2007-2009年全国淋球菌耐药监测实验室药敏试验室间质评结果分析

目的了解全国淋球菌耐药监测点药敏试验的检测水平,分析其影响因素及存在的问题,以提高我国淋球菌耐药监测点实验室药敏试验检测的质量.方法采用特快专递的方式,将质评样本集中统一发放到全国各淋球菌耐药监测点,由中国疾病预防控制中心性病控制中心将同报结果与预期结果进行比对分析.并将考评结果集中反馈给各参评单位.结果 2007-2009年间共发放室间质评考核样本35组,每组3份样本,合计105份,总回报率为88.57%(93/105).全国共有13个淋球菌耐药监测点参加了室间质评活动,3年间参评单位数分别为9、9、13,合格单位数分别为6、7、11.质评考核成绩的总合格率为77.42%(24/31).淋球菌的药敏检测结果符合率:提高的有质粒介导的产青霉素酶淋球菌、染色体介导的环丙沙星以及大观霉素耐药淋球菌;降低的有质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌和染色体介导的头孢曲松耐药淋球菌.结论经过3年的室间质评,全国淋球菌耐药监测实验室药敏试验的整体检测质量得到了提高,其中产青霉素酶淋球菌、环丙沙星和大观霉素的药敏检测结果的符合率提升较快,而头孢曲松及质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌的药敏检测质量有待提高.     

2007-2009年全国淋球菌耐药监测实验室药敏试验室间质评结果分析

目的了解全国淋球菌耐药监测点药敏试验的检测水平,分析其影响因素及存在的问题,以提高我国淋球菌耐药监测点实验室药敏试验检测的质量.方法采用特快专递的方式,将质评样本集中统一发放到全国各淋球菌耐药监测点,由中国疾病预防控制中心性病控制中心将同报结果与预期结果进行比对分析.并将考评结果集中反馈给各参评单位.结果 2007-2009年间共发放室间质评考核样本35组,每组3份样本,合计105份,总回报率为88.57%(93/105).全国共有13个淋球菌耐药监测点参加了室间质评活动,3年间参评单位数分别为9、9、13,合格单位数分别为6、7、11.质评考核成绩的总合格率为77.42%(24/31).淋球菌的药敏检测结果符合率:提高的有质粒介导的产青霉素酶淋球菌、染色体介导的环丙沙星以及大观霉素耐药淋球菌;降低的有质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌和染色体介导的头孢曲松耐药淋球菌.结论经过3年的室间质评,全国淋球菌耐药监测实验室药敏试验的整体检测质量得到了提高,其中产青霉素酶淋球菌、环丙沙星和大观霉素的药敏检测结果的符合率提升较快,而头孢曲松及质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌的药敏检测质量有待提高.     

2007-2009年全国淋球菌耐药监测实验室药敏试验室间质评结果分析

目的了解全国淋球菌耐药监测点药敏试验的检测水平,分析其影响因素及存在的问题,以提高我国淋球菌耐药监测点实验室药敏试验检测的质量.方法采用特快专递的方式,将质评样本集中统一发放到全国各淋球菌耐药监测点,由中国疾病预防控制中心性病控制中心将同报结果与预期结果进行比对分析.并将考评结果集中反馈给各参评单位.结果 2007-2009年间共发放室间质评考核样本35组,每组3份样本,合计105份,总回报率为88.57%(93/105).全国共有13个淋球菌耐药监测点参加了室间质评活动,3年间参评单位数分别为9、9、13,合格单位数分别为6、7、11.质评考核成绩的总合格率为77.42%(24/31).淋球菌的药敏检测结果符合率:提高的有质粒介导的产青霉素酶淋球菌、染色体介导的环丙沙星以及大观霉素耐药淋球菌;降低的有质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌和染色体介导的头孢曲松耐药淋球菌.结论经过3年的室间质评,全国淋球菌耐药监测实验室药敏试验的整体检测质量得到了提高,其中产青霉素酶淋球菌、环丙沙星和大观霉素的药敏检测结果的符合率提升较快,而头孢曲松及质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌的药敏检测质量有待提高.

Abstract：

Objective To make a nationwide external quality assessment for drug sensitivity testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, analyze the problems in and factors associated with the drug sensitivity testing, and to enhance the quality of drug sensitivity testing of N. gonorrhoeae at different monitoring sites. Methods Samples were uniformly delivered to monitoring sites by express mail service. Test results were analyzed in the National Center for STD Control, and the evaluation results were fed back to these monitoring sites. Results A total of 105 quality control samples were delivered from 2007 to 2009, with a response rate of 88.57% (93/105). Thirteen monitoring sites were enrolled in the external quality assessment, including 9 laboratories in 2007, 9 in 2008 and 13 in 2009. The total percentage amounted to 77.42% (24/31) for qualified laboratories during the 3 years, including 6 laboratories in 2007, 7 in 2008 and 11 in 2009. The coincidence rate increased for the detection of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG), N. gonorrhoeae with chromosome-mediated ciprofloxacin resistance, and N. gonorrhoeae with chromosome-mediated spectinomycin resistance, and declined for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae with plasmid-mediated high level tetracycline-resistance (TRNG) and N. gonorrhoeae with chromosome-mediated ceftriaxone resistance. Conclusions The 3-year external quality assessment reveals an improvement in the overall quality of drug sensitivity testing of N. gonorrhoeae at national monitoring sites; the accuracy is improved markedly for the detection of PPNG, N. gonorrhoeae with resistance to spectinomycin and ciprofloxacin, but is needed to increase for the detection of ceftriaxone-resis- tant N. gonorrhoeae and TRNG.     

2001～2006年福州地区淋球菌耐药监测结果

为研究福州地区2001~2006年分离的淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素和头孢曲松的敏感性,制定治疗方案和防治对策的参考依据,共监测了1206株淋球菌对抗菌药物的敏感性,测定菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性用琼脂稀释法,测定产青霉素酶淋球菌菌株用纸片酸度法。发现产青霉素酶的菌株(PPNG)258株,占21.39%。质粒介导的高度耐四环素菌株(TRNG)260株占21.56%。本地区PPNG菌株及质粒介导的高度耐四环素菌株呈明显上升趋势。环丙沙星耐药1163株占96.43%。淋球菌对大观霉素和头孢曲松仍较敏感。     

2003～2006年南京地区淋球菌分离株抗菌药物敏感性监测

目的：分析2003～2006年淋球菌耐药现状。方法：纸片酸度定量法测定菌株的β-内酰胺酶;琼脂稀释法测定青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素和头孢曲松对淋球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果：共检测了791株淋球菌,产青霉素酶淋球菌（PPNG）的阳性率每年维持在42.23%～57.36%之间,质粒介导的耐四环素淋球菌（TRNG）的阳性率由2003年的19.47%（37/190）上升到2006年的32.82%（65/198）。在非PPNG中,染色体介导的青霉素耐药菌株的阳性率介于57.84%～87.27%。耐环丙沙星淋球菌的阳性率介于97.89%～99.51%,未检出头孢曲松耐药菌株,每年的低敏菌株比例处于30.58%～57.89%之间。每年均检出1～2株大观霉素耐药菌株,共6株。结论：头孢曲松和大观霉素为治疗淋病的有效药物。     

2000年上海地区淋球菌对抗生素的敏感性测定

为了解上海地区淋球菌对抗生素的敏感性，2000年我们从上海地区分离出225株淋球菌流行株，使用琼脂平皿稀释法测定青霉素、四环素、头孢曲松、大观霉素、环丙沙星对淋巴菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC),采用纸片法对菌株作β－内酰胺酶测定。结果：225株淋球菌中产青霉素酶株（PPNG）84株（37．32％），质粒介导高度耐四环素株（TRNG）15株（6．67％），环丙沙星高度耐药株（MIC≥16mg/L）22株（9．33％），朱发现对头孢曲松、大观霉素耐药菌株。对淋球菌进行持续的耐药监测，有助于了解流行菌株的耐药情况，为制定防治策略提供依据。上海地区宜首选大观霉素或头孢曲松治疗淋球菌感染。     

1999-2002年南京地区淋球菌分离株抗生素敏感性监测

目的 监测南京地区淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性,报告1999-2002年的结果。方法 采用纸片酸度定量法测定菌株是否产β-内酰胺酶。采用琼脂稀释法测定青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素和头孢曲松对淋球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果 共对417株淋球菌进行了检测,产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)的阳性率由1999年的8.0%上升到2002年的31.31%(P<0.001),质粒介导的耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)的阳性率由1999年的1.8%上升到2002年的22.2%(P<0.001)。在非PPNG中,染色体介导的青霉素耐药菌株的阳性率介于64.08%~87.80%。耐环丙沙星淋球菌的阳性率介于83.93%~97.17%。未检出对头孢曲松耐药的淋球菌,但低敏菌株的比例从1999年的17.9%上升到2002年的50.5%(P<0.005)。在2001与2002年各检测出1株对大观霉素耐药的淋球菌。结论 南京地区分离的淋球菌中,质粒介导的耐药性(包括PPNG和TRNG)增长速度较快,染色体介导的对青霉素和环丙沙星耐药的淋球菌比例很高,大观霉素耐药性淋球菌偶见。头孢曲松和大观霉素为治疗淋病的有效药物。     

淋球菌130株对7种抗生素的耐药性结果分析

目的了解2018年本单位淋球菌对7种抗生素耐药趋势及产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)和质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)流行情况。方法琼脂稀释法测定青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素、阿奇霉素、头孢曲松、头孢克肟的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的标准判定其敏感性;用纸片碘量法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果 130株淋球菌检出PPNG达43.85%(57/130),(TRNG)达22.31%(29/130),环丙沙星耐药率高达96.92%(126/130),阿奇霉素耐药率达16.15%(21/130),大观霉素未发现耐药菌,头孢曲松、头孢克肟敏感率都是90.77%(118/130),中度敏感率达9.23%(12/130)。结论头孢曲松、头孢克肟、大观霉素都未见耐药菌株,仍可推荐为广州地区淋病患者首选药物,但前二者中度敏感率呈动态变化,提示临床应长期监测耐药性动态变化的重要性。     

100株淋球菌对7种抗生素的耐药性结果分析

 目的:监测2019年本单位淋球菌对7种抗生素的耐药性趋势及产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)和质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)流行情况,为临床有效选择抗生素提供实验室依据。方法：收集本单位门诊临床分离培养的100株淋球菌,用琼脂稀释法测定青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素、阿奇霉素、头孢曲松、头孢克肟的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）;用纸片碘量法检测β 内酰胺酶。结果：产青霉素酶淋球菌（PPNG）株占35％（35/100）,质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌（TRNG）株占32％（32/100）。环丙沙星和青霉素的耐药率分别高达99％（99/100）、93%（93/100）。阿奇霉素耐药率达10%（10/100）。头孢曲松和头孢克肟未见耐药菌株,低敏率分别为22%（22/100）和19%（19/100）,敏感率分别为78%（78/100）和81%（81/100）。大观霉素未发现耐药菌株和低敏菌株。结论：头孢曲松、头孢克肟、大观霉素仍可推荐为广州地区淋病患者首选药物。建议临床制定合理抗菌治疗方案以提供科学指导时,应长期监测淋球菌耐药性。     

淋球菌对抗生素耐药性的结果分析

目的：了解淋球菌对5种抗生素的耐药情况。方法：对2000－2001年广西南宁地区分离的160株淋球菌，在系统鉴定的基础上，以琼脂稀释法测定了对青霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、大观霉素和四环素的最小抑菌浓度（MIC），并根据世界卫生组织（WHO）标准判定其敏感、中度敏感及耐药性。结果：在检测的160株淋球菌菌株中，产青霉素酶淋球菌（PPNG）阳性率为4．4％，青霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、大观霉素、四环素耐药率分别为78．1％、91．9％、3．1％、0．6％和48．1％。结论：南宁地区淋球菌耐药以环丙沙星为甚，青霉素和四环素次之，也出现了个别耐头孢曲松和耐大观霉素的淋球菌菌株。     

2008年中国淋球菌临床分离株耐药性的流行病学研究

目的 通过对2008年淋球菌耐药监测结果进行分析,了解我国不同地区淋球菌耐药株的流行现状.方法 淋球菌株来自2008年全国淋球菌耐药监测点符合要求的951例淋病患者,其中江苏156例、浙江71例、福建102例、广东207例,广西77例、海南43例、新疆45例、陕西72例、四川80例、重庆44例、天津54例.通过纸片酸度定量法测定β-内酰胺酶,琼脂稀释法测定大观霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松钠、四环素对淋球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果 大观霉素有2株耐药(0.21%),头孢曲松451株中度敏感(47.42%),质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)487株(51.21%),产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)332株(34.91%),环丙沙星928株耐药(97.58%).淋球菌对多种抗菌药物敏感性间的等级相关分析显示,TRNG阳性率与PPNG阳性率呈正相关(r=0.20,P<0.01),淋球菌对头孢曲松的敏感性与PPNG阳性率负相关r=-0.09,P<0.01),而淋球菌对头孢曲松的敏感性与对环丙沙星的敏感性及TRNG阳性率、淋球菌对环丙沙星的敏感性与PPNG阳性率及TRNG阳性率间没有相关性.卡方分析显示,各省收集的淋球菌对头孢曲松的中敏率之间相差比较大,广西、海南、新疆、陕西四省的中敏率(分别为87.01%、69.77%、82.22%、86.11%)高于总体水平(47.42%);陕西省有2株淋球菌对大观霉素耐药;各省收集的淋球菌对环丙沙星的耐药率较一致(86.11%～100%);广东省收集的淋球菌中TRNG的阳性率(68.60%)明显高于总体水平(51.21%);四川省、浙江省收集的淋球菌中PPNG的阳性率(分别为63.75%和54.93%)明显高于总体水平(34.91%)(P<0.05).结论 不同地区的淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性有明显的差别,其中陕西省收集的淋球菌对首选药物中头孢曲松的中度敏感率及对大观霉素的耐药率较高,应引起重视.

Abstract：

Objective To study the current status of antimicrobial resistance of clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in China by analyzing the surveillance results in 2008.Methods N. gonorrhoeae strains were collected from 951 eligible patients at national monitoring sites for resistance of N. gonorrheae,including 156 patients from Jiangsu province,71 from Zhejiang province,102 from Fujian province,207 from Guangdong province,77 from Guangxi province,43 from Hainan province,80 from Sichuan province,44 from Chongqing,45 from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,72 from Shaanxi province,and 54 from Tianjin.The production of β-lactamase was detected by paper acidometric testing,and minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were determined by agar dilution method for spectinomycin,ciprofloxacin,cefiriaxone,tetracycline,respectively.Results Among the 951 N. gonorrhoeae isolates,2(0.21%)were resistant to spectinomycin,451(47.42%)showed reduced sensitivity to ceflriaxone,928(97.58%)were resistant to ciprofloxacin.Penicillinase-producing N.gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and plasmid mediated tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (TRNG) accounted for 34.91%(332/951)and 51.21%(487/951) of these isolates respectively.Kendall rank correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the positivity rate of TRNG and PPNG(r=0.20,P<0.01),but a negative correlation between the susceptibility to cefiriaxone in N.gonorrhoeae and positivity rate of PPNG(r=-0.09,P<0.01).No correlation was observed between the susceptibility to cefiriaxone and susceptibility to ciprofloxacin or the positivity rate of TRNG,or between the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and positivity rate of PPNG or TRNG.Chi-square analysis showed a marked increase in the percentage of N.gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone in Guangxi province,Hainan province,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Shaanxi province,the percentage of N.gonorrhoeae isolates with resisitance to spectinomycin in Shaanxi province,prevelance of TRNG in Guangdong province,and prevelance of PPNG in Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces compared with the average level (all P<0.05).Conclusions Thero is a significant diffefence in antimicrobial susceptibility of N.gonorrhoeae from difierent areas of China.A significant elevation is observed in the percentage of N.gonorrhoeae with reduced susceptibihty to cefifiaxone and resistance to spectinomycin in Shaanxi province.to which close attention should be paid.     

2006-2011年海南地区淋球菌耐药性监测分析

目的监测2006-2011年海南地区淋球菌对抗菌药物的耐药趋势。方法收集2006-2011年海南部分地区患者中分离的淋球菌384株,用琼脂稀释法测定4种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),用纸片酸度法测定β-内酰胺酶。结果产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)阳性率从2006年16.47%上升到2011年30.69%;高水平耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)阳性率从24.71%上升到53.47%;环丙沙星耐药率在93.33%～100%之间,2010年为86.36%;头孢曲松耐药率从0上升到2.97%,低敏率从24.71%上升到87.88%;大观霉素未发现耐药菌株。结论 PPNG,TRNG,环丙沙星的耐药率明显上升,头孢曲松出现耐药株,低敏株也不断增加,表明了淋球菌的耐药趋势逐渐增强,应引起临床医师的高度警惕;持续监测淋球菌的耐药性十分重要。     

Surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Nanjing, China, 1999-2006

OBJECTIVE: To monitor the frequency and types of antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Nanjing, China, between 1999 and 2006. METHODS: beta-Lactamase production was determined by paper acidometric testing. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to penicillin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and spectinomycin were determined by agar plate dilution. Plasmid types were determined for TRNG and PPNG isolates by PCR. RESULTS: One-thousand two-hundred and eight N. gonorrhoeae isolates were examined. The rate of PPNG rose from 8.0% (9 of 112) in 1999 to 57.36% (113 of 197) in 2004, and declined to 44.44% (88 of 198) in 2006. Prevalence of TRNG increased from 1.8% (2 of 112) in 1999 to 32.82% (65 of 198) in 2006. 99.23% (258 of 260) of TRNG contained the Dutch-type tetM gene and 2 strains contained the American-type tetM gene. All PPNG examined contained the Asian type plasmid. Among non-PPNG, chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin varied from 57.84% (59 of 102) to 87.80% (72 of 82). Chromosomal resistance to ciprofloxacin (QRNG) was detected in 83.93% (94 of 112) of the strains in 1999 and 98.99% (196 of 198) in 2006. Eight spectinomycin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains were detected between 2001 and 2006. None of the gonococcal isolates tested was resistant to ceftriaxone but decreased susceptibility was observed in some strains. CONCLUSIONS: Among N. gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Nanjing, China, plasmid mediated resistance including PPNG and TRNG increased significantly between 1999 and 2006. Chromosomally mediated resistance to both penicillin and ciprofloxacin was also high during this period. Spectinomycin resistance of N. gonorrhoeae was sporadic. Ceftriaxone and spectinomycin can be considered effective antimicrobial agents for the treatment of gonorrhea in Nanjing at the present time.     

西安地区2002-2009年淋球菌耐药性趋势分析

目的 监测西安地区淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及产青霉素酶(PPNG)和质粒介导的耐四环素菌株(TRNG),了解淋球菌耐药趋势.方法 2002-2009年从性病门诊确诊的淋病患者中分离647株淋球菌.采用琼脂稀释法检测菌株是否为TRNG及对抗生素最低抑菌浓度(MIC),采用纸片酸度法测定菌株是否产β-内酰胺酶(PPNG).结果 647株淋球菌中,检出216株(33.4%)TRNG,PPNG为290株(44.8%).TRNG的阳性率保持在28.3%～49.2%,只有2005年阳性率是17.3%.PPNG阳性率由2002年的37.1%上升到2005年的64%,呈递增趋势,但2006-2009年又逐年下降,2009年下降到32.3%.大观霉素的耐药率为0～2.8%.环丙沙星的耐药率除2006年(51%)有所下降以外,其余均在80%以上,2005年达到100%.头孢曲松的耐药率除2003年发现4株耐药外,其余无耐药株出现,但敏感菌株逐渐减少,中敏菌株逐年递增.结论 淋球菌对大观霉素敏感性高,应做为治疗淋病的首选药物,头孢曲松治疗淋病应注意给足剂量,环丙沙星不能做为治疗淋病用药.

Abstract：

Objective To monitor the antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, determine the prevalence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and plasmid-mediated tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (TRNG) in Xi'an region, and to analyse the trends in antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Methods In total, 647 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were isolated from patients with gonorrhea in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic settings from 2002 to 2009. Agar dilution method was used to detect TRNG and determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics, and paper acidometric method to detect PPNG. Results Of these 647 strains, 216 (33.4%) were TRNG, 290 (44.8%)were PPNG. The prevalence of TRNG strains remained between 28.3% and 49.2% in 2002-2009, except for 17.3% in 2005; the prevalence of PPNG strains increased from 37.1% in 2002 to 64% in 2005, but declined from 2006 to 2009 (32.3%). The prevalence of resistance to spectinomycin maintained at a low level (0 to 2.8%) over these years, while that to ciprofloxacin remained higher than 80% from 2002 to 2009, and accounted for 100% in 2005, with the exception of 51% in 2006. Ceftriaxone resistance was observed in none of these strains except 4 isolates in 2003, but the susceptibility to ceftriaxone decreased yearly. Conclusions Neisseria gonorrhoeae is highly sensitive to spectinomycin, which should serve as the first treatment choice for gonorrhea.Full dose is necessary for the application of ceftriaxone in the treatment of gonorrhea. Ciprofloxacin should not be used to treat gonorrhea.     

南宁地区2009-2011年淋球菌抗生素耐药性的检测结果分析

目的了解淋球菌对5种抗生素的耐药情况,为制定淋病合理有效的治疗方案提供理论依据。方法对2009-2011年广西南宁地区分离的96株淋球菌,在系统鉴定的基础上,根据世界卫生组织(WHO)标准判定其敏感、中度敏感及耐药。结果 96株淋球菌中β-内酰胺酶(+)菌株为28株;质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌TRNG(+)57株。环丙沙星耐药率为98.96%。头孢曲松和大观霉素未发现耐药菌株。结论南宁地区淋球菌耐药以环丙沙星为甚,四环素和青霉素次之。