电视胸腔镜手术对孤立性肺结节的临床应用价值

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜手术在孤立性肺结节的临床应用价值.方法 周围型孤立性肺结节(直径≤3 cm)86例,均经胸腔镜手术局部切除肺结节,术中行快速冰冻病理检查明确诊断,根据病理结果选择手术方式.结果 原发性肺癌58例,经电视胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除,并行纵隔淋巴结清扫;转移癌3例,良性肿瘤25例,经电视胸腔镜或辅助小切口行肺叶楔形切除术;86例均明确诊断,术后早期呼吸功能不全2例,肺不张、肺部感染3例,肺漏气2例,胸腔积液2例,切口感染1例,经处理后均治愈,全组无死亡,无严重手术并发症.结论 电视胸腔镜手术对孤立性肺结节的诊断、治疗有较高的临床价值.     

电视胸腔镜在孤立性肺结节诊断治疗中的价值

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)在不明性质的孤立性肺结节诊断和治疗中的价值.方法 采用VATS对36例不明性质的孤立性肺结节进行结节切除并术中快速冰冻活检,根据病检结果:恶性病变按恶性肿瘤原则进一步手术,良性病变则结束手术.手术方式:以VATS行肺楔形切除或肿物剥出并术中快速病理检查,若回报为恶性病变则在VATS下行肺叶切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫术或辅助小切口下行肺癌根治术.结果 肺楔形切除17例,肺叶切除8例,肺叶切除加淋巴结清扫11例,无手术死亡病例.平均术后住院6.3天.术后病理:肺良性病变23例(包括结核球5例;炎性假瘤8例,错构瘤2例,曲霉球菌3例、结节纤维化2例、硬化性血管瘤2例、肺囊肿1例).肺恶性病变13例(包括肺腺癌6例,鳞癌3例,未分化小细胞癌1例、透明细胞癌1例,肺转移性肿瘤2例).结论 胸腔镜辅助、术中快速冰冻病理指导下的胸腔镜手术在肺不明性质的孤立性结节中的诊断和治疗具有重要价值,可显著提高肺部恶性肿瘤的诊断率,有助于肺癌的早期诊治.     

电视胸腔镜技术在孤立性肺结节诊治中的应用

目的：探讨电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）在孤立性肺部结节（SPN）诊治中的应用价值.方法：72例SPN患者,先在电视胸腔镜下探查、定位结节,然后行结节楔形切除送快速冰冻病理检查,根据病理结果决定是否行肺叶切除加系统淋巴结清扫术,观察获得明确诊断的病例数、手术成功病例数及并发症.结果：72例经术中冰冻切片及术后病理常规检查均得到明确诊断;32例为良性病变,40例为恶性病变;35例行胸腔镜下肺楔形切除,37例行胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫,且手术均获成功,无中转开胸,无术中、术后严重并发症,无围手术期死亡.结论：胸腔镜辅助小切口手术对SPN的诊治安全有效.     

肺部小结节62例胸腔镜手术治疗

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）诊治孤立性肺部小结节的价值。方法 2004年2月～2010年7月,对62例肺孤立性小结节（直径〈3cm）应用电视胸腔镜手术行肺小结节病灶切除,术中快速冷冻切片,对恶性病变按恶性肿瘤手术原则进一步手术,良性病变则结束手术。结果诊断恶性病变38例,其中32例原发性肺癌行胸腔镜辅助小切口肺癌根治术,2例双侧肺癌和4例肺转移癌行胸腔镜病灶切除术;24例术中病理诊断为肺良性病变,仅行病灶切除术。良性病变随访3～12个月,平均7.5个月,无复发。结论电视胸腔镜辅助小切口诊治肺部小结节,创伤小,诊断准确,具有很大优势。     

胸腔镜辅助小切口诊治孤立性肺结节23例

目的: 探讨胸腔镜辅助小切口肺楔形切除术在孤立性肺结节诊治中的价值。方法: 23例孤立性肺结节患者采用胸腔镜辅助4～6cm小切口楔形切除病灶,术中快速病理检查,恶性者扩大切口至10～15cm行肺叶切除及淋巴结清扫术。结果: 术后病理9例诊断为恶性,14例为良性,术后住院5～14天。胸腔引流1.5～4天。全组无手术死亡及严重并发症。结论: 胸腔镜辅以胸壁小切口的肺楔形切除术能达到微创诊治孤立性肺结节的要求,同时降低医疗费用,可弥补单纯胸腔镜手术的一些不足。     

电视胸腔镜手术在肺部孤立性结节诊治中的应用

目的总结利用电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）对孤立性肺结节病人进行诊治的体会。方法对诊断不明的孤立性肺结节样病变20例,肿物部位探寻明确后,行电视胸腔镜肺楔形切除术,术中送冰冻快速病理检查。结果20例病人中16例为肺癌,其中腺癌12例,细支气管肺泡癌1例,鳞癌2例,转移性肿瘤1例;良性病变中包括炎性假瘤2例,结核球1例,炎性肿块1例。13例经VATS单纯肺楔形切除,7例肺癌行辅助小切口肺叶切除加淋巴结清扫。全组病人无围手术期死亡,未出现严重的手术并发症。结论VATS对孤立性肺结节的诊治提供了一个创伤小,对患者生理干扰小,确诊率高,安全可靠,易被患者所接受的新手段。     

电视胸腔镜诊治肺内不明结节108例临床总结

目的探讨电视胸腔镜在肺部不明结节诊断和治疗中的应用价值。方法 2003年9月—2008年10月利用电视胸腔镜治疗肺部结节患者108例,110例次(其中2例为双侧)电视胸腔镜行肺楔形切除或肿物剥除手术(包括小切口辅助39例和中转开胸2例)切除瘤体123个,并术中快速病理检查,若回报为恶性病变则加小切口行肺叶切除纵隔淋巴结清扫术,若报为良性则结束手术。结果肺楔形切除66例70次(其中4例双肺病变行双侧电视胸腔镜),肺叶切除22例,肿物切除20例。本组无手术死亡病例,平均术后住院4.3 d。肺良性病变60例(包括结核球12例,炎性假瘤11例,错构瘤21例,肺囊肿1例,硬化性血管瘤5例,曲霉菌球4例,神经鞘瘤1例,慢性肉芽肿4例,结节病1例);肺恶性病变48例(包括腺癌31例,鳞癌5例,支气管肺泡癌6例,小细胞肺癌1例,肺转移瘤5例)。术前诊断恶性肿瘤71例术中快速病理证实为良性病变27例,术前诊断良性36例术中病理证实为恶性3例。结沦在肺部肿瘤手术中电视胸腔镜结合术中快速病理可起到诊断和治疗一体化的作用,并且具有安全、微创、疼痛轻、恢复快的效果,拥有广阔的应用前景。     

电视胸腔镜在孤立性肺结节诊治中的应用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜（VATS）在孤立性肺结节（SPN）诊治中的价值。方法对46例不明原因SPN患者进行VATS下病灶切除,术中送快速冰冻病理检查,若为良性则结束手术;若为恶性则进一步手术。结果 46例患者诊断为恶性病变29例,其中22例行全胸腔镜肺癌根治术,5例行胸腔镜辅助小切口肺癌根治术,1例转移癌行病灶切除,1例原发性肺癌因肺功能差单纯行楔形切除;17例术中快速病理诊断为良性病变仅行病灶切除。2例行VATS肺叶切除术患者术中因肺动脉分支出血,而改为小切口下完成手术,余手术均顺利。术中冰冻报告与术后病理均符合。结论 VATS应用于SPN诊治,无论其为良性或恶性病变,均可以获得满意的效果,可行性良好,有助于肺癌的早期诊断与治疗。     

孤立性肺结节的诊治

目的探讨孤立性肺结节诊治.方法分析本院收治的孤立性肺结节病例259例,通过完善各种检查,仍诊断不明确、有恶性倾向者(部分病例随访2个月~24个月)行胸腔镜手术,对术前诊断不明确者行术中快速冷冻,根据病理结果和病人情况决定手术方式.结果恶性病变142例,其中134例行全胸腔镜下肺癌根治术,8例因肺功能差行单纯楔形切除;117例术中冰冻结果为良性仅行病灶切除.术中冰冻结果与术后病理均符合.结论孤立性肺结节早期诊断较困难,如没有手术禁忌证,应选择胸腔镜(VATS)下肿物切除+术中快速冰冻,使诊断与治疗同步进行.     

68例孤立性肺结节的临床治疗体会

目的探讨孤立性肺结节的诊断和治疗。方法回顾总结62例孤立性肺结节患者的临床资料,分析手术治疗的效果评价。结果全组术前均行影像学检查和手术治疗,其中肺叶楔性切除22例,单肺叶切除29例,右中、上肺叶切除5例,右中、下叶切除3例,肺支气管袖式切除1例。术后病理诊断肺癌36例,依据国际TNM分期,Ⅱ期以上占31例,随访49例,肺癌随访27例,5年内肿瘤广泛转移死亡8例。结论本组孤立性肺结节恶性病变是全组病变的58%,肺癌术后死亡占随访的不足30%。孤立性肺结节的手术切除、术中活检在早期肺癌的诊断和治疗中有着重要的临床价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.