The mystery of altruism and transcultural nursing

Why do some individuals choose the professions they do? Is it for altruistic reasons? This article examines this question from the standpoints of sociobiology, evolutionary biology, game theory, and memetics. Implications for transcultural nursing are included. The Giger-Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model is presented as a nursing model and might explain altruism even beyond other models. An overview of the Giger-Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model is included.     

The Master of Medical Management (MMM) degree: an analysis of alumni perceptions

Innovation in health administration education stimulates administrators and faculty to identify unmet educational needs within the health sector. In 1997, the inaugural class of the Master of Medical Management (MMM) at Tulane University graduated, signaling an individual achievement for all graduates and an accomplishment in innovation and collaboration in health administration education. Tulane University, in partnership with The American College of Physician Executives (ACPE), designed a unique health administration degree to meet the distinctive needs of physicians serving in executive and managerial roles or seeking to serve in such roles in the future. Since 1997, there are nearly 700 MMM graduates who hail from Carnegie Mellon, Tulane University, and the University of Southern California. ACPE administered a survey to 500 MMM alumni in the fall of 2005. The response rate was 47% (235 of 500). The findings from this survey describe the reasons why physicians decided to enroll in the MMM, their experiences as MMM students, and their perceptions of how the MMM had an impact on their careers. Moreover, in this article, recommendations are offered related to the design and delivery of innovative educational programs for emerging disciplines within the health sector.     

更新护理观念 促进护理学科发展

随着新的医学模式的确立，护理学科的核心思想已从以疾病为中心的功能护理逐步发展为以病人为中心的整体护理阶段。其内涵：把病与病人，反生物学的病人与社会和心理学的人，把病人与其所处的环境，把病人从入院－出院－康复都作为一个整体，目前，我国护理工作主体仍处于以疾病为中心的护理思考指导下的功能制护理，局限了护理学科的发展，近年来，我国护理界引进了整体护理，并将其思想应用于临床护理工作中，进行了多方位探讨，旨     

我国社区护理相关论文定量分析研究

社区护理作为社区卫生服务的一部分,越来越多地进入人们的思考和实践领域,关于社区护理的论文也相涌而出。在数量浩大的社区护理相关文献中,为对我国社区护理相关研究有一个较为全面的了解,本研究利用中国期刊全文数据库检索到600篇社区护理相关文献,对其研究内容、方法、年代分布、资料来源、作者群体等进行了定量分析。     

The concept of communicative action: a contribution to nursing consultation

Nurses often adopt a mechanist view, perceiving the individual from a biological standpoint and giving little attention to psychological, historical and cultural aspects. This evidences the need for a more humane approach, in which the communication between nurses and health service users can be achieved with more comprehension and participation. The aim of this paper is to introduce the concepts of language and communication in nursing consultation, using as a theoretical and conceptual framework Jürgen Habermas' theory of universal pragmatism. In nurses' everyday routine, it is important to intermediate and adapt knowledge and technical skills with a view to effective performance in humanized care for individuals and the community. The dialogic practice, through reflexive and participative communicative action by nurses, is needed for more humane care.     

Suicide: a concept analysis

Background

Suicide is a national and global phenomenon with its rate increasing every year inspite of clinicians, policy makers and researchers grappling with suicide prevention and investing heavily in risk assessment, prevention and reduction. There seems to be a gap in the understanding of suicide and its associated behaviours.

Aim

The aim of this review was to undertake a concept analysis of suicide and behaviour.

Method

The Walker and Avant eight-step method was adopted. Search engines including Academic Search Elite, CINAHL, Ovid Online embracing Embase and Ovid Medline were utilised to access articles published in the last 10 years, written in English, with abstracts and full text.

Results

The concept of suicide require understanding of implicity and explicity of suicidal intent and how these relate to suicide behaviour. Areas of risk assessment such as thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness should be considered. Associated with suicide are internal and external hazards, which tend to create vulnerability leading to suicidal behaviour. Clinicians should differentiate between suicide in the presence of mental illness and when there is a predicament. Risk assessment tools should not be taken as absolute as they do not provide 100 % detection of intent.

Conclusion

Understanding the concept of suicide would help clinicians comprehend their patients and suicidal behaviour and improve intervention methods.

     

Construction of a nursing care concept: contribution for undergraduate nursing education

The purpose of this research was to construct a nursing care concept, based on the understanding of nurses and students from an undergraduate course. This is a qualitative study. A focus group was used to construct a nursing care concept for use in undergraduate teaching. The research was carried out at Faculdade Católica Rainha do Sert?o in Quixadá, CE, Brazil, from August to December 2007. Three categories emerged from the process: the understanding of the care concept, nursing care and the meaning of care. The constructed concept involved attitudes of awareness, ethics, zeal, solidarity and love, which express a "know-how" based on science, art, ethics and esthetics, directed at individual, family and community needs.     

Black hypertension: A transcultural case study using the Betty Neuman model of nursing care

A case study approach was used to study a 36‐year‐old Southern black female for several weeks following a hypertensive crisis episode. The purpose of the study was to establish trust and understanding between the culturally different black client and white nurse. The Betty Neuman model of nursing care was used in developing an ethnocare plan for the subject. Cultural Stressors identified were: (1) obesity and dietary habits, evidence of the “soul food”; diet and salt, saturated fats, and cholesterol; (2) smoking, used as a coping mechanism when under self‐perceived stress; (3) noncom‐pliance in taking hypertensive drugs, which reflects cultural beliefs and feelings; (4) lack of understanding about the disease process, an example of cultural difference in language and beliefs; (5) inability to be a biological mother (the ability to produce children is perceived by the black culture as necessary to the fulfillment of the woman's role); and (6) living in a hostile environment. The ethnocare plan addressed each of these Stressors and was designed to fit this client's individual perception of nursing care and its value to her.     

医疗服务中顾客满意度的概念与评估

医疗服务市场的开放及医疗费用的上涨使病人在对医疗服务机构的选择上开始给予更多的关注。让顾客满意已成为继质量、价格之后的另一重要竞争因素。文章主要阐述了医疗服务中顾客满意度的含义、测量步骤以及研究顾客满意度的现实意义。     

临床护理发展趋势浅析

近年来,人们健康观念的转变导致护理模式发生根本性变革。现代护理发展趋势,将日益呈现出开放性、多元化、系统化、人性化等特征。因此,对护理人员综合质素提出了更高的要求。本文对护理发展趋势及其对护理人员相关素质要求进行了综述。     

Spirituality in medical education: a concept analysis

Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - Spirituality in medical education is an abstract multifaceted concept, related to the healthcare system. As a significant dimension of health, the importance...     

关于健康社会下的护理产业发展分析

根据国务院和卫生计生委提出的促进健康服务业发展、改善护理服务和健康产业加快发展的需要以及近年来对我国人口、社会、经济发展现状的探索,目的在于:(1)对护理产业进行初步探讨。(2)改善我国护理行业人口不足和现有护理资源分配不合理问题;(3)提出大护理概念,满足我国日益增长的特殊人群护理需求,扩大优质护理服务面;(4)探讨护理产业化,建立护理产业集群的可行性,为护理产业的建立发展做出初步探讨。     

The meaning of illness in nursing practice: a philosophical model of communication and concept possession

It is fundamental assumption in nursing theory that it is important for nurses to understand how patients experience states of ill health. This assumption is often related to aims of empathic understanding, but normative principles of social interpretation can have an important action‐guiding role whenever nurses seek to understand patients’ subjective horizons on the basis of active or passive expressions of meaning. The aim of this article is to present a philosophical theory of concept possession and to argue that it can shed light on how nurses should seek to understand patients’ subjective perspectives on the meaning of illness. The two basic ideas in the theory are that patients’ beliefs and thoughts about their experiences involve concepts and that concepts can be communicated on the basis of shared implicit conceptions of what they mean. These conditions of understanding have a striking application: nurse‐patient communication is limited by many contextual factors, but it is often possible for nurses to detect shared implicit conceptions of the meaning of concepts of disease and illness. Furthermore, by acting as sympathetic linguistic experts and creating an atmosphere for dialogue, nurses can make patients feel comfortable about deferring to medical explanations of meaning that can constitute a communicative platform. The last part of the article uses a number of cases studies to show how these implications can be implemented as conceptual tools for securing meaningful communication about illness experiences in patient dialogue.