胎儿唇腭裂畸形的产前超声诊断

目的 探讨胎儿唇腭裂畸形的产前超声诊断。方法 对20～42周的孕妇进行颜面部扫查采用冠状、横切、矢状切面，重点观察鼻、唇部、牙槽突、腭部。结果 共检出唇腭裂胎儿5例，单纯唇裂3例，唇裂伴腭裂及牙槽突裂2例，漏诊腭裂2例。结论 超声诊断唇裂畸形图像形象直观，完全性腭裂多伴发牙槽突裂，透过牙槽突裂可探测到腭裂。     

二维超声产前诊断胎儿腭裂的声像图特征

目的探讨二维超声产前诊断胎儿腭裂的声像图特征，提高胎儿腭裂的产前检出率。方法采用二维超声对26800例孕14～42周妇女常规进行胎儿口鼻结构的探测，对从中检出的50例唇裂胎儿上颌骨牙槽嵴行横切面、矢状切面，硬腭行经鼻腔软骨部和经口裂的斜冠状切面、矢状切面，经颌下的冠状切面、矢状切面探测。结果本组病例经随访自然分娩及引产出唇腭裂畸形儿共56例，其中22例单纯唇裂和28例唇裂合并腭裂均检出，4例不完全性腭裂检出1例，2例软腭裂均未检出，1例单纯唇裂诊断为合并不完全性腭裂。二维超声产前诊断胎儿腭裂的检出率为88．2％，符合率89．3％，特异性95．5％，敏感性85．3％。结论二维超声显像对胎儿牙槽嵴裂、完全性腭裂的检出率和诊断准确性均较高，对不完全性腭裂和软腭裂难以检出。     

三维超声扩展成像诊断胎儿唇腭裂的价值

目的 探讨应用三维超声扩展成像诊断胎儿唇腭裂的临床应用价值,寻求提高胎儿唇腭裂诊断准确性的有效方法.方法 应用三维扩展成像(3DXI)对唇腭裂胎儿和正常胎儿唇腭部位的三维容积数据进行分析.结果 20例正常胎儿唇部显示率100%,上牙槽突显示率100%,硬腭显示率75%(15/20).28例唇腭裂胎儿包括9例单纯唇裂,18例上唇裂合并硬腭裂和1例唇裂合并软腭裂.3DXI诊断了所有9例单纯唇裂,诊断率100%;诊断了唇裂合并腭裂15例,包括单侧11例,双侧3例和正中裂1例,有3例单侧唇裂合并腭裂仅诊断了唇裂而漏诊了腭裂,诊断率83.3%(15/18).另外1例唇裂合并软腭裂仅诊断了唇裂而漏诊了软腭裂.结论 三维超声扩展成像对胎儿唇裂,尤其是唇裂合并牙槽突及硬腭裂的诊断具有较大的应用价值,对胎儿未合并牙槽突裂的软腭裂及部分硬腭裂做出诊断,仍具有很大的难度.     

胎儿唇裂与唇腭裂诊断中产前超声的应用价值

目的探讨产前超声对胎儿唇裂与唇腭裂诊断的价值。方法采用回顾性方法分析,选取本院自2017年2月至2020年2月收治的60例唇裂与唇腭裂胎儿为研究对象,给予产前超声检查,将其诊断结果与产后或者引产进行对比。结果产后或者引产明确诊断单纯唇裂40例,完全唇裂伴牙槽突裂或者完全腭裂14例,正中唇腭裂3例,单纯腭裂2例,唇腭裂合并其他畸形1例。产前超声检查的检出率为93.33%(56/60),漏诊率6.67%(4/60)。漏诊者分别为单纯唇裂1例,完全唇裂伴牙槽突裂或者完全腭裂2例,唇腭裂合并其他畸形1例。结论产前超声检查用于胎儿唇裂与唇腭裂诊断中,可提高诊断准确率。     

胎儿唇腭裂的超声诊断思路研究

目的:探讨胎儿唇腭裂的超声诊断思路。方法:回顾分析2013年9月-2020年2月在我院进行产前超声检查诊断的胎儿唇腭裂67例,对其超声图像进行总结,结合本组病例研究如何提高胎儿唇腭裂的超声诊断率问题。结果:本组67例胎儿唇腭裂中,单纯唇裂52例;单侧完全唇裂伴牙槽突裂4例;单侧完全唇裂伴完全腭裂2例;双侧完全唇裂伴牙槽突裂2例;双侧完全唇裂伴完全腭裂1例;正中唇裂6例。结论:超声检查胎儿唇腭裂具有较高的正确诊断率,但是,也有不少的病例容易漏诊误诊。欲提高胎儿唇腭裂的超声诊断率,需要做到产前超声检查的规范化、标准化,检查细致、耐心,把握超声检查的时机,适当借助于三维超声检查,注意可疑病例的复查。     

二维超声及三维超声多种成像技术在胎儿唇腭裂畸形诊断中的联合应用

目的研究二维超声及三维超声多种成像技术在胎儿唇腭裂畸形诊断中的图像特征。 方法选取2016年1月至2017年12月在南京医科大学附属苏州医院产科接受中孕期结构畸形筛查发现唇腭部异常的胎儿均行三维超声表面成像、断层成像（TUI）及自由解剖成像（OmniView模式）多种成像技术联合检查,并随访至出生后或引产后。结合产前超声检查图像,研究唇腭裂胎儿颜面部三维超声图像特征。 结果产前超声筛查的19 168例中孕期胎儿中检出唇腭部结构畸形36例（0.19%）。36例唇腭裂胎儿超声征象：单纯唇裂（CL）8例,二维、TUI及OmniView模式均检出胎儿唇裂;三维表面成像漏诊1例唇红裂。二维及三维成像技术均显示胎儿上唇连续性中断,但三维成像显示更直观。唇裂合并上牙槽突裂（CLA）11例,二维超声显示8例,三维表面成像、TUI均诊断9例,漏诊2例,OmniView技术诊断10例,漏诊1例,联合检查诊断10例,漏诊1例。主要超声征像：上唇及上牙槽突连续性中断,二维超声对于牙槽突裂显示较困难,TUI及OmniView可从多角度显示牙槽突裂。唇裂合并腭裂（CLP）17例,二维超声（诊断10例）、三维超声表面成像模式（诊断13例）、TUI（诊断15例）、OmniView模式（诊断16例）均未全部检出;而17例CLP经联合检查全部检出。超声征象为上唇、原发腭及继发腭的连续中断,断层成像及OmniView可从多角度显示原发腭及继发腭,优于二维超声对于原发腭及继发腭的显示。 结论产前二维超声及三维超声能清晰显示胎儿唇裂,但对于腭裂,三维超声多种成像模式图像优于二维超声,产前超声筛查联合三维多成像技术能清晰显示胎儿颜面部异常,减少唇腭裂的漏诊。     

改良Millard氏法修复单侧完全性唇裂

Millard旋转推进法被多数学者认为是整复单侧唇裂一种比较好的方法，但在临床实践中，对于单侧完全性唇裂，特别是伴有牙槽突裂及完全性腭裂的病例，修复后常嫌唇高不足，难以获得令人满意的效果。自1983年以来，我们采用在上唇下部增加了一个小三角瓣的改良Millard氏法，修复单侧完全性唇裂36例，取得了满意的效果，总结如下。1临床资料本组共36例，均为单侧完全性唇裂，年龄6个月～5岁，平均年龄3．2岁，其中伴牙槽突裂及完全性腭裂者27例。术后随访6个月以上，随访28例，效果满意。2手术方法2.1定点设计（图1）。2．1．1在健侧唇红缘上…     

产前超声在评价腭裂骨缺损中的应用

目的 总结不同类型、程度腭裂骨缺损的胎儿产前超声特征.方法 回顾2018年2月至2019年10月在武汉大学人民医院诊断的唇腭裂、单纯腭裂和黏膜下腭裂胎儿上腭的二维和三维图像,对照出生后或引产后结果进行分析.结果 产前超声诊断并随访到47例唇腭裂、3例单纯腭裂和2例黏膜下腭裂.牙槽突裂病例中,均可见牙槽突回声中断,97....     

二维超声检查胎儿上颌骨牙槽突与腭的方法学研究

本研究对二维超声显示胎儿上颌骨牙槽突与腭的探测方法和声像图特征进行了初步探讨，旨在提高超声诊断胎儿腭裂的检出率。     

超声诊断胎儿唇裂的价值

胎儿唇裂是一种常见的先天性唇畸形，可以为单纯性，也可以出现在一些综合征中，还可伴发腭裂，二维超声不仅可以准确检出胎儿唇裂，并能对其进行正确分型，为监床提供了准确可靠的诊断依据。本文回顾总结了8例经产后证实的胎儿唇裂的超声图像表现及诊断体会，报告如下。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.