Congenital anomaly of the inferior vena cava with hemiazygos continuation. Ultrasonic diagnosis

Congenital anomaly of the inferior vena cava with hemiazygos continuation: ultrasonic diagnosis. We report a case of agenesis of the retro-hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava in an asymptomatic 18 year old woman, found on a routine chest-ray. This rare illness was suspected on the findings of conventional radiology and was assessed by ultrasonography that shows direct termination of hepatic veins in the right auricle, and the hemi-azygos vein behind the aorta. Our radiological and ultrasonographic findings are confirmed by the literature. In the absence of any clinical signs, CT-scan and MR Imaging were note used in investigations. Nevertheless their usefulness has been extensively reported by many authors. Cavography remains useful before surgery.     

Multiple cerebral aneurysms associated with left-sided inferior vena cava and hemiazygos continuation: a case report

A case of multiple saccular cerebral aneurysms in association with a left-sided inferior vena cava and hemiazygos continuation is presented. To our knowledge, this association has not previously been recorded in the literature.     

Right nutcracker syndrome associated with left-sided inferior vena cava,hemiazygos continuation and persistant left superior vena cava: a rare combination

The term nutcracker syndrome refers to compression of left renal vein between aorta and superior mesenteric artery causing renal venous hypertension. Right nutcracker syndrome associated with a left-sided inferior vena cava is an extremely rare anomaly. Reported two cases in English literature were diagnosed by ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography in adulthood. Herein, we present a case of right nutcracker syndrome with left-sided inferior vena cava and hemiazygos continuation in a 12-year-old girl.     

Isolated azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava.

Our case of azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava is very rare because there was no associated heart disease or abdominal situs inversus. The diagnosis of this anomaly of the inferior vena cava should be suspected by observation of a dilated azygos vein on the chest roentgenogram and confirmed by venography.     

Anomalous inferior vena cava associated with horseshoe kidneys

Two cases are presented in which anomalies of the inferior vena cava were associated with horseshoe kidneys. Radiological demonstration of such combined variation is rare, only one case of duplicated inferior vena cava with horseshoe kidney having been found in the literature. The embryological basis for these anomalies is reviewed. A possible explanation for their coexisting occurrence is also speculatively raised.     

Infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with portal continuation

Asymptomatic infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with portal continuation is described. The diagnosis was established by ultrasound and confirmed by inferior cavography and computed tomography. Hemodynamic studies showed portal hypertension due to increased blood flow through the liver.     

CT diagnosis of inferior vena cava anomalies. The azygos continuation

The azygos continuation is a rare variation of the inferior vena cava (IVC), usually associated with cardiac anomalies. We report CT in two female patients with no cardiac disease. One had no further visceral abnormalities, while the other had polysplenia agenesis of the left lobe and a hypertrophic right lobe of the liver. This complex of anomalies has been demonstrated for the first time by imaging. Our cases show the variation of anomalies associated with azygos continuation. When planning therapeutic procedures (for example cava filtration) these anomalies are relevant. CT is sufficient for their demonstration and in most cases there is no need for confirmation by invasive methods.     

Developmental interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos and hemiazygos substitution. Unusual radiographic features.

Two cases of left paraspinous density are presented. An inferior vena cava anomaly was not considered in the initial case, resulting in surgical exploration. The second case was diagnosed angiographically and surgery was avoided. The importance of considering this entity in the differential diagnosis of paraspinous masses is obvious, and venography should be performed to delineate the anatomy. Concurrent cardiac catheterization should be used to rule out associated lesions such as intracardiac shunts, since there is an increased association of such lesions with this anomaly.     

双下腔静脉伴左下腔静脉汇合半奇静脉及右肾静脉瘤1例

患者,女,33岁。因突发右腹部疼痛1天来我院就诊。B超提示右侧肾盂旁血管异常,临床怀疑主动脉夹层行胸腹主动脉CTA检查。     

Concurrent duplication and azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava

Duplication of the inferior vena cava and azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava arise from separate embryologic anlage. The former arises from persistence of both supracardinal veins and the latter from arrested development of the right subcardinal vein. Individually these entities are uncommon, but their occurrence together in one patient is exceedingly rare. A patient with both these anomalies of the venous system concurrently is described. This combination has been reported only once before in the radiologic literature.     

Anomalous inferior vena cava with lumbar vein thrombosis: CT diagnosis

A case of thrombosis of the ascending right lumbar vein in a patient with infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava and azygos-hemiazygos continuation is reported and the CT findings are described.