慢性HBV感染者外周血单个核细胞CTLA-4基因多态性与病情转归的关联研究

目的初步探讨慢性HBV感染者外周血细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4（CTLA-4）基因第1外显子区49位基因单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP）与乙型肝炎病毒感染转归的关系。方法采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性法检测190例慢性HBV感染者和93例既往HBV感染者外周血CTLA-4基因49位点的多态性。结果慢性HBV感染者CTLA-4基因49位点A／G基因型分布与对照组比较差异有显著性（P=0．034），慢性感染者G等位基因频率明显低于对照组（0．561对0．677，P=0．008，OR=0．607）。结论CTLA-4第1外显子49位基因多态性可能与乙型肝炎病毒感染慢性化相关。     

细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4基因多态性与溃疡性结肠炎

目的炎症性肠病的发病与T细胞过度活化有关,细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）是重要的T细胞活化负性调节因子.本课题研究CTLA-4基因启动子区-1722位点（T/C）及-1661位点（A/G）多态性与中国汉族人群中溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的相关性.方法采用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性方法,对87例中国汉族UC患者和116例正常对照者进行CTLA-4基因-1722位点和-1661位点多态性检测.结果UC患者CTLA-4基因-1661位点A/G＋G/G基因型频率,-1661位点G等位基因频率显著高于正常对照组（34.5%比15.5%,P=0.002,OR=2.865,95%CI=1.467～5.596;19.0%比8.2%,P=0.002,OR=2.624,95%CI=1.435～4.796）;而在-1722位点的基因型频率、等位基因频率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论CTLA-4基因启动子区-1661位点G等位基因与中国汉族UC存在显著相关性.     

IL-1β和IL-1Ra基因单核苷酸多态性同溃疡性结肠炎的相关性

目的探讨白细胞介素113（IL-1β）和白细胞介素1受体结抗剂（IL-1Ra）基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与溃疡性结肠炎（UC）易感性的关系。方法应用聚合酶链式反应顺序特异性引物法（PCR—SSP），检测2005年5月至2006年8月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院就诊的56例UC患者和44例同期健康体检者的IL-1β（-511T／C）位点、IL-1β（＋3962T／C）位点和IL-1Ra（11100C／T）位点的SNP，分析两组基因型频率和等位基因频率差异；并分析两组差异显著基因的单倍体分型以及基因型与表型的关系。结果（1）UC组IL-1β＋3962位点TC杂合子基因型频率及T等位基因频率明显高于对照组，差异有显著性（P=0．000，P=0．02）。OR值分析表明IL-1β＋3962位点为TC基因型的人群患UC的风险性是TT或CC基因型人群的2．4倍。（2）单倍体分型显示，含有IL-1β＋3962T等位基因（IL-1β511C3962T）的H1单倍型和含有野生型等位基因（IL-1β511C3962C）的H2单倍型在两组中频率的比较差异具有显著性。（3）IL-1β＋3962位点各基因型在UC患者不同病情轻重之间的分布比较以及不同发病部位之间的分布比较差异无显著性；（4）IL-1β-511位点和IL-1Ra 11100位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在两组人群中的分布差异无显著性。结论①IL-1β＋3962位点CT基因型频率及T等位基因频率增高可能与UC易感性有关，但与UC患者病情轻重及发病部位无关。②IL-1β保留511位点和IL-1RA 11100位点的SNP与UC易感性无关。     

天津地区汉族人Graves病与CTLA-4基因多态性的关联

以PCR-SSCP技术分析139例Graves病（GD）患者和110名正常对照者的CTLA-4基因第3外显子3’非翻译区（AT）重复序列基因型，发现GD组106bp等位基因的频率明显高于正常对照组（RR=1．992，P〈0．01）；GD组中家族史阳性者106bp等位基因频率高于家族史阴性者（RR=2．480，P〈0．05）。提示CTLA-4基因第3外显子3’非翻译区（AT）重复序列106bp的等位基因可能是天津地区汉族人GD的易感基因。     

对氧磷酶1基因Gln192Arg多态性与阿尔茨海默病的相关性分析

目的 探讨中国汉族人群中对氧磷酶1（PON1）基因Gln192Arg单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与阿尔茨海默病（AD）的相互关系。方法采用实时定量PCR技术检测521例AD患者和578例健康老年人PON1基因Gln192Arg位点SN-P的分布,并通过OR做疾病关联分析。结果AD组（Q／R＋R／R）基因型频率较对照组低,统计分析差异有统计学意义（X^2=4．68,P=0．03）;等位基因频率差异也存在统计学意义,AD组R等位基因频率明显低于对照组（X^2=3．85,P=o．05）。logistic回归分析表明,调整年龄和性别的影响后,（Q／R＋R／R）基因型患AD的危险性是Q／Q基因型的0．71倍（P=0．044,95％CI=0．51～0．99）。结论中国汉族人群中PON1基因Gln192Arg位点R等位基因可能是AD的保护因素。     

2010～2014年青海省高原地区甲状腺眼病和CTLA-4基因多态性的相关性研究调查

目的 探讨2010~2014年青海省高原地区甲状腺眼病患者CTLA-4基因多态性与疾病的关联。方法 选取西宁地区12所医院收治的72例Graves病患者,将其中合并有甲状腺眼病的31例患者作为试验A组,其余41例单纯Graves病患者作为试验B组,另选取40例同年龄段正常健康人群作为对照组。所有研究对象均取全血对CTLA-4基因启动因子-318位、CT60位和外显子1+49位基因型分布和等位基因频率进行检测对比,分析上述位点基因多态性和等位基因频率分别和高原地区甲状腺眼病关联。结果 三组研究对象CTLA-4基因-318位基因型分布比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而CT60位点和外显子1+49位点基因型分布比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中每两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);甲状腺眼病和CTLA-4基因启动因子-318位点等位基因频率无明显关联,和CT60位点A和外显子1+49位点A基因频率存在显著负向关联,而和两位点G基因频率均存在明显正向关联。结论高原地区甲状腺眼病和CTLA-4基因CT60位点和外显子1+49位点多态性均存在明显关联,A等位基因频率降低,G等位基因频率升高,甲状腺眼病患病风险增加。     

斑秃与CTLA-4基因外显子1 A/G49多态性研究

目的探讨细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）基因外显子1第49位点A/G多态性是否与斑秃的遗传易感性有关。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR-RFLP）对56例斑秃患者和124例正常对照者的CTLA-4基因外显子1的第49位点进行基因分型。结果斑秃患者CTLA-4基因第一外显子第49位点基因型频率与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.768,P〉0.05）;斑秃患者CTLA-4基因第一外显子第49位点等位基因频率与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.676,P〉0.05）。结论CTLA-4基因第一外显子第49位碱基A→G多态性与斑秃的发病可能无相关性。     

中国汉族人群B细胞表面调节蛋白基因1单核苷酸多态性与类风湿关节炎的相关性研究

目的 探究B细胞表面的调节蛋白基因(BANK1)单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与类风湿关节炎(RA)的关系.方法 221例确诊RA组和310名健康对照组的外周全血提取DNA,采用非标记探针-高分辨率熔解曲线法分别检测rs10516487,rs17266594和rs3733197 SNPs位点,采用X2检验分析3个位点与RA的相关性.结果 RA患者rs17266594 TT基因型频率较健康对照显著升高(X2=6.241,P=0.044);rs10516487、rs17266594和rs3733197的等位基因频率(分别是G、T和G等位基因)较健康对照呈升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义;rs10516487和rs17266594呈强连锁不平衡(D'=0.993,r2=0.985);3个SNPs的TGG单倍体型在RA患者频率较健康对照显著升高[P=0.037,OR=1.345,95％CI(1.018～1.776)].结论 BANK1 rs17266594与RA相关,3个SNPs TGG单倍体型可能是RA的易感因素.     

Tim-3启动子区基因多态性与类风湿关节炎之间关系的研究

目的 分析湖北省汉族成人T细胞免疫球蛋白域黏蛋白域蛋白-3（Tim-3）启动子区-1541 C〉T和-574 G〉T单核苷酸多态性（SNP），探讨其与类风湿关节炎（RA）易感性之间的关系。方法 分别采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）和等位基因特异性聚合酶链反应（AS—PCR）检测湖北省115例RA患者和100积健康者Tim-3启动子区-1541 C〉T和-574 G〉T的SNP，计算基因型和等位基因频率。结果 ①湖北省健康人群Tim-3启动子区-1541位C／C、C/T和T/T基因型频率分别是0．960、0．040和0。而RA患者其频率分别为0．948、0．052、0。其基因型和等位基因频率均与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；②湖北省健康人群Tim-3启动子区-574位G／G、G/T和T/T基因型频率分别是0．990、0．010和0，而RA患者频率分别为0．974、0．026、0，其基因型和等位基因频率均与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 湖北汉族人群Tim-3启动子区-1541和-574位存在单核苷酸多态性变异，但这两位点的变异与该地区汉族成人RA易感性无关。     

血管内皮生长因子基因启动子区多态性与血管性痴呆的关系

目的研究血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）基因启动子区多态性与血管性痴呆（VD）发病的关系。方法选择中国北方汉族139例VD患者和150名健康对照者。用直接测序的方法对VEGF基因启动子区测序；用聚合酶链反摩限制性片段长度多态（PCR—RFLP）和直接电泳PCR产物的方法对VEGF基因启动子区多态性进行分型，并对所有标本进行载脂蛋白Ee4（ApoEe4）基因分型，将两组受试者分为携带和不携带ApoEe4基因亚组[ApoEe4（＋）和ApoEe4（-）组]。结果①中国北方汉族人群中的VEGF基因启动子区存在-2578C／A、-2549I／D和-1154G／A三个多态性位点。其中-2578C／A和-2549I／D存在显著的连锁不平衡，-2549I／D位点为18个碱基的插Ⅳ缺失。②多态性位点-2578C／A、-2549I／D的基因型频率、等位基因频率分布，VD组患者和健康对照组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。经过ApoEe4分层后，VD组和对照组基因型频率、等位基因频率分布差异也无统计学意义。-1154G／A位点，VD组患者的GG基因型频率、G等位基因频率分布明显高于健康对照组（P=0．037，P=0．018）。ApoEe4（-）的亚组中，这种差异同样存在（P=0．021，P=0．010）。用Logistic回归校正年龄、性别和ApoEe4基因后，显示-1154G／A位点GG基因型患者VD的发病风险是AA基因型的1．58倍（OR=1．58，95％CI：1．073—2．338，P=0．020）。（3）ApoEe4（-）的亚组中，-2549I／-1154A单体型在VD组中少于健康对照组（OR=0．536，95％CI．O．328～0．877，P=0．012）。-2549I／-1154G单体型在VD组中明显多于健康对照组（OR=1．785，95％CI：1．018～3．131，P=0．041）。在ApoEe4（＋）的亚组中差异无统计学意义。结论VEGF基因启动子区-1154G／A位点的GG基因型是VD发病的危险因素。此危险因素是独立于ApoEe4基因而影响VD发病的。     

CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis

BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon and rectum as a result of an exaggerated T-cell response. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a T cell-restricted surface molecule induced with TCR or CD28 activation. There is evidence for genetic involvement of CTLA-4 in several autoimmune diseases, with the focus on the possible role of genetic variation of the CTLA-4 locus. The aim of this study was to investigate CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms in patients with UC in a Chinese population with Han nationality. METHODS: The C-318T polymorphism in the promoter region and A+49G polymorphism in exon 1 of the CTLA-4 gene were studied by a polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer method. We studied 82 unrelated patients with UC and 204 healthy controls in a Chinese population with Han nationality. RESULTS: The frequency of the haplotype 2,3 (-318C+49G/-318T+49A) was 26% in patients with UC and 41% in healthy controls (Fisher exact test P = 0.0147, odds ratio = 0.4918, 95% confidence interval: 0.2784 - 0.8688), but this significance disappeared when Bonferoni correction was applied. No other significant differences in the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies were observed between C-318T and A+49G gene polymorphisms and UC in the Chinese Han population. CONCLUSION: The C-318T and A+49G polymorphisms of the CTLA-4 gene were not associated with UC in Chinese Han patients.     

Haplotype analysis in simplex families and novel analytic approaches in a case-control cohort reveal no evidence of association of the CTLA-4 gene with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a negative regulator of T cells and is, therefore, a strong candidate susceptibility gene for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. The association of CTLA-4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been investigated previously, with inconsistent results. Recently, SNPs mapping to the gene (and not previously investigated in RA) have been associated with both type 1 diabetes mellitus and Graves' disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the CTLA-4 polymorphism with RA. METHODS: Primer extension methods were used to genotype 5 haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNPs) (-1722 T/C, -1661 A/G, -658 C/T, -319 C/T, and +49 A/G), and the TaqMan 5' allelic discrimination assay was used to genotype an additional 2 SNPs (CT60 and rs1863800) mapping to the CTLA-4 gene. Association to the 5 htSNPs was investigated using the transmission disequilibrium test in RA simplex families (n = 122). Allele frequencies for the htSNPs were also investigated in affected sibling pairs (n = 96) and unrelated controls (n = 173). For the SNPs CT60 and rs1863800, unrelated patients with RA (n = 759) were compared with controls (n = 755). RESULTS: No evidence for association to single markers or haplotypes of the 5 htSNPs was detected in either RA simplex families or the affected sibling-control cohort. Neither of the 2 SNPs recently associated with Graves' disease showed evidence for association in the unrelated patient-control cohort. CONCLUSION: No evidence for association of CTLA-4 with RA was detected using family or case-control methods.     

细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4基因多态性与汉族溃疡性结肠炎患者的相关性研究

目的　研究细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA- 4)基因外显子1的49位点A/G和启动子- 318位点C/T多态性与溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的相关性。方法　采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应(PCR -SSP)方法,检测82例中国湖北汉族溃疡性结肠炎患者(UC)以及204 例健康对照者CTLA- 4 基因外显子1的49位点A/G和启动子-318位点C/T的基因型和单倍型。结果　UC患者CTLA -4 A+49G和C- 318T基因型与正常对照组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且与性别无关。在单倍型分析中,UC患者CTLA -4单倍型2,3(C-318 G49/T-318 A49)显著低于正常人群(26%比41%,P<0.05,OR=0.4918,95%CI:0.2784~0.8688)。结论　UC患者CTLA- 4 基因A+49G和C -318T单倍型2,3 与UC呈负相关。     

CTLA-4基因多态性与中国南方汉族人Graves病的相关性

用PCR-RFLP和PCR．SSLP分别确定CTLA-4基因第1外显子49位点基因型和第4外显子3，末端AT重复序列的基因型，分析广东汉族120例Graves病患者及123名正常对照组CTLA-4基因多态性。结果显示CTLA-4基因外显子1A49G及外显子4（AT）n多态性与广东汉族人GD不相关。     

Natural evolution of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis Tunisian patients and CTLA-4 SNP's

AIM: To analyze the polymorphisms of CTLA-4 gene involved in the response against hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection.METHODS: We recruited 500 hemodialysed patients from several hemodialysis centers, all HCV-antibody positive, spread over different regions of Tunisia, as part of a national survey in 2008 conducted in the laboratory of immunology at the Charles Nicolle hospital Tunisia, classified into two groups G1(PCR+) and G2(PCR-) according to the presence or absence of viral RNA. Of these patients, 307 were followed prospectively on a viral molecular level over a period from 2002 to 2008, divided into two groups based on the persistence and viral clearance. PCR-RFLP was performed for the analysis of SNPs(+49) A/G and(+6230) G/A CTLA-4 for these 500 patients and 358 healthy controls.RESULTS: Analysis of clinical and virological charac-teristics of our cohort suggests a nosocomial infection in our hemodialysed patients with transfusion history as a primary risk factor and a predominance of genotype 1b. The haplotype analysis revealed an increase of frequencies of GG(+49)/(CT60) CTLA-4 in the entire patients group compared to controls(P = 0.0036 and OR = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.12-1.79, respectively). This haplotype is therefore associated with susceptibility to HCV infection. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests a possible role of CTLA-4 polymorphisms in the outcome of HCV infection in the Tunisian hemodialysed population.     

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis in Chinese population

AIM: To investigate the association between Chinese patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and the polymorphisms of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene promoter (-318) and exon 1 (+49). METHODS: CTLA-4 promoter (-318 T/C) and exon1 (+49A/G) polymorphisms were genotyped via restriction fragment length polymorphism methods in 62 Chinese AIH patients, 77 Chinese PBC patients and 160 healthy controls. RESULTS: We found a significant association in CTLA-4 gene exon1 49 A/G polymorphism between PBC patients and controls (P = 0.006) and the frequency of G alleles was significantly increased in comparison with controls (P = 0.0046, OR = 1.8). We also found the frequency of C alleles in promoter -318 was significantly increased in AIH patients compared with controls (P = 0.02, OR = 0.41). Although the genotype distribution of the CTLA-4 exon 1-promoter gene was not significantly different between AIH and PBC patients and controls, the occurrence of GG-CC was increased in two groups of patients (AIH: 32.3%, PBC: 37.7%, control: 22.5%). CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of CTLA-4 gene probably confer susceptibility to AIH and PBC in Chinese population.     

Influence of CTLA4 haplotypes on susceptibility and some extraglandular manifestations in primary Sjögren's syndrome

OBJECTIVE: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a key negative regulator of the T cell immune response, and the CTLA4 gene is highly polymorphic. Many positive associations between CTLA4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and various autoimmune diseases have been identified. Two CTLA4 SNPs that are important relative to genetic susceptibility in human autoimmune diseases are the +49GA polymorphism in exon 1 and the CT60A/G polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region. Using these 2 polymorphisms as markers, we investigated possible genetic associations of CTLA4 in Australian patients with primary Sj?gren's syndrome. METHODS: One hundred eleven Australian Caucasian patients with primary SS and 156 population-based controls were genotyped for CTLA4 by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, using the restriction enzymes BseXI (+49G/A) and HpyCh4 IV (CT60). RESULTS: The CT60 and +49G/A SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium, and only 3 haplotypes were observed. Significant differences in the haplotype frequencies between patients with primary SS and controls (P = 0.032) were observed, with susceptibility to primary SS associated with both the +49A;CT60A haplotype and the +49A;CT60G haplotype, whereas the +49G;CT60G haplotype was protective against primary SS. The +49A;CT60G haplotype association was predominantly with Ro/La autoantibody-positive primary SS, and the dose of this haplotype influenced the severity of daytime sleepiness (P = 0.036). The +49A;CT60A haplotype appeared to be protective against the development of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with primary SS (odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.27-0.91). CONCLUSION: The CTLA4 +49G/A and CT60 haplotypes are associated with susceptibility to primary SS and with some extraglandular manifestations of the disease.     

细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4/CT60基因多态性与溃疡性结肠炎的关系

目的探讨细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA4）CT00位点基因多态性与中国湖北地区汉族人溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的相关性。方法共收集64例UC患者和109例正常对照静脉血标本提取基因组DNA。采用多聚酶链反应．限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR-RFLP）方法检测CT60G／A（rs3087243）位点的多态性，计算CTLA4的基因型和等位基因频率。结果CT60G／A基因型分布及等位基因频率，UC组与正常对照组比较差异无显著性，中国湖北地区汉族人群CTLA4CT60基因型和等位基因分布与日本人群相似。而与西班牙人群分布存在显著差异。结论CT60基因多态性与中国湖北汉族人UC易感性无关。     

HLA-DQB1 CAR1/CAR2, TNFa IR2/IR4 and CTLA-4 polymorphisms in Tunisian patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Sj?gren's syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the contribution of HLA class II region and the CTLA-4 gene in genetic susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sj?gren's syndrome (SS) in the Tunisian population. METHODS: The polymorphisms of a (CA)n microsatellite of HLA-DQB1 CAR1/CAR2, TNFa IR2/IR4 and an (AT)n microsatellite in the 3'-untranslated region of exon 3 of the CTLA-4 gene were analysed after specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Typing of CTLA-4 A/G exon 1 polymorphism was achieved by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: Genomic DNA from 60 patients with RA, 58 patients with SS and 150 healthy individuals was genotyped. The distribution of HLA-DQ CAR1/CAR2 allele frequencies differed between patients and controls in both diseases (RA, P<10(-15); SS, P=7.6x10(-15); RA+SS, P<10(-15)). The analysis of TNFa IR2/IR4 and CTLA-4 A/G polymorphisms did not show any differences in allele or genotype frequencies between patients and control subjects in either disease. The distribution of CTLA-4 (AT)n allele frequencies differed between patients with RA and controls (P=10(-3)), whereas no significant difference was detected between patients with SS and controls. CONCLUSION: These data suggest the involvement of HLA-DQ CAR1/CAR2 polymorphisms in genetic susceptibility to RA and SS and the participation of the CTLA-4 gene, or a gene closely associated with it, in the development of RA.