铅对作业工人甲状腺功能的影响

目的　了解铅对作业工人甲状腺功能的影响。方法　选择暴露于铅作业环境下的人群 ,了解工人作业工龄 ,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其作业环境中铅浓度 ,用原子吸收光谱法测定作业工人血铅 (PbB)浓度 ,用血液锌原卟啉测定仪测定血锌原卟啉 (ZPP)浓度 ,用放射免疫分析法检测血清中促甲状腺素 (TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3)、甲状腺素 (T4 )、游离T3(FT3)、游离T4 (FT4 ) 5项甲状腺功能指标。结果　血铅 >2 .88μmol/L时 ,T3[(1 .54± 0 .39)nmol/L]、FT3[(5 .50± 1 .2 6)pmol/L]含量明显低于血铅 (1 .92～ 2 .88) μmol/L组 [T3(1 .71± 0 .45)nmol/L、FT3(6 .1 2± 1 .64)pmol/L] ,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5)。铅作业工龄长短对甲状腺激素 (TH)含量未见明显影响。结论　高浓度血铅可能抑制了T4 的脱碘 ;铅作业工龄对甲状腺功能未见明显影响     

低剂量电离辐射与放射工作人员甲状腺激素的剂量-反应关系

目的 探究低剂量辐射与甲状腺激素水平的剂量-反应关系,为放射工作人员防护工作重点提供理论依据。方法 采用前瞻性队列研究设计,收集1237名放射工作人员健康体检报告及个人剂量监测数据。以辐射累积有效剂量作为观察指标并按照四分位间距分0～2.586 mSv、2.586～3.757 mSv、3.758～31.272 mSv 3组,低剂量组为参照,比较不同累积辐射剂量组放射工作人员甲状腺激素变化情况。采用广义线性模型和限制性立方样条模型分别估计累积有效剂量与甲状腺激素变化的关联及剂量反应关系。结果 1237名放射工作人员的甲状腺素T4、FT3水平变化在不同剂量组间的差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。调整性别、年龄、工龄、职业、医疗等级和吸烟后,广义线性模型分析显示,2.586～3.757 mSv (β = 3.514, 95%CI: 0.900～6.128)与放射工作人员T4水平变化显著相关,而累积有效剂量与FT3水平变化无关(P > 0.05)。限制性立方样条分析结果显示,累积有效剂量连续变化与T4水平变化呈非线性剂量反应关系(P = 0.023)。结论 长期低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员甲状腺功能造成一定的损伤,辐射累积有效剂量与T4水平变化存在剂量-反应关系。     

Fertility of male workers exposed to cadmium, lead, or manganese.

The effect of exposure to cadmium, lead, or manganese on male reproductive function was examined in 1988-1989 in Belgian blue-collar workers. The workers were exposed to cadmium in two smelters (n = 83; geometric mean urinary cadmium level = 6.94 micrograms/g of creatinine; mean duration of exposure = 24 years), to lead in a battery factory (n = 74; mean blood lead level = 46.3 micrograms/dl; mean duration of exposure = 10.7 years), or to manganese (manganese dioxide) in a dry alkaline battery plant (n = 70; median atmospheric concentration of total manganese dust = 0.71 mg/m3; mean duration of exposure = 6.2 years). Fertility in these workers and in an unexposed population (n = 138) was assessed by examining the birth experiences of their wives through a logistic regression model. The probability of a live birth was not different between the unexposed workers and the cadmium- or manganese-exposed workers before or after the onset of exposure. While the fertility of the lead-exposed workers was somewhat greater than that of the unexposed before the onset of exposure, a significant decrease in fertility was observed during the period of exposure to the metal (odds ratio = 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.43-0.98).     

The effect of lead on thyroid function in children

Exposure to inorganic lead has been associated with impaired uptake of iodine by the thyroid as well as depressed estimated free thyroxine levels in occupationally exposed adults. Consideration of the serious consequences of impaired thyroid function in young children prompted investigation of the effects of lead on thyroid function in children. Blood lead determinations and thyroid function tests were performed on 68 children examined at a hospital outpatient pediatric clinic. Serum thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were within the normal range for all patients. No statistically significant relationship was found between lead levels and T4 or FT4 levels. We conclude that lead is unlikely to have a clinically significant effect on thyroid function in children exposed in inner cities at prevailing levels.     

Interacting effects of selected trace and toxic metals on thyroid function

Interacting effects of blood levels of manganese (Mn), selenium, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury, and serum levels of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) on thyroid function in general US population were evaluated. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2011–2012 were used for this evaluation. The variables used to evaluate thyroid function were as follows: thyroid-stimulating hormone, free and total triiodothyronine (FT3, TT3), free and total thyroxine (FT4, TT4), and thyroglobulin (Tg). Levels of FT4 were positively associated with the levels of copper and negatively associated with the levels of Fe for males only. Elevated levels of Mn and Fe were associated with increased levels of FT3 for both males and females. TT4 had a positive association with the levels of Cu and a negative association with the levels of Fe for both males and females.     

Thyroid functions in paints production workers and the mechanism of oxidative-antioxidants status

Assessment of occupational exposure to paints production chemicals mainly organic solvents in production of thyroid dysfunction and the mechanism of oxidative-antioxidant imbalance. Triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and total antioxidants was measured in 36 workers and 40 controls. T(3) and T(4) were elevated in 18.8% and 44.4% of the workers, respectively. T(3), T(4), MDA and NO levels were significantly higher in workers compared to controls. Total antioxidants was significantly lower in workers than in controls. T(3) and T(4) were significantly correlated with duration of exposure, while, total antioxidants was inversely correlated. In workers, T(3) was significantly correlated with MDA and inversely correlated with total antioxidants levels. MDA and NO were significantly higher in workers with abnormal T( 4) than normal workers. Workers exposed to organic solvents proved to be at risk for hyperthyroidism. Oxidative-antioxidant imbalance was found to have a significant role in development of hyperthyroidism with increasing duration of exposure.     

Relationship of thyroid hormone levels to levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, lead, p,p'- DDE, and other toxicants in Akwesasne Mohawk youth

BACKGROUND: It is well documented that acute exposure to high levels of persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-dichlorophenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), can affect human health including thyroid function. Chronic exposure to multiple toxicants is common but difficult to analyze, and most prior studies have focused on adults or newborns, creating a gap in our understanding of multitoxicant effects among adolescents. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether levels of PCBs, p,p'-DDE, HCB, mirex, lead, and mercury reflecting past chronic exposure are associated with alterations in levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T(3)), total thyroxine (TT(4)), and free thyroxine (FT(4)) among older children and adolescents. METHODS: The sample consists of youth from the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation (n=232) who reside in proximity to several industries that have contaminated the local environment. We used multiple regression analysis to examine the effect of PCB groupings, p,p'-DDE, HCB, lead, and mercury on thyroid hormones after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates and controlling for all other toxicants. RESULTS: Exposure to PCBs affects the thyroid hormone profile in adolescents. The group of persistent PCBs was positively associated with TSH but inversely related to FT(4). Nonpersistent PCBs were significantly and negatively related to FT(4) only. HCB was negatively associated with T(4), and lead was positively associated with T(3). Breast-fed adolescents had higher levels of persistent PCBs and p,p'-DDE but not of nonpersistent PCBs or any other toxicant when compared with non-breast-fed adolescents. Though having lower levels of persistent PCBs and p,p'-DDE, non-breast-fed adolescents exhibited significant relationships between persistent PCBs and TSH and FT(4), but breast-fed adolescents did not. It appears that PCBs from breast milk obscure the relationship between prenatal PCB exposure and thyroid function by adding random variation in PCB levels. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a reduction in thyroid function in adolescents in relation to their current serum levels of PCBs. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that pre-natal exposure to PCBs alters thyroid function in a long-lasting manner but does not exclude the possibility that postnatal exposure is influential also.     

The effect of long-term low-dose lead exposure on thyroid function in adolescents

This study investigated blood lead (Pb-B) levels and Pb-B effects on thyroid functions in long-term low-level-lead-exposed male adolescents who work as auto repairers. Pb-B and ALAD index (logarithm of activated delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase/nonactivated delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase) were measured as indicators of exposure to lead. Thyroid function tests including free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyrotrophin (TSH) were conducted and thyroid ultrasounds were performed in 42 lead-exposed adolescents and 55 healthy control subjects. Mean Pb-B levels and ALAD index were found significantly higher in the study group than in the normal control group (7.3+/-2.92 microg/dl vs. 2.08+/-1.24 microg/dl, P < 0.001 and 0.44+/-0.26 vs. 0.29+/-0.23, P < 0.05, respectively). FT4 levels were found significantly lower in the study group (1.02+/-0.18 mI/mL and 1.12+/-0.14 mIU/mL, P < 0.05). No subject in the control group had an abnormal FT4 level, but FT4 levels were found under normal limits in 11 subjects (26%) in the study group. FT3 and TSH levels in the study and control groups did not differ (P > 0.05). Thyroid volumes in the study and control groups did not exhibit any significant differences (P > 0.05). Pb-B was found to be negatively correlated to FT4 levels (r = -0.20, P = 0.044). This study revealed that long-term low-level lead exposure may lead to reduced FT4 level without significant changes in TSH and T3 levels in adolescents even at low Pb-B levels.     

No adverse effects of lead on renal function in lead-exposed workers

A cross-sectional study was performed on 165 male lead-exposed workers to clarify the quantitative relationships between less severe exposure to lead and its effects on renal function in 1985. Mean and range of blood lead concentration (Pb-B) were 36.5 micrograms/dl and 6-73 micrograms/dl, respectively. Duration of lead exposure was 0.1 to 26.3 years. No lead-related changes were detected in serum creatinine concentration, beta-2 microglobulin in urine, creatinine clearance, beta-2 microglobulin clearance, and uric acid clearance. Twenty of the 165 workers had been exposed to lead for more than 10 years with mean duration of 21.0 years. Average concentrations of Pb-B in each individual during 1972 to 1984 were 26.1-66.6 micrograms/dl. Renal function indices of these 20 workers were not different from those of remaining lead-exposed workers whose lead exposure duration were 10 years or less. These results suggest that long-term less severe exposure to lead up to 70 micrograms/dl of Pb-B may not cause adverse effects on renal glomerular function and proximal tubular function.     

甘肃省人群高氯酸盐暴露水平及对甲状腺功能影响分析

  目的  对甘肃省人群高氯酸盐暴露水平进行评估并探讨其与甲状腺功能的关系,为该地区高氯酸盐污染防控提供依据。  方法  采用现况研究设计,选取兰州市城关区和定西市陇西县的随机两个社区中参与义诊的居民作为研究对象,采用问卷调查、体格检查和生化检查收集研究对象的基本资料及相关信息。应用多因素线性回归分析模型和限制性立方样条分析高氯酸盐暴露水平与甲状腺功能的关联及剂量-反应关系。  结果  本研究共纳入研究对象100名,包括男性48名和女性52名。尿高氯酸盐浓度的中位数(四分位间距)为23.90(13.30~43.54)μg/g Cr。多因素线性回归分析发现,调整混杂因素后,高氯酸盐暴露水平与血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(total triiodothyronine, TT3)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine, FT3)和游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine, FT4)水平呈正相关趋势(均有P < 0.05)。限制性立方样条分析发现高氯酸盐暴露水平与血清TT3和FT4水平呈非线性剂量-反应关系(均有P < 0.05)。  结论  甘肃省地区人群的高氯酸盐暴露水平较高。高氯酸盐暴露水平与血清TT3、FT4水平有相关关联。     

Lead absorption and renal dysfunction in a South African battery factory

OBJECTIVES: To test the association between inorganic lead (Pb) exposure, blood pressure, and renal function in South African battery factory workers, with both conventional and newer measures of renal function and integrity. METHODS: Renal function measures included serum creatinine, urea, and urate (n = 382). Urinary markers (n = 199) included urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), retinol binding protein, intestinal alkaline phosphatase, tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, epidermal growth factor, and microalbuminuria. RESULTS: Mean current blood Pb was 53.5 micrograms/dl (range 23 to 110), median zinc protoporphyrin 10.9 micrograms/g haemoglobin (range 1.9 to 104), and mean exposure duration 11.6 years (range 0.5 to 44.5). Mean historical blood Pb, available on 246 workers, was 57.3 micrograms/dl (range 14 to 96.3). After adjustment for age, weight and height, positive exposure response relations were found between current blood Pb, historical blood Pb, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), and serum creatinine and urate. Blood pressure was not associated with Pb exposure. Among the urinary markers, only NAG showed a positive association with current and historical blood Pb. CONCLUSION: An exposure-response relation between Pb and renal dysfunction across the range from < 40 to > 70 micrograms/dl blood Pb was found in this workforce, with conventional measures of short and long term Pb exposure and of renal function. This could not be explained by an effect on blood pressure, which was not associated with Pb exposure. The findings probably reflect a higher cumulative renal burden of Pb absorption in this workforce in comparison with those in recent negative studies. The results also confirm the need for strategies to reduce Pb exposure among industrial workers in South Africa.

 

     

High urinary bisphenol A concentrations in workers and possible laboratory abnormalities

Objectives Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in epoxy resins in China. There are few reports on the adverse health effects of occupational exposure to BPA. This study examined associations between urinary BPA concentrations in workers and laboratory parameters for health status. Methods Spot urine checks at the end shift on Friday were used for cross-sectional analysis of BPA concentrations, and blood or urinary markers of liver function, glucose homeostasis, thyroid function and cardiovascular diseases were measured. The 28 participants were workers in two semiautomatic epoxy resin factories. Results The average urinary BPA concentration was 55.73±5.48 ng/ml (geometric mean ± geometric SD) (range 5.56-1934.85 ng/ml). After adjusting for urine creatinine (Cr), it was 31.96±4.42 μg/g Cr (geometric mean ± geometric SD) (range 4.61-1253.69 μg/g Cr). BPA feeding operators showed the highest concentrations, over 10 times those of the crushing and packing and office workers. Higher BPA concentrations were associated with clinically abnormal concentrations of FT3, FT4, TT3, TT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and γ-glutamyl transferase. Workers with higher BPA concentrations showed higher FT3 concentrations (linear trend: p<0.001). Bivariate correlation tests for laboratory analytes within normal limits showed FT3 to be positively associated with logged BPA concentrations, r=0.57, p=0.002. FT4 was positively associated with lactate dehydrogenase, r=0.45, p=0.020, and insulin was positively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone with r=0.57, p=0.009. Conclusions Higher occupational BPA exposure, reflected in urinary concentrations of BPA, may be associated with thyroid hormone disruption.     

Cumulative concentrations of blood lead and postural stability.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association in a group of battery manufacturing workers between computerised postural sway parameters and present concentrations of blood lead (PPb), index of cumulative blood lead years (CBI), and cumulative blood lead at different years of exposure (CPbYs). METHODS: Postural stability was investigated with a computerised postural sway measurement system in 60 workers exposed to lead with exposure duration of 84 (range 3-366) months and in 60 control subjects. An index of CBIs in 55 workers (previous blood lead results of five workers were not available) and CPbYs were computed for each worker by calculating the area under the curve of concentrations of blood lead against time. RESULTS: The mean (SD) PPb was 36.0 (11.7) (range 6.4 to 64.5) micrograms/dl for the exposed workers and 6.3 (2.4) (range 3.1-10.9) micrograms/dl for the 14 randomly selected control subjects. Significant differences between groups for the postural sway parameters obtained when the eyes were closed were found for length of sway path (L); mean velocity of the centre of pressure along its path (Vel); area included within the path of the centre of pressure (Ao); 95% confidence elliptical area (Ae). The Romberg ratio (the relation between eyes closed and open) for the Vel, L, Ao, and Ae of the exposed group were also significantly different from those of the controls. The postural sway parameters (eyes closed) were not significantly correlated with PPb or CBI. However, the cumulative blood lead for the past two years before the postural sway assessment, CPbY2, was significantly correlated with all the postural sway parameters. CONCLUSION: The study showed that workers exposed to lead had significantly poorer postural stability than a control group. Lead may affect certain parts of the somatosensory system resulting in postural instability when the visual input is cut off. The CPbY2 was significantly positively correlated with most of the postural sway parameters. Effects of lead on postural stability may be related to recent increases in blood lead concentration among the exposed workers rather than to cumulative body burden.     

慢性铅接触者胸腺输出近期功能的研究

目的分析铅接触者外周血T细胞受体删除DNA环(TRECs)的含量,了解其初始T细胞含量和胸腺近期输出功能,从而研究其免疫功能的情况。方法采用实时定量PCR方法检测10例铅接触者外周血TRECs含量,与11例非铅接触者进行比较;采用双变量相关分析法和偏相关分析法分析铅接触组TRECs水平与年龄、工龄、血铅、尿铅、血锌原卟啉(ZPP)和尿δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸(δ-ALA)浓度的关系。结果10例铅接触者TRECs水平[(2.44±1.87)/1000]明显低于非铅接触者[(5.60±3.96) /1000];TRECs水平与尿δ-ALA浓度呈负相关,有统计学意义(r=-0.754,P<0.05),但控制血铅或尿铅因素后,TRECs水平与尿δ-ALA浓度则无相关性(P>0.05)。结论铅对胸腺输出功能可能造成一定程度的损伤,且TRECs与血铅和尿铅存在相关性,提示低水平的铅接触早已损伤人体的免疫功能。     

Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and levels of thyroid hormones in children.

As part of an epidemiologic study on exposure to a toxic waste incineration plant we investigated whether blood concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead, and cadmium, as well as concentration of mercury in 24-hr urine samples were associated with thyroid hormone status. As an indication of status, we determined levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT(4)), and free triiodothyronine (FT(3)) in children living in households where [less than/equal to] 10 cigarettes were smoked per day. Eight PCB congeners (PCBs 101, 118, 138, 153, 170, 180, 183, and 187) were measured in whole blood samples. Of these, seven congeners (PCB 101 was not detected in any sample) and the sum of all PCB congeners were analyzed as predictors for thyroid hormone status in separate linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. In addition, the possible effects of cadmium, lead, and mercury on levels of thyroid hormones were examined. Blood concentrations and information on questionnaire data were available for 320 children 7-10 years of age. We found a statistically significant positive association between the mono-ortho congener PCB 118 and TSH as well as statistically significant negative relationships of PCBs 138, 153, 180, 183, and 187 to FT(3). There was no association for the PCB congeners and FT(4). Blood cadmium concentration was associated with increasing TSH and diminishing FT(4). Blood lead and urine concentration of mercury were of no importance to thyroid hormone levels. The results stress the need for future studies on the possible influences of PCB and cadmium exposure on thyroid hormones, particularly in children. These studies should also take neurologic development into account.     

Male endocrine functions in workers with moderate exposure to lead.

Evidence for the effect of occupational exposure to lead on the male endocrine system is conflicting. This study evaluated the primary (testicular) and secondary (hypothalamo pituitary testicular) effects of exposure to lead in 122 current lead workers and 49 non-exposed workers. The mean current blood lead concentration was 35.2 (range 9.6-77.4) micrograms/dl in the exposed workers, and 8.3 (range 2.6-14.8) micrograms/dl in the non-exposed workers. Concentrations of plasma luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were both significantly higher in the exposed workers, but testosterone (T) was not significantly different between the two groups. In older exposed workers, however (greater than or equal to 40 years), plasma T concentrations were significantly lower, but LH and FSH concentrations were not significantly different. Compared with non-exposed workers, those exposed for less than 10 years had significantly raised LH and FSH and normal T concentrations whereas those exposed for 10 or more years had significantly lower T, and normal LH and FSH concentrations. The concentrations of LH and FSH showed a moderate increase in relation to blood lead concentrations in the range of 10 micrograms/dl to 40 micrograms/dl and thereafter reached a plateau or declined. No apparent trend for plasma T concentrations occurred. No significant difference in prolactin (PRL) concentration was noted. It is concluded that moderate exposure to lead was associated in dose related fashion with small but measurable changes in male endocrine functions that reflected both primary and secondary effects of lead on the testes and the hypothalamo pituitary testicular axis.     

Male endocrine functions in workers with moderate exposure to lead

Evidence for the effect of occupational exposure to lead on the male endocrine system is conflicting. This study evaluated the primary (testicular) and secondary (hypothalamo pituitary testicular) effects of exposure to lead in 122 current lead workers and 49 non-exposed workers. The mean current blood lead concentration was 35.2 (range 9.6-77.4) micrograms/dl in the exposed workers, and 8.3 (range 2.6-14.8) micrograms/dl in the non-exposed workers. Concentrations of plasma luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were both significantly higher in the exposed workers, but testosterone (T) was not significantly different between the two groups. In older exposed workers, however (greater than or equal to 40 years), plasma T concentrations were significantly lower, but LH and FSH concentrations were not significantly different. Compared with non-exposed workers, those exposed for less than 10 years had significantly raised LH and FSH and normal T concentrations whereas those exposed for 10 or more years had significantly lower T, and normal LH and FSH concentrations. The concentrations of LH and FSH showed a moderate increase in relation to blood lead concentrations in the range of 10 micrograms/dl to 40 micrograms/dl and thereafter reached a plateau or declined. No apparent trend for plasma T concentrations occurred. No significant difference in prolactin (PRL) concentration was noted. It is concluded that moderate exposure to lead was associated in dose related fashion with small but measurable changes in male endocrine functions that reflected both primary and secondary effects of lead on the testes and the hypothalamo pituitary testicular axis.     

Semen quality of men employed at a lead smelter.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of recent and long term occupational lead exposure on indicators of male reproductive health. METHODS: In a cross sectional study of male employees of a lead smelter (n = 2469), blood samples were obtained from 152 workers including 119 who also provided semen samples. Semen analysis and serum concentrations of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinising hormone were used as indicators of reproductive health. Semen and hormone variables were examined in relation to measures of current and long term body lead burden estimated from current blood lead concentrations and historical blood lead monitoring data. RESULTS: For current blood lead concentration groups of < 15, 15-24, 25-39, > 40 micrograms/dl, the geometric mean sperm concentrations were, respectively, 79.1, 56.5, 62.7, and 44.4 million cells/ml and geometric mean total sperm counts were 186, 153, 137, and 89 million cells (P for trend 0.04). Compared with workers with blood lead concentrations less than 15 micrograms/dl, workers with current blood lead concentrations of 40 micrograms/dl or more had an increased risk of below normal sperm concentration (odds ratio (OR) 8.2, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2-57.9) and total sperm count (OR 2.6, 95% CI 0.4-15.7), based on World Health Organisation standards. Independent of current lead exposure, sperm concentration, total sperm count, and total motile sperm count were inversely related to measures of long term lead exposure. No association was found between lead exposure and measures of sperm motility, sperm morphology, or serum concentrations of reproductive hormones. CONCLUSIONS: Blood lead concentrations below the currently accepted worker protection criteria seem to adversely affect spermatogenesis.     

老年人甲状腺功能与代谢综合征相关性临床分析

目的 探讨老年人甲状腺功能与代谢综合征的相关性.方法 代谢综合征患者60例,健康对照组患者60例.两组患者检测TT3(血清总T3)、TT4(血清总甲状腺素T4)、FT3(血清游离T3)、FT4(血清游离甲状腺素)、rT3(血清反T3)和TSH(促甲状腺激素)等甲状腺功能性指标,并进行对比分析.结果 代谢综合征组患者TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、rT3、TSH异常率明显高于健康对照组,数据经统计学比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 老年人代谢综合征与甲状腺功能具有密切相关性,患有代谢综合征的老年患者多发生甲状腺功能异常情况,可作为临床诊断以及老年心脑血管预防的一种重要指标.     

Effects of lead on immune parameters in occupationally exposed workers

BACKGROUND: To assess the immune competence of workers occupationally exposed to lead, several subsets of peripheral lymphocytes, i.e., T, TCD4(+), TCD8(+), B, NK cells, serum immunoglobulin and complement protein concentrations, chemotaxis, and intracellular killing activity of neutrophils of 25 male storage battery workers have been analyzed and compared to 25 healthy males with no history of lead exposure. RESULTS: The results of this study which indicated that industrial exposure to lead resulting in group mean blood lead concentrations of 75 +/- 18 microg/dl are associated with a significant depression of: T helper lymphocytes, Ig G, Ig M and C3, C4 complement levels, chemotaxis, and random migration of neutrophils. No correlation was found between the duration of exposure and the altered immune parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The immune system can be a target for lead toxicity and elimination of lead hazard in working places is necessary.