Stage I and II breast carcinoma: treatment with limited surgery and radiation therapy versus mastectomy

Between 1980 and 1986, 2,140 patients with surgical stage I or II breast carcinoma were treated including 1,179 patients with T1-2N0 disease and 961 patients with T1-2N1 disease. Among the 1,179 patients without node involvement, 215 underwent limited surgery (complete excision and axillary node dissection) and radiation therapy; 964 patients underwent modified radical mastectomy only. Of the 961 patients with node involvement, 106 were treated by means of limited surgery and radiation therapy; of these, 48 also received chemotherapy. The remaining 855 patients underwent mastectomy; of these, 381 also received chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy. The 5-year survival rates for patients with no node involvement were 96% for the group treated by means of limited surgery and radiation therapy and 88% for the group treated by means of mastectomy (P greater than .05). The 5-year survival rates for patients with node involvement were 96% for the group treated by means of limited surgery and radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy and 77% for the group treated by means of mastectomy with or without chemotherapy (P less than .01). This study demonstrates no disadvantage from treatment by means of limited surgery and radiation therapy and suggests that adjuvant radiation therapy may be important in increasing survival among patients with T1-2 breast carcinoma and positive axillary nodes.     

Cancer of the piriform sinus: treatment by radiation therapy alone and with surgery

To ascertain the optimal treatment for carcinoma of the piriform sinus, the authors determined survival rates and local and regional tumor growth for two groups of patients: those treated by radiation therapy alone (n = 209) and those treated by radiation therapy combined with surgery (n = 154). The two groups were similar with respect to the characteristics of primary tumor stage and degree of nodal involvement. The overall 3-year and 5-year actuarial survival rates were 19.2% and 15.5%, respectively. For 5-year actuarial survival, there was no significant difference between patients with T1 and T2 tumors, but there was a significant difference between patients with T1 + T2 tumors versus those with T3 tumor. There was no significant difference in 3- and 5-year survival between patients with N0 and N1 nodal involvement and those with N1 and N2 involvement, but there was a significant difference between patients with N0 versus those with N3 involvement. The 5-year actuarial survival rate is significantly better for patients who underwent surgery followed by radiation therapy than for those who received only radiation therapy. However, for patients with early-stage (T1 and T2) tumors, radiation therapy alone controls local tumor growth as well as the combination of surgery and radiation therapy does. For each treatment group, the causes of death and patterns of failure were studied and compared with investigations to date.     

Concomitant chemo/radiotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the head and neck

Giving chemotherapy and radiotherapy simultaneously (concomitant therapy) is one approach to improving results in advanced head and neck cancer. To assess the feasibility of one such regimen, 25 patients with advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with a continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil, 1 g/m2 per 24 h for Days 1-5 (105 h) and mitomycin-C 14 mg/m2 intravenously on Day 3 during the first week of radiotherapy. Twenty had Stage IV disease; four Stage III; and one Stage II. Ages ranged from 21 to 73 years (median 60 years). The tumours involved were as follows: oral cavity (6); nasopharynx (8); oropharynx (5); secondary node from unknown primary (3); hypopharynx (2); paranasal sinus (1). Radiotherapy was delivered as 10 Gy per week (total dose 60-70 Gy). Chemotherapy was well tolerated and all received the intended dose. Mild nausea occurred in five patients and three experienced transient vomiting. A generalized "early" mucositis affected 16 out of 25 (64%), caused interruption of radiotherapy in three patients, and is thought to be chemotherapy related. Twenty-two patients received the dose of radiotherapy intended, and two stopped prematurely at 53 and 56 Gy. Three episodes of neutropaenic infection occurred. Two recovered uneventfully, but one toxic death occurred in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis. A complete response was seen in 21 (84%). For 17 patients with non-nasopharyngeal carcinoma the 2-year survival is 40%, 24% disease free. The concomitant use of 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin and radiotherapy is well tolerated in this group of patients.     

Prognostic factors in pyriform sinus carcinoma

In the 48-month survival analysis of 76 evaluable pyriform sinus carcinoma cases, nodal stage and size played the most significant prognosis-affecting roles. N3 stage and node greater than 3 cm decreased the survival fourfold and threefold, respectively, at statistically significant levels. The difference between the 35 per cent preoperative radiation therapy and 3 per cent radical radiation therapy cumulative 48-mouth survivals was significant at p less than 0.01. Complication rates were 6 per cent with radical radiation, 35 per cent with preoperative radiation and 43 per cent with curative surgery.     

喉咽癌12例诊治体会

目的:探讨喉咽癌早期诊断与治疗方法.方法:12例确诊为喉咽癌的患者均行以手术为主的综合治疗,其中部分喉咽或梨状窝切除5例,部分喉咽半喉切除1例,部分喉咽全喉切除3例,喉咽、喉食管上端切除3例,均行组织修补,对颈部淋巴结采用根治性颈淋巴清扫术或选择性颈淋巴清扫术.结果:1例术后1年内肺部转移行化疗,存活2年以内3例,存活3年3例,存活5年1例,其它失访.结论:有咽喉非特异性症状应加强查体做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗.喉咽肿瘤应根据肿瘤的特征及患者情况采取综合性,个体化的治疗原则.     

Adjuvant radiotherapy after radical hysterectomy of the cervical cancer

Aim

To investigate prognostic factors and complications after radical hysterectomy followed by postoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Patients and Methods

One hundred twenty-eight patients with Tlb-2b carcinoma of the uterine cervix following radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and postoperative radiation therapy were reviewed. Pathologic and treatment variables were assessed by multivariate analysis for local recurrence, distant metastases and cause specific survival.

Results

The number of positive nodes (PN) in the pelvis was the strongest predictor of pelvic recurrence and distant metastases. These 2 failure patterns independently affect the cause specific survival. The 5-year cumulative local and distant failure were PN(0): 2% and 12%, PN(1–2): 23% and 25%, PN(2<): 32% and 57%, respectively (p=0.0029 and p=0.0051). The 5-year cause specific survival rates were PN(0): 90%, PN(1–2): 59% and PN(2<): 42% (p=0.0001). The most common complication was lymphedema of the foot experienced by one-half of the patients (5-year: 42%, 10-year: 49%).

Conclusion

These results suggest that patients with pathologic Tlb-T2b cervix cancer with pelvic lymph node metastases are at high risk of recurrence or metastases after radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and postoperative irradiation.     

Results of combined therapy for maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma

The results of 54 cases of maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma treated between 1980 and 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. The T classification according to the 1997 UICC was as follows: 2 with stage T1, 29 with T3, and 23 with T4. Ten patients(18.5%) had lymph node metastases at diagnosis. All patients underwent combined therapy including radiotherapy, surgery, and regional or systemic chemotherapy. Fifteen patients received hyperfractionated twice-daily radiotherapy (1.2 Gy or 1.5 Gy/fraction), and the remaining 39 patients received a conventional once-daily regimen(1.5-2 Gy/fraction). The 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival for all patients were 56.0% and 46.7%, respectively. The N classification was the only significant prognostic factor for 5-year disease-free survival by univariate analysis (favoring N = 0, p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in other prognostic factors including gender, T classification (T1-3 vs. T4), hyperfractionated radiotherapy (yes vs. no), total dose (BED: < 69 Gy10 vs. > or = 69 Gy10), and intra-arterial chemotherapy(yes vs. no). Although radiation-induced cataract was observed in 9 patients, no other severe late complications developed.     

Ovarian carcinoma: results of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in 83 patients

Eighty-three patients with ovarian cancer who had undergone radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both were evaluated. Eight patients had FIGO stage I, 12 had stage II, 61 had stage III, and two had stage IV disease. In 60 patients, radiation was delivered with open abdominopelvic field (30 Gy over 4 weeks), with or without a pelvic boost dose. Fifty-five patients received a combination of chemotherapeutic agents, and 30 received a single agent as initial therapy. The patients were divided into three groups. The 26 patients in group 1 received primary radiation therapy with or without adjuvant single-agent chemotherapy. The 34 patients in group 2 underwent radiation therapy after chemotherapy failed. The 23 patients in group 3 received combination chemotherapy. Nineteen patients (23%) achieved complete remission--eight from group 1, two from group 2, and nine from group 3. The 5-year actuarial survival for group 1 was 41% but was only 16% for both groups 2 and 3 combined (P = .026). Primary radiation therapy, with or without adjuvant single-agent chemotherapy, was superior to combination chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer.     

A comparison of treatments of squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue: surgical resection combined with external radiation therapy, external radiation therapy alone, and external radiation therapy combined with interstitial radiation

PURPOSE: The outcomes of patients treated at a single institution over a specific time frame using three different therapeutic approaches for cancer of the base of tongue were reviewed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1992 and 1998, 53 patients were treated with curative intent for base of tongue cancer. Seventeen patients underwent surgical resection with postoperative radiation therapy, 16 patients received definitive external radiation therapy only, and 20 patients were treated with external and interstitial radiation, with neck dissection in 16 of those patients. Local control, survival, and functional status were assessed with each approach. RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial local control and survival for the surgically treated patients were 74% and 44%, respectively. The patients treated with external radiation therapy alone had local control of 28% and 5-year survival of 24%. The patients treated with external and interstitial radiation with neck dissection as indicated had 5-year actuarial local control of 87% and survival of 33%. Survival was not statistically different between the three treatment approaches (p=0.0995) but local control was worse in the definitive external radiation group (p < 0.0001). Speech and swallowing function among the long-term survivors was superior in the definitively irradiated patients compared with the operated patients. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective analysis, survival and local control was lowest in the patients treated with external radiation alone, however, patient selection likely played an important role. Local control was far better with surgical treatment and with external combined with interstitial radiation but survival remains less than 50% with each approach. Surgical treatment was superior for patients with T4 disease. Functional status was higher in the long-term survivors treated nonsurgically.     

Carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses. Results with radiotherapy alone or with a radio-surgical combination

The authors evaluate 117 patients affected by paranasal sinuses carcinoma treated by radiation therapy alone or by post-operative irradiation, from 1976 to 1984. Among these: 4 T1, 21 T2, 48 T3 and 44 T4; 66 cases were squamous cell carcinomas, 23 adenocarcinomas, 16 undifferentiated carcinomas and 12 adenoid cystic carcinomas. The overall 3 and 5 years actuarial survival rates were, respectively, 46% and 27%. The survival rates for stages T1 and T2 were 82 and 48% at 3 and 5 years; for stages T3 and T4 were 36% and 21%. According to the hystological type the survival rate varied from 50% for adenoid cystic carcinomas to 0% for undifferentiated carcinomas at 5 years. The survival rate for the group of patients treated with post-operative irradiation was 37% at 5 years, versus 10% for the group treated by radiotherapy alone. Complications have been minimal. Causes of failure are discussed. In conclusion, the authors consider a multicentric study as necessary to determine the efficacy of various schedules of treatment.     

Treatment results in males with breast cancer

Because cancer of the male breast is rare knowledge about its biology and behavior is essentially due to a compilation of pooled experiences. Hence, a continued report of cases appears to be important. Therefore a retrospective review of patients suffering from male breast cancer was carried out. Twenty-four evaluable cases were analyzed. Eight patients (1 patient with bilateral Stage I carcinoma was included) were in Stage I, 7 in Stage II, 2 in Stage IIIa, 4 in Stage IIIb, and 3 in Stage IV. Of 23 patients who were treated with mastectomy, 22 had modified radical mastectomy and postoperative irradiation to the chest wall as well as to the peripheral lymphatic areas in most cases. One patient underwent radical mastectomy. Another patient had an excision biopsy only, followed by irradiation. One of 24 patients received tamoxifen; another received cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, predisone (CMF) regimen in an adjuvant setting. Local recurrence developed in one of 23 (4%) patients treated with mastectomy and radiation therapy to the chest wall and peripheral lymphatics. Four (17%) patients developed distant metastases. The 5-year overall survival (Kaplan-Maier) was 90% for the entire group, 100% for patients in Stage I–III disease, and 60% in Stage IV disease (P = <0.005). As observed in former reports the stage of disease at initial presentation seems to be a parameter that significantly contributes to survival in male breast cancer patients. To what extent improved local control by adequate local therapy, such as surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, may improve overall survival remains to be discussed. Correspondnce to: B. Pakisch     

Advanced head and neck cancer: response to and toxicity of multimodality therapy

This pilot study for resectable stage III and stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck used a cytoreduction phase of preoperative radiation with cisplatin, followed by an eradicative treatment phase with radical surgery (group 1) or radical dose radiation and cisplatin (group 2), followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil infusion and cisplatin delivered at 4-week intervals for six cycles following initial radiation therapy to the primary site. A total of 43 patients were treated between January 1984 and January 1987; 14 were classified with stage III carcinoma, 28 with stage IV, and one patient was not staged. Out of 43 patients, two did not complete therapy. Forty-one patients completed the eradicative phase of treatment. Complete tumor clearance at the end of the eradicative treatment phase was 88% (36 of 41 patients), 95% (18 of 19) in group 1 and 82% (18 of 22) in group 2. Actuarial recurrence-free survival was 61% at 3 years. Among 36 patients with complete tumor clearance after the eradicative treatment phase, there was no statistically significant difference for overall and recurrence-free survival between group 1 and group 2. In general, toxicity was not excessive, although mucositis, weight loss, and hematologic and neurologic toxicity were observed in varying degrees in these patients.     

Outcomes of radiation therapy for maxillary sinus carcinoma

PURPOSE: We evaluated the outcome of radiation therapy for maxillary sinus carcinoma treated in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1984 to 2001, 48 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma were irradiated with or without chemotherapy and surgery. Patients ranged from 20-89 years of age (median, 68 years) and included 29 men and 19 women. The clinical T factors for these patients, according to the UICC classification (1997), were T2(n = 2), T3(n = 13), and T4(n = 29). Lymph node involvement was observed in 13 patients. The follow-upperiod ranged from 2.5 to 150 months (median, 25 months). The total radiotherapy dose ranged from 40 Gy to 72.8 Gy. Forty-three patients underwent surgery. Intra-arterial chemotherapy was delivered in 39 patients, and systemic chemotherapy was delivered in 7 patients. Fourteen patients were classified as "unresected" (radiation therapy with or without antrostomy), and 34 patients as "resected" (partial, total, or extended total maxillectomy with pre- or postoperativeirradiation). RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate(OS), cause-specific survival rate(CSS), and local control rate(LC) of all patients were 52%, 64%, and 75%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the "uaresected" and "resected" groups in OS, CSS, or LC. Local recurrence was observed in 12 patients. In the "resected" group, for local control, it was important to reduce viable tumor before maxillectomy. Preoperative > or = 60 Gy irradiation was considered to be effective to reduce tumor viability. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between the "unresected" and "resected" groups in OS, CSS, or LC. In the "resected" group, preoperative irradiation > or = 60 Gy was considered to be effective for local control. In radical treatment of maxillary sinus carcinoma, maxillectomy is not always necessary. Concurrent chemoradiation therapy with or without antrostomy is a reasonable treatment strategy.     

MR imaging of nonmalignant polyps and masses of the nasopharynx and sphenoid sinus after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The development of a new polyp or mass in the radiation field of a previously treated carcinoma is usually an ominous sign of a recurrent cancer, but rarely may it be caused instead by a nonmalignant process. The purpose of this study was to document the MR appearance of unusual nonmalignant polyps or masses (NMPMs) in the nasopharynx and sphenoid sinus arising after radiation treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR imaging reports of patients undergoing imaging after radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with unusual polyps and masses in the nasopharynx. The MR images of those patients with no evidence of malignancy on biopsy or follow-up were reviewed.RESULTS: The MR imaging reports of 1282 patients were reviewed, and 11 patients (1%) with NMPMs in the nasopharynx or sphenoid sinus were identified. Two patterns were identified: contrast enhancing nasopharyngeal polyps ranging in size from 1 to 5 cm (n = 5) and sphenoid sinus masses consisting of a nonenhancing mass filling a nonexpanded sinus (n = 4) and a heterogeneous enhancing mass expanding the sinus (n = 2). Osteoradionecrosis produced a large defect in the roof of the nasopharynx causing direct communication with the sphenoid sinus (n = 6). Histology revealed granulation tissue in all of the patients with variable amounts of fibrin and inflammatory cells. A direct infective etiology was not proved in any patient.CONCLUSION: NMPMs in the nasopharynx and sphenoid sinus are rare complications after radiation therapy to the skull base, but the radiologist needs to be aware of their appearance so that they can be considered in the differential diagnosis of suspected tumor recurrence.

The rapidly dividing cells in the mucosal membranes of the pharynx and paranasal sinuses are very sensitive to the effects of radiation. The severity of radiation damage after treatment of head and neck cancers is related to radiation dose and potentially is increased by the use of chemotherapy and altered fractionation schedules of radiation therapy.¹ The naso-pharynx and sphenoid sinus are especially vulnerable to the effects of radiation treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, because they receive the full radiation dose. Acute mucositis is a consistent clinically visible adverse effect during the standard course of radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. It starts around the second to third week of treatment and usually subsides several weeks after the end of treatment.² Likewise, acute radiation change can be seen on MR imaging. In the pharynx, these MR abnormalities often resolve, whereas in the paranasal sinuses there is a high incidence of persistent minor abnormalities, including mucosal thickening and fluid levels, months or years after treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.^3–5 Rarely a mucocele may form in the sphenoid sinus.⁶ However, there are some patients who go on to develop severe delayed radiation effects resulting in the formation of unusual nonmalignant polyps and masses (NMPMs) in the nasopharynx and sphenoid sinus. These radiation-induced injuries cause both clinical and radiologic problems with distinction from recurrent cancer, as well as being a cause of serious morbidity and even mortality. The aim of this study was to describe these abnormalities in patients undergoing MR imaging after radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

Radiotherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the major salivary glands

The authors conducted a retrospective study on 99 patients with malignant tumors of the major salivary glands, who had been treated by radiotherapy between 1976 and 1986: 86 cases of parotid tumors and 13 cases of submandibular gland tumors. Only 28 tumors (28%) were T1-T2, N0-N1. Local control, 3-5 and 8-year survival rates, and complications were considered. Radiation therapy alone was performed on 19 patients (19%), while combined surgical and radiation therapy was performed on 80 patients (80%). The results of radiation therapy alone and combined with surgery are discussed. Loco-regional disease control was obtained in 9 out of 19 patients (47%) by irradiation alone, and by combined irradiation and surgery in 60 out of 80 cases (75%). Distant metastases developed in 23 out of 99 patients (23%). Loco-regional metastases were the most frequent cause of death (20 out of 55 cases: 36%). Severe complications were extremely rare. The results demonstrate not only the advantages of combined treatment but also the value of radiotherapy alone in the treatment of tumors of the major salivary glands.     

Radical radiation therapy of the thoracic esophageal carcinoma supplemented with or without salvage surgery

From September 1977 to June 1985, 63 patients received radical radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka. Fourty-six of them received radiation therapy alone (RT) and 17 received surgical treatment after irradiation (RT-OP) due to local recurrence or residual tumor. In these groups, 38 of 46 in RT only group and twelve of 17 in RT-OP group were selected for radiotherapy because of high risk for surgery or T3 lesion. For RT only group, tumor response after irradiation was the most important prognostic factor and a statistically significant difference of survival rates was detected between complete response (CR) group and non-CR group. Among RT-OP group, there were three five-year survivors in CR group (n = 8) after irradiation while no five-year survivor in non-CR group (n = 9). Tumor response after radical radiation therapy seems to show the indication for the salvage surgery in high risk or T3 patient.     

化疗并后程加速超分割放疗中晚期食管癌

目的观察同期化疗并后程加速超分割放疗(后超组)和同期化疗并常规分割放疗治疗食管癌(常规组)的疗效和毒性,寻找更有效的局部控制率和降低远处转移率并提高生存率的治疗方法.方法选择病变长度≤12 cm、无远处转移证据的中晚期食管癌分后超组和常规组各40例.两组化疗方案相同.后超组放疗第1～28天,为常规分割放疗,缩野后行加速超分割放疗,总剂量为67 Gy/38次,共42 d.常规组放疗为全程常规分割放疗,总剂量为70 Gy/35次,共49 d.结果近期疗效后超组Ⅰ+Ⅱ级31例占77.5%,Ⅲ+Ⅳ级9例占22.5%,常规组Ⅰ+Ⅱ级22例占55.0%,Ⅲ+Ⅳ级18例占45.0%(P＜0.05).后超组和常规组1,2年局部控制率分别为77.14%、51.86%和55.21%、31.28%(P=0.049);后超组和常规组1,2年生存率分别为72.22%、48.64%和54.09%、27.33%(P=0.041).急性放射性食管炎后超组明显重于常规组,且持续时间长.白细胞下降、胃肠道不良反应及放射性肺炎两组比较,其差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论(1)同期化疗并后程加速超分割放疗的放射性食管炎虽有所增加,但多数患者能耐受;(2)同期化疗并后程加速超分割放疗较同期化疗并常规分割放射治疗提高了近期疗效、局控率及生存率.     

立体定向放射治疗配合靶向药物索拉非尼治疗复发

 目的 探讨γ-体部立体定向放射治疗（stereotactic body radiation therapy with γ-knife,γ-SBRT)配合靶向药物索拉非尼 (sorafenib)治疗复发及转移性肾癌的效果。 方法 2007-05至2009-05收治的肾癌术后复发及转移患者45例中 ,26例单纯行γ-SBRT,19例行γ-SBRT配合Sorafenib治疗,比较两组的有效率、局部控制率、生存率及生存质量改善情况。 结果 治疗后3个月总有效率为80.0%(36/45)。单纯γ-SBRT组的1年、2年局部控制率分别为42.3%(11/26)、 19.2% (5/26);中位生存12个月;1年、2年生存率分别为46.2％、19.2％。γ-SBRT+Sorafenib组的1年、2年局部控制率分 别为47.3%(18/19)、21.1%(4/19),中位生存18个月;1年、2年生存率分别为57.9％、26.3％。 结论 采用γ- 体部立体定向放疗结合靶向药物索拉非尼对复发及转移性肾癌进行治疗效果较好,不良反应轻微,多数患者能耐受治疗。     

鼻咽癌后程三维适形放疗与常规分割放疗的临床研究

目的探讨后程三维适形放疗（3D—CRT）与常规分割放疗（cv）治疗鼻咽癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法将符合入组条件的62例鼻咽鳞癌患者随机分为CF组和3D—CRT组各31例。两组均采用双侧面颈联合野对穿照射,200cGy／次,5次,周,鼻咽部剂量达36～40Gy后改为小面颈野或耳前野对穿避开脊髓继续照射;CF组继续用原分割方案照射至鼻咽部总量66—70Gy,3D—CRT组照射50Gy后改用三维适形放射治疗,3．5～4Gy／次,4次／周,连续5-6次,总剂量达76～81Gy。颈部淋巴结转移灶照射到68—70Gv,预防照射50Gy。结果3D—CItT组及CF组3、5年原发灶控制率分别为94％、74％和81％、48％（χ2=4．94,P=0．029）;生存率分别为90％、77％和81％、52％（χ2=4．80,P=0．032）。两组急性毒副反应及放射后遗症发生率差异无显著性（χ2=0．34、0．08,P=0．577、0．778）。结论后程三维适形放疗与常规分割放疗相比,提高了鼻咽癌3、5年局部控制率及生存率．而未增加急性毒性反应和放疗后遗症。     

缓释化疗粒子与三维适形放疗治疗晚期直肠癌的疗效比较

目的比较5-FU化疗粒子与三维适行放疗治疗晚期直肠癌的疗效。方法将84例晚期直肠癌患者随机等分为两组,A组行5-FU化疗粒子植入术;B组行三维适形放疗,分别观察1年生存率、并发症发生率及有效率。结果 (1)两组1年生存率分别为57.16%、45.83%;A组生存率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.29;P<0.05);(2)两组并发症发生率分别为14.29%、28.57%,A组并发症发生率低于B组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.81;P<0.05);(3)两组治疗后有效率分别为88.09%、76.19%,A组有效率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.42;P<0.05)。结论 5-FU化疗粒子植入术治疗晚期直肠癌疗效较好。