Specific coping behaviors in relation to adolescent depression and suicidal ideation

The coping strategies used by adolescents to deal with stress may have implications for the development of depression and suicidal ideation. This study examined coping categories and specific coping behaviors used by adolescents to assess the relation of coping to depression and suicidal ideation. In hierarchical regression models, the specific coping behaviors of behavioral disengagement and self-blame were predictive of higher levels of depression; depression and using emotional support were predictive of suicidal ideation. Results suggest that specific behaviors within the broad coping categories of emotion-focused coping (e.g., self-blame) and avoidant coping (e.g., behavioral disengagement) account for these categories’ associations with depression and suicidal ideation. Specific problem-focused coping strategies did not independently predict lower levels of depression or suicidal ideation. It may be beneficial for interventions to focus on eliminating maladaptive coping behaviors in addition to introducing or enhancing positive coping behaviors.     

Suicidal ideation and risk factors in Korean migraine patients

Population-based studies have reported an increased risk of suicidal ideation in patients with migraine. However, there is some controversy as to whether migraine itself is a risk factor for suicidal ideation after adjusting for psychiatric comorbidities. We calculated the frequency of suicidal ideation among patients with migraine visiting a tertiary care hospital and determined its risk factors. Patients with migraine and healthy controls completed self-report questionnaires to assess depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation, and the frequency of suicidal ideation. Risk factors for suicidal ideation were investigated in terms of demographic, clinical, and psychiatric variables. One hundred eighty-five patients with migraine (156 females and 29 males; mean age 39.1 years) and 53 age and education-matched healthy controls participated in the study. The frequency of suicidal ideation was significantly greater in patients with migraine than healthy controls (odds ratio [OR] = 5.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–22.10, p = 0.003), but this significance was not sustained after adjusting for comorbid depression and anxiety. The risk of suicidal ideation in patients with migraine was associated with lower education levels, higher frequency of migraine attacks, stronger intensity of headaches, and presence of phonophobia, chronic migraine, depression, and anxiety. The strongest predictor was depression (OR = 15.36, 95% CI 5.39–43.78, p < 0.001), followed by the intensity of headache while completing the questionnaire (OR = 1.293, 95% CI 1.077–1.553; p = 0.006). The contribution of migraine-specific variables to suicidal ideation is trivial compared to that of depression and headache intensity.     

Unique relations among anxiety sensitivity factors and anxiety,depression, and suicidal ideation

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is composed of three lower-order dimensions, cognitive concerns, physical concerns, and social concerns. We examined the relations between AS dimensions using a more adequate assessment of subscales (ASI-3) than has previously been used, and measures of anxiety and mood disorders as well as suicidal ideation in a sample of 256 (M age = 37.10 years, SD = 16.40) treatment-seeking individuals using structural equation modeling. AS cognitive concerns was uniquely associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation. AS physical concerns was uniquely associated with OCD, social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), and specific phobia. AS social concerns was uniquely associated with SAD, GAD, OCD, and MDD. These results highlight the importance of considering the lower-order AS dimensions when examining the relations between AS and psychopathology.     

强制戒毒者自杀意念及影响因素的调查分析

目的探讨吸毒人群自杀意念产生原因及影响因素,为该特殊人群的自杀干预提供依据。方法对甘肃省兰州市榆中县强制戒毒所中的强制戒毒人员,采用分层随机抽样,使用阿片成瘾严重程度量表及自杀意念自评量表和自编的访谈提纲,采取各大队各班抽测、单独访谈方式进行调查。结果共173名调查对象的问卷有效,对自杀意念的多因素logistic回归分析结果显示有无职业、成瘾史、成瘾程度、自杀史和曾经用药这5个因子都被纳入了回归方程。结论强制戒毒者的自杀未遂率和自杀意念发生率远高于普通人群。失业、较长的成瘾史、严重的成瘾程度和以往的自杀经历都是影响强制戒毒人员自杀意念发生的重要影响因素。     

不同性别抑郁症患者自杀意念的相关危险因素比较

目的 研究抑郁症患者自杀意念相关因素的性别差异,为自杀的干预和预防提供更多的证据.方法 依据DSM-IV抑郁症诊断标准入组122例有自杀意念的抑郁症患者和129例无自杀意念的抑郁症患者,进行不同性别间各项目的比较分析.结果 男女抑郁症患者在婚姻、文化程度、职业、收入水平和生活事件、艾森克人格测验的内外倾向、神经质和掩饰性方面差异有统计学意义.结论 男性与女性抑郁症患者的自杀意念危险因素存在一定差异,健全的人格,积极的应对方式,良好的家庭环境,在自杀预防中有重要意义.     

Relationship of optimism and suicidal ideation in three groups of patients at varying levels of suicide risk

Optimism has been associated with reduced suicidal ideation, but there have been few studies in patients at high suicide risk. We analyzed data from three study populations (total N = 319) with elevated risk of suicide: (1) patients with a recent acute cardiovascular event, (2) patients hospitalized for heart disease who had depression or an anxiety disorder, and (3) patients psychiatrically hospitalized for suicidal ideation or following a suicide attempt. For each study we analyzed the association between optimism (measured by the Life–Orientation Test-Revised) and suicidal ideation, and then completed an exploratory random effects meta-analysis of the findings to synthesize this data. The meta-analysis of the three studies showed that higher levels of self-reported optimism were associated with a lower likelihood of suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] = .89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .85−.95, z = 3.94, p < .001), independent of age, gender, and depressive symptoms. This association held when using the subscales of the Life Orientation Test-Revised scale that measured higher optimism (OR = .84, 95% CI = .76−.92, z = 3.57, p < .001) and lower pessimism (OR = .83, 95% CI = .75−.92], z = 3.61, p < .001). These results also held when suicidal ideation was analyzed as an ordinal variable. Our findings suggest that optimism may be associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation, above and beyond the effects of depressive symptoms, for a wide range of patients with clinical conditions that place them at elevated risk for suicide.     

Ketamine as a rapid-acting agent for suicidal ideation: A meta-analysis

The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at exploring acute effects of intravenous (IV) ketamine, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), in subjects with current suicidal ideation. We included clinical trials testing a single IV dose of ketamine and assessing changes in suicidal ideation within 4 h after treatment. Meta-analyses based on random-effects models, were carried out generating pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) between endpoint and baseline scores. Heterogeneity among studies was estimated using the I² index. We searched main Electronic Databases, identifying five studies that met our inclusion criteria. The trials included 99 subjects treated with IV ketamine bolus or infusion. Data showed a large (SMD = −0.92; 95%CI: −1.40 to −0.44; p < 0.001) and consistent (I² = 21.6%) decrease of suicidal ideation, with effects comparable between IV bolus and infusion ketamine. Additional analyses confirmed the efficacy of ketamine across different time points. However, relevant, emerging evidence should be considered as ‘very low’ so far. Randomized, controlled and adequately powered trials are needed.     

不同家庭类型抑郁症患者自杀意念的差异性研究

目的探讨不同家庭类型的抑郁症患者自杀意念的差异性。方法采用一般情况调查表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)、家庭亲密度与适应性评定量表(FACESII-CV)对新疆自治区人民医院临床心理科住院并愿意参与研究的114例符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)的心境障碍-抑郁发作诊断标准的患者进行调查,按照FACESII-CV评分标准,分为极端型40例,中间型43例,平衡型31例。结果三种家庭自杀意念发生率明显不同,极端型家庭自杀意念发生率高于中间型和平衡型家庭,差异有统计学意义(80.0%vs.46.5%vs.48.4%,P均0.05)。三种家庭类型患者的SIOSS总评分、绝望因子、乐观因子、睡眠因子、掩饰因子评分差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。两两比较分析发现:极端型SIOSS总评分、绝望因子、乐观因子、睡眠因子评分高于中间型和平衡型,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);中间型乐观因子评分高于平衡型,掩饰因子评分高于极端型,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01);三种家庭类型的其余各因子评分差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。抑郁症患者SIOSS评分与受教育程度呈正相关,与经济状况、家庭亲密度评分、家庭适应性评分呈负相关(P均0.05)。结论极端型家庭抑郁症患者的绝望感更强、乐观性更差、睡眠更差、自杀风险更高;受教育程度越高、经济状况越差、家庭亲密度越差,抑郁症患者自杀的风险越高。     

Assessing measures of suicidal ideation in clinical trials with a rapid-acting antidepressant

Rapid reduction of suicidal thoughts is critical for treating suicidal patients. Clinical trials evaluating these treatments require appropriate measurement. Key methodological issues include: 1) the use of single or multi-item assessments, and 2) evaluating whether suicidal ideation measures can track rapid change over time. The current study presents data from two randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trials evaluating ketamine in individuals with treatment-resistant depression (n = 60). Participants were assessed for suicidal thoughts using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI) at eight time points over three days. Assessments were compared using correlational analyses and effect sizes at 230 min and three days after ketamine infusion. Linear mixed models evaluated change in ideation across all time points. The HAM-D and MADRS suicide items demonstrated correlations of r > .80 with the first five items of the SSI (SSI5). On linear mixed models, an effect for ketamine was found for the HAM-D, MADRS, BDI items, and SSI5 (p < .001), but not for the full SSI (p = .88), which suggests a limited ability to assess change over time in patients with low levels of suicidal thoughts. Taken together, the results suggest that repeated suicidal assessments over minutes to days appear to detect improvement in suicidal thoughts after ketamine infusion compared to placebo. The MADRS suicide item, BDI suicide item, and SSI5 may be particularly sensitive to rapid changes in suicidal thoughts.     

首次发作的儿童青少年抑郁障碍患者中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和自杀意念的关系

背景 自杀是全球严重的公共卫生问题之一。自杀与中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）的关系可能在不同地区和不同年龄的人群中存在差异,有必要进一步研究NLR与我国儿童青少年抑郁障碍患者自杀意念之间的关系。目的 探讨儿童青少年抑郁障碍患者NLR与自杀意念的相关性,为探寻自杀的生物学指标提供线索。方法 回顾性纳入2020年1月-2022年12月在阜阳市第三人民医院住院治疗的536例符合《国际疾病分类（第10版）》（ICD-10）诊断标准的儿童青少年抑郁障碍患者,根据患者是否报告存在自杀意念,将患者分为两组。从病历中收集患者的人口学资料、出院诊断以及入院第二天的汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版（HAMD-17）评分和血液学检验数据（中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数）。使用受试者操作特征曲线（ROC）测定NLR预测儿童青少年抑郁障碍患者自杀意念的最佳临界点,采用二元Logistic回归分析探索患者自杀意念的危险因素。结果 在536例患者中,无自杀意念者429例（80.04%）,有自杀意念者107例（19.96%）。与无自杀意念组相比,有自杀意念组HAMD-17评分更高[（25.28±8.86）分vs.(21.2...     

Quarrelsome family environment as an enhanced factor on child suicidal ideation

Suicide is a leading cause of death in adolescents, and develops through a process leading from depression to suicidal ideation and self-injury. In this study, we analyzed and compared suicidal ideation among elementary school children from distinct families and school-related backgrounds. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate suicidal ideation in elementary school children in Miaoli County of Western Taiwan. Our study included 979 eligible participants and collected data, including suicidal ideation, depression scores, demographic characteristics, and family and school variables. The results revealed that 175 students (17.9%) exhibited depression, and 146 students (14.9%) had contemplated suicide. A quarrelsome family environment was found to be an important independent factor in child suicidal ideation after controlling for depression status. Children living in quarrelsome families showed a 3.7-fold risk of suicidal ideation compared with children in a harmonious family. Among boys living in quarrelsome family environments, suicidal ideation risk was 7.4-fold higher than for girls living in harmonious families. A 27-fold high increased suicidal ideation risk was also observed among the depressed children who living in the quarrelsome family environment, compared with the non-depressed in the harmonious family environment. This study provides novel evidence indicating the enhanced effects of a quarrelsome family environment combined with depression symptoms and among boys on suicidal ideation. These findings suggest of quarrels in a family environment playing an important role on elementary school children's psychological development, and may help parents in improving their mental health.     

精神分裂症患者自杀与自知力的关系

目的本文探讨了258例精神分裂患者的自知力与自杀的关系。方法对258例符合CCDM-3诊断为精神分裂症的患者,用精神障碍自知力评估量表来评定患者对精神症状的自知程度,并分析自知力与自杀的关系。结果有自杀的精神分裂症患者对阴性症状和妄想的自知力明显好于没有自杀的患者。相反,对精神障碍的总体自知力程度并不能预测自杀。结论本文对自知力与自杀相关联的观念是支持的。     

Long-term depression and suicidal ideation outcomes subsequent to emancipation from foster care: Pathways to psychiatric risk in the Métis population

Major depressive episode (MDE) and suicidal ideation (SI) associated with history of foster care placement (HxFCP), and mediating effects of psychosocial and socioeconomic factors through which placement may confer psychiatric risks in the years subsequent to emancipation were examined in a national sample of 7534 Métis. More than one third of emancipated respondents reported past year MDE, a prevalence rate nearly 50% higher than the rate of MDE among Métis respondents without a history of placement in foster care. The 25% lifetime prevalence rate of SI in the emancipated group was more than twice the rate observed in the non-fostered group. Direct effects of HxFCP on post placement MDE and SI were significant in multivariate logistic regression analyses, even when effects of childhood predispositional risk factors were controlled statistically. Emancipated individuals were unduly affected by psychosocial and socioeconomic disadvantages signifying pathways that linked foster care placement history and psychiatric status. Main mediators of the effects demonstrated using effect decomposition procedures were self-esteem, income, and community adversity. The findings warrant consideration of foster care history in clarifying the complex etiologies of suicidal ideation and major depressive episode in the Métis population and risk factors ensuing in the intervening years as integral to the process linking placement to long-term psychiatric outcomes.     

中学生自杀意念发生率及其影响因素分析

目的：探讨中学生自杀意念的发生率及其影响因素,为心理干预措施提供参考。方法：采用随机、分层、整群抽样方法,抽取乐昌市３所中学的５１８中高中生,用症状自评量表、艾森克人格问卷、防御方式问卷、应对方式问卷进行调查。结果：有２０．７％的中学生有不同程度的自杀意念;女性、独生子女、单亲家庭的自杀意念发生率显著高于男性、非独生子女、核心家庭及传统大家庭;有自杀意念组的心理健康水平低,采用不成熟防御方式及消极     

Risk of suicidal ideation in diabetes varies by diabetes regimen,diabetes duration,and HbA1c level

Objective

To investigate patient subgroups based on the clinical characteristics of diabetes to evaluate risk factors for suicidal ideation using a large population-based sample in South Korea.

Methods

Data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey, were analyzed. The participants were 9159 subjects aged ≥ 40 years. We defined patients with diabetes based on self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes. We evaluated clinical risk factors for suicidal ideation according to diabetes regimen, diabetes duration, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level compared with no diabetes. Given the complex sample design and unequal weights, we analyzed weighted percentages and used survey logistic regression.

Results

Diabetes per se was not associated with suicidal ideation. However, suicidal ideation was significantly more prevalent among patients who had injected insulin, had a duration of diabetes ≥ 5 years and had HbA1c levels ≥ 6.5 compared with those without diabetes. Depressive symptoms were the most prominent predictor of suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

Insulin therapy, diabetes of long duration, and unsatisfactory glycemic control were identified as risk factors for suicidal ideation; thus, patients with these characteristics warrant special attention. Our findings suggest the need to integrate efforts to manage emotional distress into diabetes care.     

多发性硬化患者生活质量评估及其影响因素探讨

目的评估多发性硬化患者生活质量水平,并探讨其影响因素。方法收集2012年7月~2016年12月就诊于河南省人民医院复发缓解型多发性硬化患者(relapsing-remitting MS,RRMS)36例,继发进展性多发性硬化患者(secondary progressive MS,SPMS)21例作为研究对象。采用多发性硬化生活质量54项评分(Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 instrument,MSQo L-54)测试MS患者的生活质量;对所有研究对象进行认知功能、抑郁状态、疲劳、睡眠质量及日常生活能力评估。结果 (1)RRMS组及SPMS组患者躯体生活质量(RRMS组58.62±16.32;SPMS组28.77±15.99,P=0.000)、精神生活质量(RRMS组57.33±16.72;SPMS组36.27±23.50,P=0.000)均有下降,SPMS组下降更明显。多元逐步回归法分析,与MS生活质量相关因素中,Hamilton抑郁量表评分处于第一位(β=-0.516,P<0.001),其次为反应躯体化残疾程度的EDSS评分(β=-0.372,P<0.001),第三位为疲劳评分(β=-0.250,P=0.002)。结论 MS患者有不同程度的生活质量下降,SPMS患者更明显。EDSS评分、抑郁、疲劳影响患者生活质量,早期干预抑郁及疲劳,对于改善MS患者生活质量有益。     

Suidical ideation in severe depression

Suicidal ideation and communication were investigated for 89 suicide victims with a primary severe depression and matched controls. The selection of patients was based on multiaxial ratings of all hospitalised patients between 1956 and 1969. A blind record evaluation was performed, including scores on Beck's Scale for Suicidal Ideation and additional items apart from that scale. There was no relation between high scores on the Beck's scale and completed suicide. In the male group, suicidal ideation “beyond one's own will” was related to suicide. Female suicides that had made an attempt showed higher suicidal ideation than female suicides who had not. A substantial minority of the women (22%) committed suicide without showing any previous intent. Only 5% of the male suicides had shown no previous intent to commit suicide. Received: 4 December 1998 / Accepted: 8 February 2000     

Point prevalence and correlates of depression in a national community sample with multiple sclerosis

Objective

The prevalence of depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is known to be elevated, but nearly all available studies have estimated period prevalence. The objective of this study was to estimate the point prevalence of depression in a representative community sample using the Patient Health Questionnaire, Brief (PHQ-9).

Methods

The data source for this study was the Survey of Living with Neurological Conditions in Canada, which was derived from a representative sample of household residents.

Results

The sample included 630 respondents with MS. With application of the standard PHQ-9 cut point (10 +), the prevalence of depression was 26.0% (95% confidence interval 18.9%–33.0%). Depressed subjects had lower quality of life; an increased frequency of suicidal ideation; and more often reported a negative disease course, high stress, low social support and stigmatization.

Conclusions

This study adds to the existing literature by providing point prevalence data: in any 2-week period, about one quarter of community residents with MS experience substantial levels of depressive symptoms.     

The adolescent emotional coping after an earthquake: A risk factor for suicidal ideation

The study aims to investigate the relationship of suicidal ideation with coping and resilience in a sample of adolescents who survived an earthquake. Three hundred forty-three adolescents who had experienced the L'Aquila earthquake were investigated for a screening distinguishing Suicidal Screen-Negative (SSN) from the Positive (SSP) subjects. Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) and Brief Cope were administered. Emotion-focused coping score was significantly higher in SSP subjects. In the SSN but not in the SSP sample the READ total score correlated with problem-focused total score. A positive correlation was seen between emotion-focused and problem-focused scores in both samples, with a higher coefficient in SSP sample. Externalising problems and maladaptive behaviours can arise in adolescents exposed to traumatic events. Attention should be paid in reducing risk factors and in the development of psychological abilities, improving the coping strategies that can protect from emotional despair and suicidal ideation.     

Parental expressed emotion and suicidal ideation in adolescents with bipolar disorder

Family environmental variables are risk factors for recurrent courses of mood disorder in adolescents. The present study examined the association between parental expressed emotion (EE)—critical, hostile and/or emotionally overinvolved attitudes toward a concurrently ill offspring—and suicidal ideation in adolescents with bipolar disorder. The sample consisted of 95 adolescents with a bipolar I or II diagnosis who had experienced a mood episode in the prior 3 months. Participants (mean age=15.54 years, S.D.=1.4) were interviewed and completed questionnaires regarding current and past suicidal ideation prior to their participation in a treatment trial. Parents completed five-minute speech samples from which levels of EE were assessed. High EE attitudes in parents were associated with current suicidal ideation in adolescents. This relationship was independent of the effects of age, gender, current depressive or manic symptoms, comorbid diagnoses, bipolar I/II subtypes, family adaptability, and family cohesion. These results underscore the importance of addressing the emotional reactivity of caregivers in treating adolescents with bipolar disorder who have suicidal ideation.