ST段抬高性心肌梗死PCI前后心电图ST段变化对心肌梗死面积的预测价值

目的评价ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）前后ST段变化对心肌梗死范围的预测价值。方法将220例STEMI患者分为A组（PCI前ST段自然回落到基线）和B组（PCI前ST段未回落到基线）,B组又分为3个亚组（B1组：PCI后60min内ST段回落到基线;B2组：PCI后60～120min内ST段回落到基线;B3组：PCI后120min内ST段未回落到基线）。患者均于起病12h内行PCI治疗,分别检测各组发病后24h内心肌酶（TNT）峰值;PCI前、PCI后120min内行12导联心电图检查。结果A组TNT峰值显著低于B组（P〈0．01）;PCI后ST段抬高的持续时间愈长,TNT峰值愈大（P〈0．01）。结论在STEMI中,PCI前ST段的自然回落及PCI后ST段持续抬高是心肌梗死面积大小的预测因素,并且ST段持续抬高的预测价值不受冠脉开通的影响。     

脑利钠肽对急诊冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死左室结构和功能的评估价值

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗前后的脑利钠肽(BNP)水平变化及其与左室功能,心室重构的关系,探讨BNP在急诊PCI治疗AMI患者预后评估中的作用.方法:入选2008-06-2009-02,发病后12 h内接受急诊PCI治疗的ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者120例,入院即时及出院时采用酶联免疫法测定患者血浆BNP水平,出院前行超声心动图检测左室射血分数,并根据PCI治疗后7 d的BNP水平将患者分为3组:A组<100 ng/L,B组为100～400 ng/L,C组>400 ng/L.所有患者术后6个月进行超声心动图检查,根据左室射血分数、左室舒张末期容积、左室收缩末期容积变化评估左室功能及心室重构.结果:BNP水平与AMI病变范围呈正相关,与左室射血分数呈负相关;PCI治疗后不同心肌梗死部位BNP水平较治疗前均明显下降;3组患者PCI治疗后6个月的超声心动图比较,患者左室射血分数、左室舒张末期容积、左室收缩末期容积B组、C组与A组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组与B组比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:血浆BNP水平可反映AMI的严重程度;BNP增加的程度与梗死的范围呈正相关;AMI患者急诊PCI后BNP水平有显著下降趋势;BNP水平可能可以作为患者左室功能及心室重构的预测因子.     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前后脑利钠肽水平的变化及其意义

目的 研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗前后血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)水平变化及其与心功能、心室重构的关系.方法 入选2005年9月至2008年3月,发病后12 h内接受急诊PCI治疗的ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者102例,直接PCI前及直接PCI后第7天采用酶联免疫法测定患者血浆BNP水平,并按治疗后第7天血浆BNP水平将患者分为3组:A组低于100 pg/ml,B组100～400 pg/ml,C组高于400 pg/ml,PCI治疗后6个月对患者进行超声心动图检查.结果 PCI治疗后BNP水平较治疗前明显下降;3组患者PCI治疗后6个月的超声心动图比较,患者左室射血分数、左室舒张末期容积、左室收缩末期容积C组与A、B组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 AMI患者直接PCI后BNP水平有显著下降趋势,且BNP水平可能可以作为患者心功能及心室重构的预测因子.     

1，6-二磷酸果糖对非ST段抬高急性心肌梗死病人血浆BNP的影响

目的观察1，6-二磷酸果糖（FDP）对非ST段抬高急性心肌梗死病人（NSTEMI）血浆脑利钠肽的影响。方法对55例2002年6月～2004年8月收住我院非ST段抬高急性心肌梗死病人．随机分为A组（28例）B组（27例），A组在常规治疗基础上加用FDP 10g静滴每日1次，B组采用常规治疗，疗程10天，所有病人均未行PCI，另设28例健康人为对照组。结果非ST段抬高心肌梗死病人血浆BNP水平较对照组明显升高（P〈0．01），A、B两组治疗后，BNP浓度较治疗前有明显下降（P〈0．01），但A组较B组下降更明显，并差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论FDP与常规治疗合用，能进一步降低急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死病人血浆BNP水平。     

急性心肌梗死再灌注后心电图ST段抬高的意义

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者接受经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）治疗心电图ST段持续高与临床预后的关系。方法：AMI患者共30例,比较PTCA前及术后1h12导联心电图抬高ST的总和,按ST段下降幅度分为两组,A组：AT段下降≥50％,B组：ST段下降＜50％。行小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图检查并随访复查超声心动图。结果：AMI发病早期基础状态和负荷状态及发病后第1、2、3个月左室射血分数（LVEF）A组均明显大于B组。多巴酚丁胺负荷状态下主动脉峰值血流加速度、每搏输出量及每搏指数A组明显大于B组。基于状态和负荷状态下总室壁运动积分指数（GWMSI）和梗死区室壁运动积分指数（IWMSI）A组均明显小于B组,AMI发病后1、2、3个月GWMSI A组均明显小于B组。发病第1、2个月IWMSI两组间差异无统计学意义。发病第3个月IWMSI A组明显小于B组。AMI直接PTCA后心电图ST段持续抬高的患者左室收缩功能及收缩储备功能以及梗死区室壁运动的恢复明显低于ST段迅速下降者。     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗对脑利钠肽及心室重构的影响

目的：探讨急性 ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）对脑利钠肽（BNP）水平及心室重构的影响。方法：151例诊断为 STEMI的患者根据其治疗方式分为3组：A组（52例,行急诊 PCI治疗）,B组（49例,择期行PCI治疗）,C组（50例,予以标准药物治疗）。比较各组患者治疗前后 BNP水平及左心室重构情况。结果：三组患者治疗前BNP水平比较无统计学差异（F＝0.01,P＞0.05）,治疗后各组 BNP水平均显著下降,其中 A组下降较B组、C组显著[（242.7±101.3）ng/L比（466.2±113.5）ng/L比（601.4±126.7）ng/L],差异有显著性（P均＜0.01）。各组治疗前左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左心室收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室短轴缩短率（LVFS）比较差异均无显著性（P＞0.05）;治疗后,三组心室上述指标均显著升高（P＜0.05）,其中 A、B组LVFS升高均较C组更明显[（28.9±7.6）％比（27.5±7.3）％比（22.6±6.9）％],而 A 组 LVEF 较 B 组、C 组升高[（57.9±6.2）％比（53.1±6.5）％比（50.9±5.7）％],差异有显著性（P均＜0.01）。结论：经皮冠脉介入治疗急性 ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者能有效改善心室重构,同时降低脑利钠肽水平,且急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗比择期介入治疗疗效更明显。     

强化他汀类药物对伴有应激性高血糖的急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗预后的影响

目的观察强化他汀类药物治疗对伴有应激性高血糖的急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后30d内预后的影响。方法52例患者在常规抗血小板治疗的基础上,随机接受常规剂量阿托伐他汀治疗（A组：n=25）或强化阿托伐他汀（B组：n=27）治疗,对比分析两组的心肌标志物、超声心动及术后不良心脏事件的发生情况。结果B组心力衰竭发生率低于A组（P〈0．05）;术后1周B组左室射血分数高于A组（P〈0．05）。结论强化他汀治疗组能够改善伴有应激性高血糖的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后1周内左室射血分数及30d内心衰发生率。     

B型钠尿肽对心肌梗死患者心功能评估的研究

目的观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血B型钠尿肽（BNP）水平的变化特点,探讨BNP对评估AMI患者心力衰竭及心肌缺血严重程度的临床意义。方法入选住院AMI患者93例及正常对照组50例进行BNP的床旁快速检测,并行超声心动图测定左心室射血分数（LVEF）和左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）,按照心肌梗死Killip心功能分级分为Ⅰ—Ⅳ级,按照梗死部位分为广泛前壁AMI组、前壁和／或前间壁AMI组、下壁和／或后壁AMI组,根据ST段有无抬高分为ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）和非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（NSTEMI）,计算各组内的BNP值并进行统计学分析。结果随着AMI患者Killip心功能分级的递增,BNP水平不断增高（除KillipⅠ级与对照组BNP浓度比较P〉0．05,其余各组之间BNP差异有统计学意义P〈0．05）,LVEF随着Killip分级递增而减少,与BNP呈中度负相关（r=-0．79,P〈0．05）而LVEDd逐渐增大与BNP呈高度正相关（r=0．96,P〈0．05）。广泛前壁AMI组BNP浓度〉前壁和／或前间壁AMI组〉下壁和／或后壁AMI组。STEMI组和非NSTEMI组BNP水平差异无统计学意义。结论床旁快速测定BNP浓度可作为判定AMI患者心功能状况及心肌缺血严重程度的重要生化指标之一。     

溶栓后早期转运PCI与保守治疗/补救转运PCI治疗STEMI患者的比较

目的：本研究回顾分析比较急性心肌梗塞（AMI）患者在基层医院行溶栓治疗后,早期转运到上级医院行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）和继续在当地予保守治疗然后作转运PCI的优劣。方法：315例AMI患者在发病12h内,于基层医院接受溶栓治疗,其后183例直接转诊行PCI（A组）,132例在当地继续保守治疗,67例因再次出现心肌缺血症状行补救性转运PCI（B组）。比较两组1年内全因死亡、再梗死、难治性心肌缺血发生率及30d内严重出血和脑卒中发生率,以及治疗前后左室射血分数（LVEF）改变情况。结果：与B组比较,A组1年内全因死亡率（6.8%比1.6%）、再梗死发生率（17.4%比3.3%）、难治性心肌缺血发生率（22.7%比4.4%）均明显降低（P均〈0.05）,而LVEF改善情况A组明显优于B组[（58.7±12.4）%比（47.6±11.9）%,P〈0.05]。结论：溶栓后的ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者应尽早转运到上级医院接受PCI治疗,以取得更好疗效。     

急性心肌梗死再灌注后心电图ST段回落不良的临床意义及远期预后影响

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)再灌注后心电图ST段回落不良的临床意义及其对远期预后的影响.方法:156例AMI患者分别计算PCI术前及术后2 hST段抬高相关导联的总和(ΣSTE),以后者ST段总和(ΣSTE)与前者相比,下降≥50％为ST段迅速回落(ST段迅速回落组)(n=124),下降＜50％者为ST段回落不良(ST段回落不良组)(n=32).同时观察患者术前、术后7d脑钠肽的变化,以及1年后心室重构的发生率.结果:ST段回落不良组患者脑钠肽明显增高且呈正相关,1年后心室重构的发生率明显增高.结论:AMI再灌注后心电图ST段回落不良患者血浆BNP明显增高,与心室重构密切相关,是AMI后心力衰竭发生的重要因素.     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

Use of fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in the therapy of massive digoxin poisoning

A case of massive digoxin ingestion with multiple arrhythmias, consisting of high grade A-V block and ventricular ectopy not responsive to lidocaine, is described. The arrhythmias ceased following administration of digoxin-specific Fab fragments. The patient improved and was transferred to the psychiatric unit.     

Comparison of intravenous and oral routes of theophylline loading in acute asthma

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 19 patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were given a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV (n = 10) or oral route (n = 9) of administration following treatment with epinephrine. Plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured prior to giving the loading dose, and one, two, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing spirometric measurements prior to giving the loading dose, and one, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Side effects also were recorded. In the IV group, the mean peak plasma theophylline concentration was 15.1 micrograms/mL one hour after loading, and in the oral group the mean peak serum theophylline concentration was 14.2 micrograms/mL three hours after loading. There was no correlation between theophylline concentrations and normalized change in spirometric values. There was no significant difference in spirometric values between the IV and oral groups. Nausea was slightly more common in the IV group. We conclude that there is no therapeutic advantage to giving a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV route rather than orally in patients with mild-to-moderate exacerbation of asthma initially treated with epinephrine.     

Application of Granular Biocomposites Based on Homogenised Peat for Absorption of Oil Products

Among the various methods for collecting oil spills and oil products, including from the water surface, one of the most effective is the use of sorbents. In this work, three-component bio-based composite granular adsorbents were produced and studied for oil products’ pollution collection. A bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber from used tyres, and part fly ash as cenospheres were used for absorbent production. The structure, surface morphology, porosity, mechanical properties, and sorption kinetics of the obtained samples were studied. Composite hydrophobicity and sorption capacity to oil products, such as diesel fuel (DF) and motor oil (MO), were determined. The obtained pellets are characterised by a sufficiently pronounced ability to absorb oil products such as DF. As the amount of CR in the granules increases, the diesel absorption capacity increases significantly. The case of 30-70-0 is almost three times higher than the granules from homogenised peat. The increase in q is due to two factors: the pronounced surface hydrophobicity of the samples (Θ = 152°) and a heterogeneous porous granule structure. The presence of the cenosphere in the biocomposite reduces its surface hydrophobicity while increasing the diesel absorption capacity. Relatively rapid realisation of the maximum saturation by the MO was noted. In common, the designed absorbent shows up to 0.7 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for MO and up to 1.55 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for diesel. A possible mechanism of DF absorption and the limiting stages of the process approximated for different kinetic models are discussed. The Weber–Morris diffusion model is used to primarily distinguish the limiting effect of the external and internal diffusion of the adsorbate on the absorption process.     

Role of microRNA in regulation of myeloma-related angiogenesis and survival

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease caused by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that result in monoclonal gammopathy and severe end organ damage. Despite the uniform clinical signs, the disease is very diverse in terms of the nature and sequence of the underlying molecular events. Multiple cellular processes are involved in helping the malignant cells to remain viable and maintain proliferative properties in the hypoxic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Specifically, the process of angiogenesis, triggered by the interactions between the malignant MM cells and the stroma cells around them, was found to be critical for MM progression. In this review we highlight the current understanding about the epigenetic regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells and its dependency on angiogenesis in the bone marrow that is carried out by different microRNAs.     

RNA-Seq在老年神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病是老年人最常见的两种神经退行性疾病,但其发病机制及治疗是研究的热点。随着高通量测序技术的进步及成本的下降,RNA-Seq也成为神经退行性疾病机制研究及生物标志物发现的有力手段。RNA-Seq相对于microarray具有高灵敏度、高准确性、高重复性以及噪声低等优势,在阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病研究中有较为广泛的应用,包括检测差异表达基因,可变剪接、新长链非编码RNA预测分析和miRNAs调控等,但是容易受病理复杂性及样本等因素影响。目前阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病转录组研究相比于癌症等还不够深入,在临床诊断及治疗应用还面临较大挑战。但是随着新技术及新方法的发展,RNA-Seq将进一步推动神经退行性相关疾病的研究和临床转化。     

安徽巢湖市丝虫病控制、消除历程和监测报告

【摘要】 目的  回顾并总结巢湖市丝虫病的流行、控制,以及消除丝虫病的历程。 方法  统计分析1970~1989年在该市采取以消灭传染源、切断传播途径为主的防治策略,以及展开大规模防治的各个阶段。 结果  1989年,采用分层整群抽样调查方法调查,微丝蚴率下降至0.032%,以行政村为单位,微丝蚴率已控制在1.0%以下,达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准;1991年,经省级调查考核,认定全市已达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准。1996年,省级审评确认已达到卫生部颁布的消灭丝虫病标准。经过10年的监测和跟踪治疗,到2005年,全市丝虫病病原学监测未查见微丝蚴阳性者,解剖镜检人房内淡色库蚊1 348只,蚊体内均未查见人体幼丝虫。 结论  巢湖市达到了消除丝虫病的标准。     

Advanced Evaluation of the Freeze–Thaw Damage of Concrete Based on the Fracture Tests

This paper presents the results of an experimental program aimed at the assessment of the freeze–thaw (F–T) resistance of concrete based on the evaluation of fracture tests accompanied by acoustic emission measurements. Two concretes of similar mechanical characteristics were manufactured for the experiment. The main difference between the C1 and C2 concrete was in the total number of air voids and in the A300 parameter, where both parameters were higher for C1 by about 35% and 52%, respectively. The evaluation of the fracture characteristics was performed on the basis of experimentally recorded load–deflection and load–crack mouth opening displacement diagrams using two different approaches: linear fracture mechanics completed with the effective crack model and the double-K model. The results show that both approaches gave similar results, especially if the nonlinear behavior before the peak load was considered. According to the results, it can be stated that continuous AE measurement is beneficial for the assessment of the extent of concrete deterioration, and it suitably supplements the fracture test evaluation. A comparison of the results of fracture tests with the resonance method and splitting tensile strength test shows that all testing methods led to the same conclusion, i.e., the C1 concrete was more F–T-resistant than C2. However, the fracture test evaluation provided more detailed information about the internal structure deterioration due to the F–T exposure.