in people with Asperger syndrome and of the possibility for them, through these mechanisms of adaptation, to find in the organization of the personality of the “as if” type a position of relative equilibrium. They concur or overlap in the creation of crutches, of borrowed personalities secondarily legitimated by the reaction of the socius. This will end up in the production of inventions and œuvres (works). Clearly, one rarely encounters several cases that one could consider pertinently to be “successful” Asperger syndrome. Finally, the author notes that one can find a sort of isomorphism between Asperger syndrome and contemporary society when he proposes the term “asperigisation” to characterize our society, given that the equilibrium between emotion and logic is strongly disturbed in these patients, in whom logic undergoes hypertrophy while emotion is impoverished. From this perspective, the author hopes to suggest reasons for the increase in the number of cases of Asperger syndrome in the clinical setting and in society in general in our contemporary era.     

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.