影响脊髓损伤患者出院时日常生活活动能力的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响脊髓损伤(SCI)患者出院时日常生活活动(ADL)能力的相关因素.方法 对105例SCI患者进行分析,入选时收集每位患者病史,记录一般情况如性别、年龄、病因、损伤水平、损伤分级、受伤(发病)时间、手术时间、入院和出院时间等,并记录出院和入院时的改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分、美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)SCI积分,对影响患者出院时ADL能力的因素进行线性回归分析.结果 出院时,SCI患者ASIA运动评分、ASIA针刺觉评分、ASIA轻触觉评分和MBI评分均有改善,与入院时比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);多因素分析显示,SCI分级、入院时ASIA运动评分、入院时ASIA针刺觉评分等3个因素与出院时MBI评分密切相关,康复介入时间、康复疗程、入院时ASIA运动评分等3个因素与出入院MBI差值密切相关.结论 通过康复训练,各年龄阶段、不同损伤平面、不同损伤程度的SCI患者的ADL能力都可得到改善.入院时运动能力较好、康复疗程足够长、康复介入时间早的患者改善幅度也相对较大.     

影响脊髓损伤患者出院日常生活活动能力的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响脊髓损伤（SCI）患者出院时日常生活活动（ADL）能力的相关因素。 方法对105例SCI患者进行分析,入选时收集每位患者病史,记录一般情况如性别、年龄、病因、损伤水平、损伤分级、受伤（发病）时间、手术时间、入院和出院时间等,并记录出院和入院时的改良Barthel指数（MBI）评分、美国脊髓损伤协会（ASIA）SCI积分,对影响患者出院时ADL能力的因素进行线性回归分析。 结果出院时,SCI患者ASIA运动评分、ASIA针刺觉评分、ASIA轻触觉评分和MBI评分均有改善,与入院时比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;多因素分析显示,SCI分级、入院时ASIA运动评分、入院时ASIA针刺觉评分等3个因素与出院时MBI评分密切相关,康复介入时间、康复疗程、入院时ASIA运动评分等3个因素与出入院MBI差值密切相关。 结论通过康复训练,各年龄阶段、不同损伤平面、不同损伤程度的SCI患者的ADL能力都可得到改善。入院时运动能力较好、康复疗程足够长、康复介入时间早的患者改善幅度也相对较大。     

早期康复治疗对脊髓损伤患者日常生活活动能力的影响

目的:探讨脊髓损伤早期康复的意义。方法:选择108例脊髓损伤患者于早期和中晚期接受康复治疗进行回顾性对照比较。3个月内就诊为早期,定为观察组68例;3个月后就诊为中、晚期,定为对照组40例。两组均接受常规的系统康复治疗。结果:治疗前两组的MBI差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),而治疗后两组的MBI(观察组80.21±3.12;对照组:49.72±3.62)差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。观察组76.5%达到生活基本自理;而对照组仅有20%达到生活基本自理。结论:早期康复治疗对脊髓损伤后功能改善具有重要意义。     

汶川地震脊髓损伤患者日常生活活动能力预后的相关因素分析

目的：探讨汶川地震脊髓损伤患者治疗前后影响日常生活活动（ADL）能力的相关因素。方法：选择可能对脊髓损伤患者临床预后有影响的因素,以入院康复治疗2个月后改良Barthel指数（MBI）为预后指标,进行回顾性和多因素分析。入选病例为35例地震致脊髓损伤患者。结果：经康复治疗2个月后,患者的MBI从治疗前的15.17提高到58.71。治疗后的ADL能力与年龄、康复介入时机、治疗前ADL评分不相关;与ASIA损伤等级、神经平面呈正相关;与受压时间、并发症数呈负相关。结论： ASIA损伤等级、神经平面、受压时间、并发症数都是影响地震致脊髓损伤患者ADL能力预后的主要因素。     

影响颅脑损伤患者日常生活活动能力的相关因素分析

目的：探讨影响康复医学科住院颅脑损伤（TBI）患者日常生活活动（ADL）能力的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析康复医学科106例TBI患者临床资料,包括TBI患者损伤类型、瘫痪侧别、损伤程度、治疗方式、肺部感染、尿路感染、炎症指标、凝血指标、生化指标（血钠、血白蛋白）、有无康复干预及认知功能、言语功能、吞咽功能、肢体运动功能评定结果等。以Barthel指数（BI）为因变量,先进行单因素分析,再进行线性逐步回归分析,筛选TBI患者ADL的相关影响因素。结果：单因素分析显示,损伤程度、肺部感染、尿路感染、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血钠、血白蛋白及认知功能、言语功能、吞咽功能、肢体运动功能评定结果均与TBI患者BI相关（P＜0.05）;线性逐步回归分析显示损伤程度、肺部感染、认知功能分级、失语症严重程度分级、下肢运动功能Brunnstrom分期与TBI患者BI相关（P＜0.05）。结论：损伤程度、合并肺部感染及认知障碍、言语障碍、下肢运动障碍的严重程度是影响TBI患者ADL的相关因素。     

早期康复治疗对脊髓损伤患者日常生活活动能力的影响

目的 探讨脊髓损伤（SCI）后早期康复对患者日常生活活动能力（ADL）的影响。方法 对50例SCI患者进行早期康复治疗，观察ADL的改善情况。结果 经2个月康复治疗，患者的Barthel指数及功能独立性测评（FIM）评分与治疗前有显著性差异（P〈0．05），ADL提高。结论 早期康复训练可有效提高SCI患者的ADI。     

家居环境改造对脊髓损伤患者出院后生存质量及日常生活能力的影响

目的探讨家居环境改造对脊髓损伤患者出院后生存质量及日常生活活动能力的影响。方法对65例脊髓损伤患者进行跟踪随访,其中31例进行了家居环境改造(观察组),34例未进行家居环境改造(对照组)。两组出院后均按常规定期进行康复训练指导。分别于出院后1个月、3个月采用Barthel指数(BI)和世界卫生组织生存质量测定简表(WHO QOL-BRIEF)进行评定。结果观察组出院后1个月、3个月QOL和BI评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对脊髓损伤患者进行家居环境改造,能最大限度地利用其残存功能,提高生存质量及日常生活活动能力。     

脊髓独立性评估量表III在脊髓损伤患者日常生活活动能力评估中的应用

目的：探讨脊髓独立性评估量表III（SCIM-III）在脊髓损伤患者日常生活活动能力评估中的适用性。方法：选取94例脊髓损伤患者。收集其背景资料并分别进行SCIM-III及改良Barthel指数（MBI）评估。年龄、性别、病程、SCIM-III、MBI等定性及定量变量分别采用描述性分析。对SCIM-III及MBI总得分及各亚项目的相关性分析分别采用Pearson相关性分析。结果：SCIM-III与MBI总得分呈高度相关(r=0.97,P<0.01);SCIM-III各亚项目与MBI对应的各亚项目均为高度相关,进食(r=0.93,P<0.01)、洗浴(r=0.90,P<0.01)、梳洗(r=0.95,P<0.01)、穿衣(r=0.92,P<0.01)、入厕(r=0.93,P<0.01)、转移(r=0.95,P<0.01)、步行(r=0.94,P<0.01)、上下楼梯(r=0.94,P<0.01)。结论：SCIM-III适用于脊髓损伤患者的日常生活活动能力评估;SCIM-III与MBI在脊髓损伤患者日常生活活动能力的评估中临床效度高度相关;SCIM-III在脊髓损伤患者的基本日常生活能力的评估中更有针对性及更全面。     

下肢矫形器对脊髓损伤患者日常生活活动能力和步行能力恢复的辅助作用

目的：观察装配不同下肢矫形器在脊髓损伤中对日常生活活动能力和步行能力的影响.方法：选择2002-02/2004-12在十堰市中医院假肢矫形康复中心治疗的脊髓损伤患者17例.在装配下肢矫形器前进行康复强化训练与治疗,包括肌力、心肺功能、转移、日常生活活动能力等.根据损伤平面,损伤程度类型及双下肢运动功能障碍状况不同,装配不同下肢矫形器.装配后进行站立及行走能力强化训练,日常生活活动能力及心理治疗.患者训练2次/d,50～60 min/次,训练4～8周,训练前后用改良Barthel指数和功能独立性测评.结果：17例脊髓损伤患者均进入结果分析.①装配下肢矫形器后改良Barthel指数和功能独立性评分均高于装配前[（84.852&;#177;16.124）,（61.122&;#177;21.615）分;（109.316&;#177;16.156）,（87.982&;#177;17.148）分,P＜0.01],装配矫形器后改良Barthel指数中的床椅转移和平地行走能力评分均高于装配前[（15.457&;#177;1.59）,（8.857&;#177;3.126）分;（14.832&;#177;2.427）,（6.121&;#177;3.052）分,P＜0.05～0.01].装配矫形器后功能独立性评定中的床椅转移、平地行走、上下楼梯能力评分均高于装配前[（6.958&;#177;0.237）,（3.829&;#177;1.452）分;（6.214&;#177;0.566）,（2.482&;#177;1.014）分;（4.161&;#177;1.674）,（1.263&;#177;0.561）分,P＜0.05～0.01].②17例中4例达到治疗性步态（借助双腋拐可以在室内行走）,6例达到了家庭功能性步态（在室内独立行走,一次连续行走距离为400～800m）,7例达到了社区性步态（一次连续性行走＞900m,可以上下楼梯2层以上）. 结论：在脊髓损伤的康复治疗中,装配不同下肢矫形器结合站立及行走能力训练及日常生活活动能力训练,可以提高患者日常生活自理能力及行走能力.     

护患共同参与模式对脊髓损伤病人日常生活活动能力影响的研究

[目的]探讨护惠共同参与康复护理模式对脊髓损伤病人日常生活活动能力的影响。[方法]将60例脊髓损伤病人随机分为观察组30例、对照组30例;对照组给予常规护理,观察组采用护患共同参与康复护理模式;分别于病人入院时和出院时采用Barthel指数评定两组病人的日常生活活动能力并进行比较。[结果]出院时观察组Barthel指数为58．17分&#177;15．95分,对照组为38．67分&#177;7．00分。两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。[结论]护患共同参与康复护理模式能有效提高脊髓损伤病人日常生活活动能力。     

康复治疗脊髓损伤功能恢复的疗效观察

目的研究康复治疗对脊髓损伤患者的运动功能,感觉平面恢复,排尿功能及ADL等的影响,为脊髓康复程序化治疗提供可靠的依据.方法脊髓损伤患者32例,损伤水平颈段11例,胸段9例,腰段12例.发病后距康复治疗时间为1～10个月,平均(4.8±3.6)个月,康复治疗持续时间为58～90d.采取运动功能训练,ADL训练,理疗,心理疏导等方法,进行运动平面总积分,感觉平面总积分,排尿功能分级,Barthel指数的评定.结果32例脊髓损伤患者治疗后运动平面总积分(55.88±16.48),感觉平面总积分(68.09±17.63),排尿功能分级(2.03±1.57)及Barthel指数(67.81±20.54),与康复治疗前比较差异均有非常显著性(P＜0.001);9例完全性脊髓损伤中,经康复治疗后,运动平面总积分,感觉平面总积分及Barthel指数均有明显提高(P＜0.05),而排尿功能分级改变不大(P＞0.05).结论脊髓损伤患者有一定恢复的潜力,不完全性脊髓损伤的恢复潜力较大.完全性脊髓损伤的排尿功能分级康复治疗前后变化不大,但运动功能、感觉功能及ADL均有明显改善.     

脊髓损伤患者神经病理性疼痛现况调查及相关影响因素分析

目的 调查脊髓损伤患者神经病理性疼痛（NP）现况,并分析其相关影响因素。 方法 先用DN4量表在所有诊断为脊髓损伤的患者中筛选出伴有NP的患者,搜集70例脊髓损伤伴NP患者的性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、平均月收入、损伤部位、婚姻状态等一般调查资料,然后再对筛选出来的患者用简化的McGill疼痛问卷表（SF-MPQ）进行NP现况调查,记录患者的疼痛目测类比法（VAS）评分以及疼痛评级指数(PRI),包括PRI-感觉项、PRI-情感项及PEI等平均得分;采用SPSS13.0统计软件对患者的基本资料进行单因素和多因素统计分析,分析患者NP的影响因素。 结果 ①患者的平均疼痛目测类比法（VAS）评分4.37分;SF-MPQ调查的平均PRI得分8.23分,PRI-感觉项平均得分5.2 3分,PRI-情感项平均得分3.00分;现在疼痛强度(PPI)平均程度为1.86,PPI介于轻痛和难受之间,PPI中出现最多的是难受这个描述词。疼痛描述词按出现频率排在前三位的是刺痛、烧灼痛和坠胀痛。有60例（85.7%）患者认为疼痛对其情感状态造成影响,出现最多的是疲惫耗竭感这个描述词。②单因素分析显示损伤程度、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入、家人支持与否以及是否用药是NP的影响因素（P<0.01）,而性别、年龄、病程、损伤部位、职业等因素与VAS评分无明显相关性（P>0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,未婚、损伤程度重为NP的独立保护因素（OR＜1）,家庭人均月收入低、没有家人支持、没有用药为NP的独立危险因素（OR＞1）。 结论 脊髓损伤患者NP感觉多样,疼痛程度中等,绝大多数患者情感状态受到影响;未婚和损伤程度重为独立保护因素,家庭人均月收入低、没有家人支持及没有用药为其独立危险因素。     

A prospective study on physical activity levels after spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation and the year after discharge

van den Berg-Emons RJ, Bussmann JB, Haisma JA, Sluis TA, van der Woude LH, Bergen MP, Stam HJ. A prospective study on physical activity levels after spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation and the year after discharge.

Objectives

To assess the change over time in the physical activity level after a spinal cord injury (SCI), to explore its determinants, and to compare the physical activity level 1 year after discharge from the rehabilitation center with the level in able-bodied persons.

Design

Prospective cohort study. Measurements were obtained at the start of active rehabilitation, 3 months later, at discharge, 2 months after discharge, and 1 year after discharge.

Setting

Rehabilitation center in The Netherlands and the participant's home.

Participants

Persons (n=40) with SCI.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

The physical activity level, as indicated by the duration of dynamic activities (ie, wheelchair driving, walking, cycling, noncyclic movement) per day, and the intensity of everyday activity; both were measured with an accelerometry-based activity monitor during 2 consecutive weekdays.

Results

Random coefficient analyses showed that the duration of dynamic activities and the intensity of everyday activity increased during inpatient rehabilitation at rates of 41% and 19%, respectively (P<.01). Shortly after discharge, there was a strong decline (33%; P<.001) in the duration of dynamic activities. One year after discharge, this decline was restored to the discharge level but was low in comparison with levels in able-bodied persons. The level of lesion and completeness of lesion were determinants of the change in the physical activity level after discharge.

Conclusions

The physical activity level increased during inpatient rehabilitation, but this increase did not continue after discharge, and the level 1 year after discharge was distinctly lower than the level in able-bodied persons. Subpopulations had a different change over time in the physical activity level after discharge.     

认知疗法对脊髓损伤患者抑郁情绪的影响

目的探讨认知疗法对脊髓损伤患者抑郁情绪的康复疗效。方法采用抽签法将64例伴有抑郁情绪的脊髓损伤患者分为观察组32例和对照组32例,均接受常规康复训练并每日口服氟西汀20mg,观察组在此基础上早期介入认知疗法。采用Zung抑郁自评量表、Barthel指数对两组患者进行治疗前后抑郁水平和日常生活活动能力评定。结果治疗8月后,两组抑郁自评量表评分较前降低、Barthel指数有提高,两组组间比较显示观察组优于对照组。结论认知疗法能显著改善脊髓损伤患者的抑郁情绪、提高患者的日常生活活动能力。     

康复治疗对脊髓损伤患者功能恢复的影响

目的　研究不同水平、不同程度的脊髓损伤患者经过综合康复治疗后的功能恢复情况。方法　采用神经生理学方法配合传统疗法及矫形器的应用 ,对 50例患者进行了系统的康复治疗 ,用ASIA标准评分、ADLBarthel指数、Lindmark法中的平衡、转移能力和Ashworth痉挛分级评定SCI患者的功能状况。结果　治疗后 ,脊髓部分损伤者ASIA运动评分有显著提高 (P <0 .0 1) ,感觉评分亦明显提高 (P <0 .0 5) ,颈髓完全损伤者ASIA运动评分有明显提高 (P <0 .0 5) ,颈髓完全损伤者ASIA感觉评分和胸腰髓完全损伤者ASIA运动、感觉评分虽有改善 ,但差异无显著性意义 ,(P >0 .0 5) ;颈髓完全损伤者ADL平衡和转移能力均无明显改善 (P >0 .0 5) ,其他患者ADL、平衡和转移能力均有显著提高 (P <0 .0 1)。痉挛随病程的延长而加重 ,以颈部为明显 (P <0 .0 5)。使用步行矫形器后 ,5例完全性T10 以下截瘫患者达到了功能性步行。结论　综合康复治疗能显著改善和提高脊髓损伤患者的运动功能和综合功能 ,其中以平衡和转移能力改善最为显著 (P <0 .0 1)。     

Aging with a spinal cord injury: factors associated with the need for more help with activities of daily living

OBJECTIVES: To determine (1) the frequency of the need for more help with activities of daily living (ADLs), (2) the frequency of medical complications, and (3) the association between medical, injury-related, and sociodemographic factors and the need for more help with ADLs among those aging with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: General community, international. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteers (N=352) with SCI for more than 20 years. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The need for more help with ADLs. RESULTS: The need for more help with ADLs during the last 3 years was reported by 32.1% of participants. At least 1 medical complication was reported by 85%. Constipation (47.9%), diarrhea/bowel accidents (41.8%), and pressure ulcers (38.7%) were common. Constipation, pressure ulcers, female gender, and years postinjury were associated with needing more help with ADLs. Constipation and pressure ulcers were associated with a 97% and a 76% increase, respectively, in the likelihood of needing more help with ADLs during a 3-year time period. Female gender was associated with a 96% increased odds of needing more help with ADLs. There was a 42% increased odds of needing more help with ADLs per decade after SCI. CONCLUSIONS: People aging with SCI are vulnerable to medical complications, and additional help is required to function. Knowledge of the effect of these factors, particularly the tetrad of constipation, pressure ulcers, female gender, and number of years postinjury, should increase awareness that more help with ADLs may be needed over time.     

Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To assess gender differences in neurologic and functional outcome measures in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Case series. SETTINGS: Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems (MSCIS) throughout the United States. PARTICIPANTS: People (N=14,433) admitted to an MSCIS within 30 days of injury. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Improvement in American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor index score, ASIA Impairment Scale, level of injury, and FIM instrument scores after SCI. RESULTS: When examining subjects grouped by severity of injury, changes in ASIA motor index total scores, from system admission to 1-year anniversary, were significantly greater for women than men with either complete ( P =.035) or incomplete ( P =.031) injuries. Functional comparison of men and women, using the FIM motor subscale, revealed that men had higher FIM motor scores at rehabilitation discharge among those with motor-complete injuries, except for those with C1-4 and C6 neurologic levels. Women with motor-incomplete high tetraplegia (C1-4 levels) had higher discharge FIM motor scores than did similarly afflicted men. There were no significant differences in FIM motor scores among men and women with other levels of motor incomplete SCI. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences in SCI were seen in several areas. Women may have more natural neurologic recovery than men; however, for a given level and degree of neurologic injury, men tend to do better functionally than women at time of discharge from rehabilitation. Future prospective study of the effects of estrogen on neurologic recovery and the effects of gender on functional potential are recommended.     

Neurologic recovery of spinal cord injury patients in Italy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate neurologic recovery of spinal cord lesion patients and its relationship to some lesion and patient features. DESIGN: Retrospective review of the charts. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital in Italy. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 284 consecutive, newly injured patients were included with evaluation of lesion to admission time, etiology, lesion level, associated injury, medical complications and surgical intervention, length of stay, and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment grade and motor scores. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ASIA impairment grade and motor scores. RESULTS: Neurologic recovery was present in 27% of the patients. Most patients who improved and reached a functional status (ASIA class D) had an ASIA class C impairment at admission (71/129), versus ASIA class A (2/84) and ASIA class B (5/19). The lesion-to-admission interval was significantly longer in patients who did not improve (73+/-51.2d vs 47.2+/-38.4d, P=.006). CONCLUSIONS: ASIA impairment designations have prognostic value. Recovery from complete lesions was limited. Patients with ASIA class B impairment at admission had a better prognosis than those with ASIA class A. Patients with ASIA class C at admission had the best neurologic improvement. Finally, ASIA class D patients had lower ASIA grade improvement. Neurologic recovery was negatively associated with patients' age and delayed rehabilitation, but not by other lesion features.