共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Rebecca Viner Scott B. Patten Sandra Berzins Andrew G.M. Bulloch Kirsten M. Fiest 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
To estimate the prevalence, incidence and determinants of suicidal ideation in the multiple sclerosis (MS) population.Methods
A sample of 188 subjects were randomly selected from a community-based MS clinic registry and participated in as many as 13 interviews over 6 months. Thoughts of “being better off dead” or of “harming oneself” were assessed using item 9 on the Patient Health Questionnaire, Brief (PHQ-9).Results
At baseline, the 2-week period prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.3%. Over the course of 6 months, 22.1% of respondents reported having such thoughts at least once. Survival analysis incorporating baseline PHQ-8 scores as a covariate confirmed that being age 65 and over (HR = 4.3, 95% CI 1.7–11.3) and having lower quartile self-efficacy ratings (HR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.5–8.2) predicted suicidal ideation. Lower levels of task-oriented coping (treated as a continuous variable) also predicted suicidal ideation after adjustment for depressive symptoms (p = 0.015), as did self-reported bladder or bowel symptoms (HR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.0) and difficulties with speaking and swallowing (HR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.3–6.8). Associations with MS symptoms were not confounded by depressive symptoms.Conclusion
This study identified several potentially modifiable factors that may be useful for preventing suicide in people with MS. 相似文献2.
Jenny van Son Ivan Nyklíček Victor J. Pop Marion C. Blonk Ronald J. Erdtsieck François Pouwer 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
The DiaMind trial showed beneficial immediate effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on emotional distress, but not on diabetes distress and HbA1c. The aim of the present report was to examine if the effects would be sustained after six month follow-up.Methods
In the DiaMind trial, 139 outpatients with diabetes (type-I or type-II) and a lowered level of emotional well-being were randomized into MBCT (n = 70) or a waiting list with treatment as usual (TAU: n = 69). Primary outcomes were perceived stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and diabetes distress. Secondary outcomes were, among others, health status, and glycemic control (HbA1c).Results
Compared to TAU, MBCT showed sustained reductions at follow-up in perceived stress (p < .001, d = .76), anxiety (p < .001, assessed by HADS d = .83; assessed by POMS d = .92), and HADS depressive symptoms (p = .004, d = .51), but not POMS depressive symptoms when using Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p = .016, d = .48). No significant between-group effect was found on diabetes distress and HbA1c.Conclusion
This study showed sustained benefits of MBCT six months after the intervention on emotional distress in people with diabetes and a lowered level of emotional well-being.Trial registration
Dutch Trial Register NTR2145, http://www.trialregister.nl. 相似文献3.
Objectives
To determine nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of depressive symptoms and factors associated with treatment among those with moderate to severe symptoms.Methods
A cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of adults age ≥ 18 years in the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data who responded to the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was conducted (n= 13,320). Depressive symptoms and severity were defined by PHQ-9 scores. Depression treatment was defined as either receiving antidepressants or seeing a mental health professional. Multivariable logistic regression analyses using population weights identified factors associated with having depressive symptoms and receipt of any treatment.Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased from 20.92% to 25.66% over 6 years. Among patients with moderate to severe depression, 38.66% received treatment. Multivariable analyses found that being female, other Hispanic, younger age, having certain chronic comorbidities or previous hospitalization, no health insurance and in poverty status were associated with having depressive symptoms (P< .05). Among patients with moderate to severe depression, being female, white, younger age, having comorbidities (arthritis and hypertension) or previous hospitalization were associated with receipt of treatment (P< .05).Conclusions
The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high, and only a small portion of patients with moderate to severe depression received treatments. Treatment disparities exist and need improvement. 相似文献4.
Todd A. Doyle Mary de Groot Tamara Harris Frank Schwartz Elsa S. Strotmeyer Karen C. Johnson Alka Kanaya 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2013
Objective
Up-regulated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are common to both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and elevated depressive symptoms, yet little attention has been given to the biological mechanisms associated with these co-morbidities. This study examined the association between inflammation and both T2DM and elevated depressive symptoms.Methods
Baseline data were analyzed from 3009 adults, aged 70–79, participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Diabetes was assessed per self-report, medication use, fasting glucose and/or glucose tolerance tests. Elevated depressive symptoms were categorized using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (cut-score ≥ 20). Log-transformed IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP were analyzed using ANCOVA.Results
Participants with T2DM and elevated depressive symptoms (T2DM + DEP n = 14) demonstrated significantly (p < .05) higher IL-6 compared to (T2DM Only n = 628), (DEP Only n = 49), and (No T2DM or DEP n = 2067) groups following covariate adjustment. Similarly, participants with T2DM + DEP (n = 14) had significantly (p < .05) higher CRP, after covariate adjustment, compared to DEP Only (n = 50) and No T2DM or DEP groups (n = 2153). No association was observed for TNF-α.Conclusions
These findings provide evidence that inflammation is associated with T2DM and elevated depressive symptoms. Participants with T2DM + DEP demonstrated the highest IL-6 levels compared to all other groups. Greater CRP levels were also observed in T2DM, but not elevated depressive symptoms, which may suggest that differential associations between T2DM and depressive symptoms exist for various inflammatory markers. Further investigation into these associations could aid in understanding the biological pathways underlying both T2DM and depressive symptoms. 相似文献5.
Harold G. Koenig Lee S. Berk Noha S. Daher Michelle J. Pearce Denise L. Bellinger Clive J. Robins Bruce Nelson Sally F. Shaw Harvey Jay Cohen Michael B. King 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
Religious involvement may help individuals with chronic medical illness cope better with physical disability and other life changes. We examine the relationships between religiosity, depressive symptoms, and positive emotions in persons with major depression and chronic illness.Methods
129 persons who were at least somewhat religious/spiritual were recruited into a clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of religious vs. secular cognitive behavioral therapy. Reported here are the relationships at baseline between religious involvement and depressive symptoms, purpose in life, optimism, generosity, and gratefulness using standard measures.Results
Although religiosity was unrelated to depressive symptoms (F = 0.96, p = 0.43) and did not buffer the disability–depression relationship (B = − 1.56, SE 2.90, p = 0.59), strong relationships were found between religious indicators and greater purpose, optimism, generosity, and gratefulness (F = 7.08, p < 0.0001).Conclusions
Although unrelated to depressive symptoms in the setting of major depression and chronic medical illness, higher religious involvement is associated with positive emotions, a finding which may influence the course of depression over time. 相似文献6.
Taro Kishi Tomohiko MukaiYuki Matsuda Masatsugu MoriwakiNakao Iwata 《Journal of psychiatric research》2013
Background
We performed an updated meta-analysis of noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor (NRI) augmentation therapy in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics based on a previous meta-analysis (Singh et al.).Methods
PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, and PsycINFO citations were searched from their inception to June 10, 2013 without language restrictions. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized controlled trials comparing NRI augmentation therapy with placebo. The outcome measure for efficacy was the psychopathology of schizophrenia and the measures for safety were discontinuation rate and several side effects. We used standardized mean differences (SMD) to estimate treatment effects for continuous variables, and risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous variables, with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A random-effects model was used.Results
Nine studies (4 atomoxetine studies, 3 reboxetine studies, 1 reboxetine–betahistine combination study and 1 mazindol study, total n = 298) were identified. No statistically significant effects of NRI augmentation therapy on overall (p = 0.90), positive (p = 0.81), and negative (p = 0.89) symptoms were found. NRI augmentation therapy was marginally superior to placebo for efficacy of depressive symptoms (SMD = −1.08, p = 0.05). Dropout due to all-cause (p = 0.70), inefficacy (p = 0.64), or adverse events (p = 0.18) was similar in both groups. NRI augmentation therapy showed a significantly lower increase or larger reduction in body weight than placebo (SMD = −0.47, p = 0.03). Reboxetine augmentation was associated with less weight gain that placebo in antipsychotic treated schizophrenia patients (SMD = −0.78, p = 0.0001).Conclusion
NRIs may exert an effect on depressive symptoms, and seem to be well-tolerated treatments. 相似文献7.
Filip Raes Jorien Smets Ineke Wessel Filip Van Den Eede Sabine Nelis Erik Franck Yves Jacquemyn Myriam Hanssens 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
Maladaptive response styles to negative affect have been shown to be associated with prospective (postpartum) depression. Whether maladaptive styles to positive affect are also critically involved is understudied, even though anhedonia (a correlate of low positive affectivity) is a cardinal symptom of depression. The present study is the first to investigate the predictive value of cognitive response styles to both negative (depressive rumination) and positive affect (dampening) for postpartum depressive symptoms.Methods
During the third trimester of pregnancy, 210 women completed self-report instruments assessing depression (symptom severity and current and/or past episodes) and scales gauging the presence of depressive rumination and dampening. Of these women, 187 were retained for postpartum follow-up, with depressive symptoms being reassessed at 12 (n = 171) and 24 (n = 176) weeks after delivery.Results
Regression analyses showed that higher levels of dampening of positive affect during pregnancy predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms at 12 and 24 weeks postpartum, irrespective of initial symptom severity, past history of depression and levels of rumination to negative affect. Prepartum trait levels of rumination, however, did not predict postpartum symptomatology when controlled for baseline symptoms and history of major depressive episode(s).Conclusions
The results of this investigation suggest that the way women cognitively respond to positive affect contributes perhaps even more to the development of postpartum depression than maladaptive response styles to negative affect. 相似文献8.
Christiane Kugler Christoph Bara Thea von Waldthausen Ina Einhorn Burkhard Haastert Christine Fegbeutel Axel Haverich 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
Depression represents a relevant co-morbidity in patients with chronic heart disease and may diminish the overall success for long-term survival after heart transplantation (HTx). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression symptoms in long-term HTx survivors, and to compare depressive patients to those without depression with respect to chronic artery vasculopathy (CAV).Methods
A sample of 203 HTx patients, median 11.5 (IQR 7–17) years after transplant, provided detailed data of depression symptoms, and other psychosocial symptoms including anxiety, family support, professional re-integration, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Data were analyzed for an association with CAV.Results
Overall, 14.8% patients (95% CI: 10.2–20.4) showed relevant depression symptoms. No significant differences were seen between non-depressed vs. depressed patients with respect to demographics, clinical variables, and cardiovascular risk factors. Anxiety was prevalent in 9.0% (95% CI: 5.4–13.9) of the sample. Depression symptoms showed impaired HRQoL in the SF-36 physical (P = .012) and psychosocial (P = .0001) components. CAV was prevalent in 34.0% (95% CI: 27.5–41.0), and depression symptoms and CAV were not significantly associated. CAV-patients did not report their physical HRQoL being lower relative to those without CAV (P = .40). Multivariate analysis revealed overweight BMI (OR = 2.20; P = .04), longer time since transplant (OR = 1.10; P = .001), and older age (OR = 1.04; P = .01) being associated with CAV.Conclusion
Depression symptoms are prevalent in long-term survivors after HTx, and psychological impairments decrease patients' perceptions of HRQoL. More research seems necessary to identify the inter-relationship between depression symptoms and CAV, in order to develop targeted interventions to overcome this problem. 相似文献9.
Mariska Bot Jacqueline M. Vink Gonneke Willemsen Johannes H. Smit Jacoline Neuteboom Cornelis Kluft Dorret I. Boomsma Brenda W.J.H. Penninx 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2013
Objective
Previous population-based studies suggest that exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is related to increased depressive symptoms and poor mental health among non-smokers. We examined whether these associations could be replicated in two independent Dutch samples.Methods
Non-smoking adults were selected from two studies: 1) the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), comprising individuals with current and remitted depressive and/or anxiety disorders, and healthy controls and 2) the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), comprising twin-family studies on health-related behaviors. In both studies, SHS exposure was assessed with plasma cotinine levels (1–14 ng/ml vs. < 1 ng/ml). In NESDA, outcomes were current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, and depression and anxiety symptom severity scores. In NTR, the Adult Self Report derived DSM-subscales for depressive and anxiety problems, and anxious depressive scores were analyzed.Results
In NESDA non-smokers (n = 1757), increased plasma cotinine level (≥ 1 ng/ml) was not related to current depressive and/or anxiety disorders [odds ratio (OR) 0.96, P = .77], nor to depression or anxiety severity indicators. Similarly, in NTR non-smokers (n = 1088) cotinine levels ≥ 1 ng/ml were not associated with the DSM-subscale for depressive problems [unstandardized regression coefficient (B) 0.04, P = .88], nor to other depression and anxiety measures.Conclusions
In non-smoking adults from patient and population samples, we found no evidence that plasma cotinine levels were related to either depressive and/or anxiety disorders, or to depressive and anxiety symptoms. This suggests that SHS exposure is not related to depression and anxiety in non-smoking adults. 相似文献10.
Young-Min Park Seung-Hwan Lee Sangrae Kim Sung-Man Bae 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2010
Background
Serotonergic dysfunction in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and healthy controls was evaluated by measuring the activity of the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP).Methods
The 357 subjects who were evaluated comprised 55 normal controls, 123 patients with major depressive disorder, 37 with bipolar disorder, 46 with schizophrenia, 37 with panic disorder (PD), 31 with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and 28 with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Results
LDAEP was significantly stronger in healthy controls than in patients with either bipolar disorder (p = 0.025) or schizophrenia (p = 0.008), and significantly stronger in patients with major depressive disorder than in those with bipolar disorder (p = 0.01) or schizophrenia (p = 0.03). LDAEP did not differ significantly between patients with major depressive disorder and healthy control subjects (p = 0.667), or between healthy control subjects and patients with anxiety disorder, including PD (p = 0.469), GAD (p = 0.664), and PTSD (p = 0.167).Conclusion
The findings of the present study reveal that patients with major psychiatric disorders exhibit different strengths of LDAEP according to their serotonin-related pathology. Studies controlled for psychotropic medication, menstruation cycle, and smoking are needed. 相似文献11.
Jeff C. Huffman Christina M. DuBois Brian C. Healy Julia K. Boehm Todd B. Kashdan Christopher M. Celano John W. Denninger Sonja Lyubomirsky 《General hospital psychiatry》2014
Objective
The objective was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of nine positive psychology exercises delivered to patients hospitalized for suicidal thoughts or behaviors, and to secondarily explore the relative impact of the exercises.Method
Participants admitted to a psychiatric unit for suicidal ideation or behavior completed daily positive psychology exercises while hospitalized. Likert-scale ratings of efficacy (optimism, hopelessness, perceived utility) and ease of completion were consolidated and compared across exercises using mixed models accounting for age, missing data and exercise order. Overall effects of exercise on efficacy and ease were also examined using mixed models.Results
Fifty-two (85.3%) of 61 participants completed at least one exercise, and 189/213 (88.7%) assigned exercises were completed. There were overall effects of exercise on efficacy (χ2= 19.39; P= .013) but not ease of completion (χ2= 11.64; P= .17), accounting for age, order and skipped exercises. Effect (Cohen’s d) of exercise on both optimism and hopelessness was moderate for the majority of exercises. Exercises related to gratitude and personal strengths ranked highest. Both gratitude exercises had efficacy scores that were significantly (P= .001) greater than the lowest-ranked exercise (forgiveness).Conclusion
In this exploratory project, positive psychology exercises delivered to suicidal inpatients were feasible and associated with short-term gains in clinically relevant outcomes. 相似文献12.
Orjana Velikonja Katarina Čurić Ana Ožura Saša Šega Jazbec 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2010
Objectives
Spasticity, cognitive impairment, depression and fatigue significantly reduce the quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. To find out whether nonpharmalogical treatment approaches can reduce these symptoms we investigated effects of sports climbing (SC) and yoga on spasticity, cognitive impairment, mood change and fatigue in MS patients. Sports climbing (SC) and yoga are aerobic physical activities comprised a series of stretching techniques, implementation of which demands body control and planning of complex movements.Materials and methods
20 subjects with relapsing–remitting or progressive MS, 26–50 years of age, with EDSS ≤ 6 and EDSS pyramidal functions score (EDSSpyr) > 2 were enrolled in a randomized prospective study. The participants were randomly divided into SC and yoga group. We evaluated spasticity, cognitive function, mood and fatigue before and after both programs, that lasted 10 weeks, with standardized assessment methods.Results
There were no significant improvements in spasticity after SC and yoga. In the SC group we found a 25% reduction (p = 0.046) in EDSSpyr. There were no differences in executive function after the completion of both programs. There was a 17% increase in selective attention performance after yoga (p = 0.005). SC reduced fatigue for 32.5% (p = 0.015), while yoga had no effect. We found no significant impact of SC and yoga on mood.Conclusions
Yoga and SC might improve some of the MS symptoms and should be considered in the future as possible complementary treatments. 相似文献13.
Dionne Kessing Aline J. Pelle Nina Kupper Balázs M. Szabó Johan Denollet 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
Optimal self-care is crucial in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). While the focus of research has been on negative mood states, adequate psychological resources may be required to successfully engage in HF self-care. Therefore, the longitudinal associations of multiple positive affect measures in explaining HF self-care including consulting behavior were examined while adjusting for depressive symptoms and potential covariates (e.g., disease severity).Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 238 patients (mean age: 66.9 ± 8.6 years, 78% men), with chronic HF completed questionnaires at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Positive affect was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Global Mood Scale (GMS). Anhedonia, i.e. diminished interest or pleasure, was assessed with a subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The 9-item European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour scale was completed to assess HF self-care including consultation behavior.Results
Linear mixed modeling results showed that anhedonia was most strongly associated with both poor self-care (estimate = − .72, P < .001) and consulting behavior (estimate = − .44, P < .001) over time, after adjustment for covariates and depressive symptoms. GMS positive affect was related to better HF self-care adjusting for standard depressive symptoms but not when adjusting for anhedonia. PANAS positive affect was not independently related to self-care.Conclusion
Anhedonia was associated with worse compliance with self-care among chronic HF patients over time, irrespective of disease severity and depression. Associations between positive affect and self-care were dependent on the measures used in multivariable analyses. 相似文献14.
Reiji Yoshimura Taro Kishi Hikaru Hori Atsuko Ikenouchi-Sugita Asuka Katsuki Wakako Umene-Nakano Nakao Iwata Jun Nakamura 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2012
Objective
Only two-thirds of depressive patients respond to antidepressant treatment. In recent years, addition of an atypical antipsychotic drug to ongoing treatment with an antidepressant has been considered effective and well-tolerated. In the present study, we compared the efficacy between paroxetine and sertraline augmented with aripiprazole in patients with refractory major depression.Subjects and methods
Twenty-four patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder who did not at least two different classes of antidepressants were enrolled in the study. Nine were male and thirteen were female, and their ages ranged from 28 to 66 (mean ± SD = 39 ± 12) years. Patients were prescribed paroxetine (n = 11) or sertraline (n = 13) for 4 weeks. Then, those whose scores on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD17) decreased below 50% received adjunctive therapy of aripiprazole for 4 weeks.Results
Although the use of either combination treatment decreased the HAMD17 scores compared to the respective monotherapy, there was no significant difference in HAMD17 scores between the paroxetine plus aripiprazole group and sertraline plus aripiprazole group.Conclusion
Aripiprazole augmentation therapy with paroxetine or sertraline was equally effective and tolerated in patients with refractory major depressive order. 相似文献15.
Folorunsho Tajudeen Nuhu Marufah Dupe Lasisi Abdulkareem Jika Yusuf Sa’ad Bolakale Aremu 《General hospital psychiatry》2013
Objective
There is paucity of information on epilepsy and suicide in Nigeria. The objective of this study therefore was to assess the prevalence and determinants of suicide risk among adults with epilepsy (AWE) in Kaduna, Nigeria.Method
We administered the suicidality module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the three-item Oslo Social Support Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to 170 consecutive AWE attending the outpatient clinic of Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, between January and June 2011 to determine the prevalence of suicide risk, the level of social support and the psychological symptoms, respectively. We also recorded the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects.Results
There are 99 males and 71 females. The subject’s mean age was 28.7±12.1 years. The prevalence of suicide risk was 20.0%. Short seizure-free periods (χ2= 4.658, P= .031), previous suicide attempts (χ2= 12.216, P< .001), anxiety symptoms (χ2= 5.075, P= .024) and depressive symptoms (χ2= 5.093, P= .016) were significantly associated with suicidal tendencies. However, after a logistic regression analysis, none of the above variables predicted suicide risk.Conclusion
Suicide risk is common among AWE. Poor seizure control, previous suicidal attempts and emotional distress are associated factors. 相似文献16.
Christian Veauthier Gunnar Gaede Helena Radbruch Sandra Gottschalk Klaus-Dieter Wernecke Friedemann Paul 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2013
Objective
In a previous polysomnographic cross-sectional study we found a significant relationship between sleep disorders and multiple sclerosis (MS) related fatigue. The purpose of this open follow-up observation was to compare the impact of treatment of sleep disorders on MS related fatigue measured with the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS).Methods
Non-randomized follow-up observation: treated versus untreated patients, subgroups according to compliance with sleep medical treatment recommendations (univariate, multivariate analysis, multiple logistic regression). 66 MS patients were followed after polysomnography, 49 patients with relevant sleep disorders and 17 without.Results
Mean MFIS scores decreased from 41.2 to 26.2 (p = 0.025) in patients with good compliance (GC; n = 18), from 42.4 to 32.1 (p = 0.12) in patients with moderate compliance (MC; n = 12), and from 41.6 to 35.5 (p = 0.17) in non-compliant patients (NC; n = 17). Mean MFIS values increased in patients without sleep disorders from 22.9 to 25.4 (NSD; n = 12, p = 0.56). In multiple logistic regression, treatment of sleep disorders predicted decrease of MFIS-values (GC versus NSD odds ratio 13.4; p = 0.015; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–107.2, MC versus NSD odds ratio 13.8; p = 0.028; 95% CI 1.3–143.3).Conclusions
Sleep medical treatment may improve MS related fatigue when patients adhere to treatment recommendations. 相似文献17.
Soraya Stoquart-ElSankari Christine BottinMartine Roussel-Pieronne Olivier Godefroy 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2010
Background
Action slowing is frequently observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Several factors may account for response slowing: motor, perceptual, cognitive deficits, global mental slowing. Our objective was to examine mechanisms accounting for action slowing in MS patients.Methods
Twenty MS patients, free of visual impairment and of upper limbs sensory–motor deficit underwent previously validated reaction time (RT) tests using visual stimuli. Three tasks were used: (1) motor tapping, (2) simple reaction time (SRT) in a simple and dual task condition, and (3) choice RT (CRT) with varying response probabilities. Results were compared to those of 20 healthy matched subjects.Results
MS patients had: (1) lower motor tapping frequency (p = 0.02); (2) SRT lengthening (p = 0.001) related to a lower proportion of fast responses (p = 0.001) indicating attentional deficit whereas perceptuomotor index was spared (p = 0.5), without higher sensitivity to dual task (p = 0.9); and (3) CRT lengthening (p = 0.001) with spared decision time (p = 0.7).Conclusions
This study showed that action slowing of MS patient is mainly related to (1) attentional deficit resulting in inability to maintain high level of rapid actions, and (2) subtle motor slowing even in patients without motor deficit on clinical examination, whereas (3) divided attention and decisional process are preserved. 相似文献18.
Ulrike Kuebler Manuel Trachsel Roland von Känel Elvira Abbruzzese Ulrike Ehlert Petra H. Wirtz 《Journal of psychosomatic research》2014
Objective
Hypertension and an atherogenic lipid profile are known risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Hypertensives show greater changes in atherogenic plasma lipids to acute stress than normotensives. In this study, we investigated whether attribution of failure is associated with lipid stress reactivity in hypertensive compared with normotensive men.Methods
18 normotensive and 17 hypertensive men (mean ± SEM; 45 ± 2.2 years) underwent an acute standardized psychosocial stress task that can be viewed as a situation of experimentally induced failure. We assessed external-stable (ES), external-variable (EV), internal-stable (IS), and internal-variable (IV) attribution of failure and psychological control variables (i.e. extent of depression and neuroticism). Moreover, total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and norepinephrine were measured immediately before and several times after stress.Results
ES moderated TC- and LDL-C-stress reactivity in hypertensives as compared to normotensives (interaction mean arterial pressure [MAP]-by-ES for TC: F = 3.71, p = .015; for LDL-C: F = 3.61, p = .016). TC and LDL-C levels were highest in hypertensives with low ES immediately after stress (p ≤ .039). In contrast, hypertensives with high ES did not differ from normotensives in TC and LDL-C immediately after stress (p's > .28). Controlling for norepinephrine, depression, and neuroticism in addition to age and BMI did not significantly change results. There were no significant associations between lipid baseline levels or aggregated lipid secretion and IS, IV, or EV (p's > .23).Conclusion
Our data suggest that ES may independently protect from elevated lipid stress reactivity in hypertensive individuals. ES thus might be a protective factor against CHD in hypertension. 相似文献19.
Background
We examined the relationship between subjective well-being and depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia before and after treatment with clozapine to contribute to the growing body of research regarding the determinants of patients' perspective of their own well-being in schizophrenia.Methods
Forty patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia were comprehensively evaluated for subjective well-being, schizophrenic symptoms, and depressive symptoms before and 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment with clozapine. Correlation analysis and Fisher's z-transformation statistics were performed.Results
There were significant improvements in all Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) factor scores and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score over the treatment period (P < .05). Before clozapine administration, the subjective well-being score had significant negative correlations with the PANSS depression factor score (P < .05) and the BDI score (P < .05). After clozapine treatment, the subjective well-being score still had significant negative correlations with the PANSS depression factor score (P < .05) and the BDI score (P < .05) and no new associations emerged with treatment. Fisher's z-transformation statistics revealed that the correlations between the subjective well-being score and the depression score were not significantly different before and after clozapine treatment.Conclusions
These results indicate that depressive symptoms are significantly associated with low subjective well-being in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The association was equally significant before and after treatment with clozapine, suggesting that the relationship does not change with clozapine treatment, even when depressive symptoms improve significantly, and that there may be a common pathophysiological basis for depressive symptoms and the subjective appraisal of well-being in schizophrenia. 相似文献20.