生物学固定骨小梁金属杯在髋臼翻修中的应用

[目的] 针对初次固定臼杯松动,其所需髋臼翻修选用何种材料和固定方式为佳,尚无定论.本研究肯定了设计新颖的组配式骨小梁金属杯的早期效果.[方法]自2006年4月-2006年11月期间本院对16例髋臼假体翻修病人使用了骨小梁金属杯,共计16髋,女9人,男7人,平均69.2岁.每个病人术前及术后6个月、1、2年进行Harris髋关节(HHS)评分、UCLA(university of california Los angeles)评分及骨盆前后位片的拍摄.所有病人随访的临床及影像学资料完整.[结果]术后随访18～25个(平均24个月),Harris评分由翻修前的21～54分(平均32.6分)增加到术后的56～90分(平均87.5分),UCLA评分由翻修前的2～5分(平均3.8分)增加到术后的6～9分(平均8.2分),无假体移位及下沉等不稳迹象,骨小梁金属杯周围骨质内向长入.[结论]初次用骨水泥固定人工髋臼杯失败的病例,若无骨缺损,翻修时使用骨小梁金属杯可以获得良好的早期效果.     

单纯聚乙烯内衬更换在髋关节翻修手术中的应用

目的探讨聚乙烯内衬磨损而髋臼金属杯仍然同定良好者进行单纯髋臼内衬更换的技术和疗效。方法瑞金医院徉2003年2月至2007年3月期间,对16例HGⅡ型髋关节进行单纯内衬翻修手术,患者平均年龄63岁（51～82岁）,距离初次手术时间平均6．2年（3～8年）。5例出现髋臼内衬脱位,3例出现髋臼金属假体周围骨吸收。术前Harris评分81．7分（56～91分）。所有患者术中取出磨损髋臼内衬后,清除髋门内肉芽组织后,用骨水泥同定新的聚乙烯假体。3例假体周围骨吸收患者通过金属假体螺钉孔对缺损区域进行了异体骨打压植骨。结果16例髋关节术后随访2—6年,X线检查聚乙烯-骨水泥-金属杯界面没有松动迹象。3例髋臼金属杯周围植骨患者植骨愈合。随访中未发现感染及髋关节脱佗。髋关节了Harris评分87．6分（76～92分）。结论单纯聚乙烯内衬翻修具有手术操作简单、避免了金属杯取出继发髋臼骨缺损的优点。术后随访湿示患者功能恢复良好、聚乙烯假体固定牢固。     

辐照深冻异体骨打压植骨在髋臼翻修中的应用

目的 研究辐照深冻异体骨用于髋臼翻修中严重骨缺损的打压植骨重建的临床效果.方法 2006年2月至2009年1月髋关节翻修术中共有20例21髋应用打压植骨技术结合金属网重建严重髋臼侧骨缺损,18例19髋获得随访.患者翻修时平均年龄为64.4岁(43～81岁).采用Paprosky分型,本组患者均有髋臼骨缺损,其中PaproskyⅡB型4髋,PaproskyⅡC型8髋,PaproskyⅢA型5髋,PaproskyⅢB型2髋.手术用金属网修复髋臼节段性缺损,采用辐照深冻同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合骨水泥臼杯完成髋臼翻修.患者术后定期进行影像学和临床评估,观察手术前后髋关节Harris评分变化,假体移位松动及异体骨骨整合情况,及术中、术后并发症等.术前Harris评分平均42.5分(31～56分).术前疼痛评分平均14.4分(10～20分).结果 患者平均随访时间22.4个月(12～48个月).术后Harris评分提高到88.6分(82～96分).术后疼痛评分提高至平均42.3分(40～44分).并发症:术后感染1例,经清创愈合.股神经损伤1例,术后1年随访时已恢复正常.1例患者术后出现股骨近端外侧皮质吸收,大粗隆骨折.有1例Paprosky ⅢB型患者出现金属网及髋臼杯明显移位等影像学松动表现,其余18髋的髋臼假体稳定,未发现臼杯在垂直和水平方向大于1 mm的移位,也未发现髋臼假体外展角的改变;植骨层和宿主骨床可见连续骨小梁通过、移植骨与周围骨床骨密度趋向一致等骨整合表现.结论 金属网与打压植骨及骨水泥髋臼技术联合应用能有效地完成髋臼的生物学翻修.辐照深冻异体骨用于打压植骨能与周围骨床很好的整合.     

二期翻修治疗人工全髋关节置换术后感染的中期疗效评估

目的对全髋关节置换术后感染行二期翻修术治疗的患者进行中期的随访,并进行疗效评估。方法自2004年1月～2007年12月,本组采用二期翻修术治疗人工髋关节术后感染22例（22髋）。一期手术彻底清创,取出感染假体,置入抗生素骨水泥间隔器;二期手术植入骨水泥型或非骨水泥型假体。以感染复发率、疼痛评分（VAS评分）、髋关节功能评分（Harris评分）评估术后疗效。结果平均随访周期为（6．6±1．8）年（5～8年）,22例患者均未发现感染复发、假体松动和脱位等。治疗前VAS评分平均为7．2分（5—9．1分）,一期手术后VAS评分平均为3．8分（1．2～5．3分）,最后一次随访时VAS评分平均为1．2分（0—3．2分）。治疗前Harris评分平均为36．4分（20～49分）,一期手术后Harris评分平均为56．3分（40～66分）,最后随访时Harris评分平均为84．2分（72—93分）。结论使用抗生素骨水泥间隔器二期翻修术中期随访控制感染效果显著,为全髋置换术后感染提供了有效治疗途径。     

髋臼加强杯在髋臼翻修术中的应用

目的 观察髋臼加强杯在髋臼翻修手术中巨大髋臼骨缺损修复中的应用疗效.方法 2003年2月至2008年10月对12例在翻修术中存在严重髋臼骨缺损的患者采用植骨与髋臼加强杯重建髋臼骨缺损后固定假体.手术前、后情况进行临床评估及影像学评估.术前骨缺损分类按Paprosky分型:ⅡB型2例,ⅢA型6例,ⅢB型4例.术前Harris评分平均为35.2分.结果 术后所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间37个月(9～71个月);术后第一次随访时Harris评分平均为80.9分,末次随访时平均84.6分.术后假体无松动或断裂.有1例患者翻修术后6个月于髋臼Delee&Chamley Ⅲ区出现轻度放射线透亮带,但继续随访未进展.未出现假体失败而需要再次翻修病例.结论 采用髋臼加强杯联合植骨技术可有效修复髋臼骨缺损,重建髋臼结构稳定性,中短期随访疗效可靠.     

应用非骨水泥髋臼或金属髋臼支架行髋关节翻修术的临床研究

目的 评估非骨水泥髋臼及金属髋臼支架加植骨修复髋臼骨缺损的效果.方法 我院自2001年9月至2008年9月应用髋臼翻修支架行髋关节翻修术22例(24髋).其中Lima非骨水泥人工翻修髋臼2例(2髋),Kerboull 支架2例(2髋),GAP 髋臼翻修支架18例(20髋).男性6例(6髋),女性16例(18髋).平均年龄62岁(34～79岁).感染性松动2例(2髋),无菌松动20例(22髋).平均随访时间48个月(18～84个月),对其进行临床和影像学评估.Harris评分术前平均为56分(44～75分).结果 末次随访时22例患者Harris评分平均为89分(78～94分).优良率为95.5%(21/22).三种髋臼翻修支架的外展角满意,髋臼旋转中心基本得到了重建.髋臼翻修支架及其聚氯乙烯臼无明显移位,假体周围无透亮线,髋臼植骨愈合良好.结论 应用非骨水泥髋臼或髋臼支架修复髋臼侧巨大骨缺损,重建了髋臼正常旋转中心、提供了翻修假体的初期稳定性、避免了所植骨在血管化时期的过度机械负重,是翻修髋臼巨大骨缺损的可靠方法.     

人工全髋关节置换术中自体骨重建髋臼骨缺损的临床研究

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术中用自体结构性植骨重建髋臼骨缺损的疗效。方法患者共26例29髋,自体股骨头植骨23髋、自体髂骨取骨6髋。骨缺损以打磨的髋臼假体骨床半球面积计算,骨缺损最大者有1602mm2,最小390mm2,平均每例缺损874mm2。全部采用非骨水泥型髋臼假体、2～3枚螺钉固定髋臼假体。临床评价采用Harris评分,X线观察移植骨愈合、骨和假体间骨长入和髋臼假体的稳定情况等。结果随访6个月～8年6个月,平均随访时间为（4.2±1.7）年,本组Harris评分平均从（52.2±16.7）分提高到（86.7±6.2）分（P〈0.05）。所有病例髋臼假体稳定、周围无放射透亮影,假体髋臼骨面均有骨长入,移植骨愈合。X线片显示移植骨愈合时间3～6个月,平均为5.1个月。本组尚无术后翻修病例。结论采用自体骨进行结构性植骨或混合少量异体骨重建髋臼顶、前和后侧壁缺损（AAOS）髋臼缺损中Ⅱ、Ⅲ型缺损）,经过近中期随访,移植骨全部愈合良好,获得满意的疗效。     

人工髋关节置换术后5年内翻修的原因分析及处理方法

目的 探讨初次髋关节置换术后早期翻修的原因和防治方法.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年6月55例行人工髋关节翻修术患者的资料,其中术后5年内(含5年)翻修11例,翻修原因及翻修方式为:髋臼假体位置不良导致复发性脱位2例,手术调整髋臼假体位置;髋臼假体松动5例,翻修髋臼和(或)股骨假体;术后早期股骨假体周围骨折2例,行骨折复位固定;股骨头磨损髋臼1例,行全髋翻修;感染1例,行二期手术翻修.术前和术后随访采用Harris评分评估髋关节功能.术前Harris评分平均46分(28～62分).结果 本组随访时间16～76个月,平均36个月.术后Harris评分提高至平均86分(75～96分).术后出现并发症2例:1例术后局部血肿形成,4周后需再次手术清理血肿;1例术后关节不稳,经适当牵引制动后关节不稳定现象消失.无感染、深静脉血栓、主要血管和神经损伤等并发症发生.结论 初次髋关节置换早期翻修主要原因与髋臼假体处理、假体选择和安放技术不当有关,因此提高髋臼假体安放的手术技术有助于改善人工髋关节的疗效.     

人工智能术前规划系统辅助人工全髋关节置换术后翻修手术的疗效研究

目的 探究人工智能术前规划系统（AIHIP系统）辅助髋关节翻修手术的早期疗效。方法 回顾分析2019年6月—2023年3月收治且符合选择标准的22例（23髋）髋关节翻修患者临床资料。其中男12例,女10例;年龄44～90岁,平均69.7岁。初次翻修19髋,2次翻修3髋,3次翻修1髋。翻修原因：假体松动12髋,髋臼杯松动4髋,骨溶解3髋,髋臼脱位2髋,术后感染1髋,假体磨损1髋。Paprosky髋臼骨缺损分期：ⅡA期6髋,ⅡB期9髋,ⅡC期4髋,ⅢA期3髋,ⅢB期1髋。记录患者更换假体型号、手术时间、住院时间、下地情况等,以及术后感染、骨折、假体松动等不良事件发生情况。术前、术后1周及6个月采用Harris评分评价患肢功能,比较术前及术后6个月髋关节活动度。结果 患者手术时间85～510 min,平均241.8 min;住院时间7～35 d,平均15.2 d;脱离助行器时间2～108 d,平均42.2 d。22例患者均获随访,随访时间8～53个月,平均21.7个月。除1例患者术后出现大腿血肿、1髋发生髋关节脱位外,余患者均无假体松动、感染等不良事件发生。术后髋臼杯型号匹配程度为完全匹配2...     

Zweymuller螺旋臼假体治疗类风湿关节炎股骨头中心性脱位的临床研究

目的探讨使用Zweymuller螺旋臼假体治疗类风湿关节炎（RA）髋臼骨缺损中股骨头中心性脱位的临床疗效。方法 自2004年6月至2009年10月,26例（27髋）RA髋臼中心性脱位患者,其中男3例（4髋）,女23例（23髋）,平均年龄52岁（37～62岁）,使用螺旋臼治疗,术中有4例行髋臼底部植骨。结果 平均随访6个月～6年3个月,术前Harris评分30.5分,术后平均84分,术后均未发现假体松动,1例出现假体早期感染,予以抗生素治疗6周后好转。结论 RA股骨头中心性脱位使用Zweymuller螺旋臼治疗,可以或不需在臼底植骨,中期稳定性良好。     

钽金属臼杯重建髋臼骨缺损的近期疗效

 目的 探讨应用钽金属臼杯对不同类型髋臼骨缺损进行重建的近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析2009年8月至2012年4月在全髋关节置换术中使用钽金属臼杯重建髋臼骨缺损的连续21例患者的病例资料,男6例,女15例;年龄24~78岁,平均(53.7±16.2)岁。初次全髋关节置换5例：Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良2例、髋关节感染后遗高位脱位畸形2例、类风湿关节炎1例;全髋关节翻修16例：全髋关节置换术后感染二期翻修2例、髋臼金属炎性假瘤3例、假体无菌性松动11例。骨缺损Paprosky分型Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱa型4例,Ⅱb型5例,Ⅱc型1例,Ⅲa型1例,Ⅲb型1例。观察术后髋臼假体周围透光线、假体位置、生存率、并发症及Harris髋关节评分。结果 全部病例随访6~40个月,平均20.1个月。末次随访时PaproskyⅠ型患者的Harris髋关节评分(87.2±7.4)分,高于术前(41.1±6.3)分;Ⅱ型(79.8±11.8)分,高于术前(38.4±12.5)分;Ⅲ型为79分,高于术前24分。随访期间钽金属臼杯固定良好,未出现松动及移位,假体生存率100%。按照Anderson骨长入影像学评价标准,髋臼杯均出现不同程度骨长入。1例于DeLee-Charnley髋臼3区出现透光线,4个月后消失;1例于髋臼1区出现假体周围间隙,随访6个月未进展。1例于术后4周出现后脱位。结论 应用钽金属臼杯重建PaproskyⅠ、Ⅱ型髋臼骨缺损,能实现早期与宿主骨整合,近期疗效好。     

Azetabuläre Revisionsoperationen mit der längsovalen Revisionspfanne

Background

Deficiencies of the acetabular bone stock are an increasing and challenging problem in revision hip surgery. The LOR oblong revision cup is a valuable option in revision hip surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes with the LOR revision cup in hips with acetabular bone deficiency, analyze the complications, and identify predictors of survival rate.

Patients and methods

From 1996 to 2002, 217 revision surgeries were performed with LOR cups. The mean patient age at operation was 67.5 years (range 29-87 years). The mean postoperative follow-up was 4 years (range 4–100 months). The patients were evaluated clinically and with the Harris hip score (HHS), UCLA score, and WOMAC index. A continuous radiographic assessment was done to detect heterotopic ossifications and radiolucencies or loosening on the basis of the Mayo hip score. Predictors of survival rate were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis.

Results

Twenty-four patients (7.4%) died during the study period. Seven patients (3.1%) had revisions because of aseptic loosening and two patients (0.9%) because of infection. Clinical assessment at follow-up showed a significantly improved mean HHS from 45 points preoperatively to 78 points postoperatively. At the most recent follow-up, patients with a body mass index below 30 or those classified as Charnley A had a significantly better HHS. Because of migration on the latest radiographs, revision was indicated in 4.8% of the cases. The survival rate of all LOR implants based on implant removal was 96% after 40 months and 87% after 80 months. Based on radiographic evidence of loosened implants, the survival rate was 94% after 40 months and 79% after 80 months. Patients with more than two revisions had reduced implant survivorship compared with those having one or two revisions. The factors “age at operation”, “gender”, “obesity”, “ASA score”, “Charnley score”, and “activity according to the UCLA score” did not influence the survival rate.

Conclusion

We recommend this component in revision surgery on the basis of satisfactory clinical and radiological results at a mean of 48 months of follow-up. We identified the number of revisions as a predictor of survival rate.     

金属对金属髋关节表面置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎的临床研究

目的探讨金属对金属(MOM)髋关节表面置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)的早期临床疗效。方法对18例AS累及髋关节患者(23髋)行MOM髋关节表面置换术,术后定期随访,比较手术前后Harris评分、UCLA活动评分和影像学变化。结果术后平均随访20个月(6～36个月),Harris评分由术前(44±7)分上升到术后(89±6)分,UCLA活动评分由术前(2.4±1.15)分上升到术后(6.5±0.5)分,无感染、关节脱位、深静脉血栓形成、神经损伤和假体周围骨折等并发症的发生,术后X线检查假体无松动和移位。结论 MOM髋关节表面置换术治疗AS能够明显缓解患者症状,改善关节功能。     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折后创伤性关节炎的疗效观察

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折后髋关节创伤性骨关节炎的疗效。方法本组共随访髋臼骨折后髋关节创伤性骨关节炎患者32例32髋,男20例,女12例,平均年龄45.3岁。本组患者全部行人工全髋关节置换术治疗。所有假体均采用生物型假体。采用Harris、UCLA评分对患者术前术后的髋关节功能进行评分,拍摄标准双髋正位片对假体状态进行影像学评估。结果本组患者平均随访26个月,Harris评分由术前42.5分增加到术后93.6分,UCLA评分由术前3.2分增加到术后8.1分,改变有统计学差异。影像学评估显示假体位置良好,无假体松动、关节脱位、感染及明显假体周围骨溶解等并发症。结论全髋关节置换是治疗髋臼骨折后创伤性关节炎的有效治疗手段,术中尽量采用生物型假体,近期随访结果令人满意。     

Ten-year results with the Morscher press-fit cup: an uncemented, non-modular, porous-coated cup inserted without screws

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) with well designed cementless acetabular implants has shown excellent results. The purpose of this study was to assess our clinical and radiological outcomes using an uncemented cup. We conducted a prospective cohort study including all consecutive primary THAs performed with the Morscher press-fit cup, an uncemented non-modular acetabular component, between March 1996 and December 1998. Patients were evaluated at ten years with clinical and radiological follow-up, patient satisfaction and questionnaire assessment using the Harris hip score (HHS), Merle d’Aubigné and Postel score, the UCLA score, the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) and a visual analog scale. Five hundred sixty-one THAs were performed in 518 patients. At 120 months (± 7.3 months), 303 patients with 335 THAs were still available for follow-up. None of the patients had required cup revision for aseptic loosening. At ten years, the cup survivorship was 98.8% (95% CI 97.4–99.5) with cup revision for any cause as an endpoint. No radiolucencies were seen around the cups, but osteolytic defects involved 21 stems (8.3%). Mean total linear polyethylene wear was 0.9 mm. The Morscher acetabular replacement cup provides excellent results at ten years. There were no revisions for aseptic loosening of the cup, and no osteolytic defects were found around the cup. Patient satisfaction was high and the clinical results were very good.     

Massive structural allograft in revision of septic hip arthroplasty

We reviewed 10 patients who had undergone two-stage reconstruction with massive structural allografts following failure of hip arthroplasty due to infection. The mean follow-up time was more than 5 years (range 3-10 years). There was no case of the infection recurring. The most common pathogen isolated at the time of first-stage surgery was Stalphylococcus epidermnidis. The mean preoperative modified Harris Hip score was 27.4 (range 9-58) and the mean postoperative score was 73.5 (range 53-92) with a mean increase in the score of 46.1 points. One patient required revision of the acetabular cup for aseptic loosening and another had a dislocation, which was stable after manual reduction. We conclude that the use of a massive structural allograft in revision of septic hip arthroplasty is a viable option.     

人工全髋关节翻修术中骨缺损的处理

目的研究全髋关节翻修术中骨缺损的处理方法。方法1990年12月至1999年6月对16例一期行金属-聚乙烯假体全髋关节置换术失败患者行全髋关节翻修术。处理髋臼骨缺损的方式包括：（1）髂骨填充骨缺损（3例）,（2）骨水泥填充骨缺损（5例）,（3）异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合金属网重建髋臼（8例）,后两种方式均属骨水泥型。16例行全髋关节翻修术患者全部行髋臼翻修,其中10例同时行股骨柄翻修。所有患者均进行临床和影像学随访。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间4．1～7．7年,平均5．9年。Harris评分由全髋关节翻修术前的范围,62-75分,平均68分,升至术后的90—94分,平均91分。随访中均未出现假体旁透亮线、假臼杯水平或垂直移位和骨溶解等征象。共有4例出现并发症,包括异位骨化2例,脱位2例,无一例发生感染。结论有效修复髋臼骨缺损,进行髋部骨性结构的重建,是全髋关节翻修术成败的关键。     

Total hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 30 years of age following developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) in infancy

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in young patients is a controversial subject, due to the high failure rates reported in the literature, and even more so in patients with a history of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). A group of 11 patients, all under the age of 30 years at the time of surgery, underwent THA due to congenital dislocation of the hip. Mean age at the time of operation was 23.3 years (range 16-30 years). The mean follow-up period was 9 years (range 3-14 years). The mean preoperative Harris' hip score (HHS) was 56.9 compared with the postoperative HHS of 90.6. Due to aseptic loosening of the cup, 4 patients underwent successful revision arthroplasty. These encouraging medium-term results in our patients suggest that THA may be a good solution for young patients suffering from coxarthrosis due to DDH, at least temporarily, especially when other alternatives, such as arthrodesis or resection arthroplasty, are considered.     

Porous tantalum shells and augments for acetabular cup revisions

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate early functional results of revision hip arthroplasty with pelvic bone loss revised with porous tantalum (PT) acetabular components.

Methods

Twenty-five consecutive patients (25 hips) with loose acetabular components after total hip arthroplasty with a minimum of Paprosky IIa pelvic bone loss treated with PT cups with and without modular augments were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Harris hip score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities scores. Mean follow-up was 20.5 months and no patient was lost during follow-up.

Results

The average Harris hip score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities scores improved from 40 and 36 preoperatively to 79 and 73 postoperatively, respectively. No statistically significant differences in functional outcome scores were found between the group with moderate (Paprosky IIa, b) and severe (Paprosky IIc or more) acetabular bone loss. At the most recent radiographic evaluation, 24 cups demonstrated no lucent lines and 1 cup had lucent lines but remained well fixed. One cup was revised for traumatic dislocation but was found well fixed at open reduction. There were no septic or aseptic failures in this series.

Conclusion

While awaiting longer-term follow-up studies, trabecular metal components show sufficient primary stability and appear suitable for revision hip arthroplasty with acetabular bone loss.     

髋臼骨折的全髋关节置换术治疗

目的探讨全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗髋臼骨折的手术技术及近期疗效。方法1998年10月至2005年6月,本组采用THA治疗髋臼骨折合并创伤性髋关节骨关节炎患者27例28髋,其中13例初期采用切开复位内固定治疗,14例初期采用保守治疗。术前骨折分型（根据Letoumel—Judet分型系统）：后壁骨折（16例）,横行骨折（1例）,后柱＋后壁骨折（3例）,横行＋后壁骨折（4例）,T形骨折（1例）,双柱骨折（3例）。根据Harris髋关节评分系统分别对术前和术后疼痛程度、髋关节功能及活动度进行综合评分。结果随访资料完备者23例患者（24髋）,随访时间5—78个月,平均24．7个月。术前Harris髋关节评分21-76分,平均50．1分;术后评分56～100分,平均90．2分．较术前有显著性提高（P〈0．001）。其中18例优秀,4例良好,1例一般,1例较差。术前髋关节疼痛评分10—40分,平均24．6分;术后评分30—44分,平均41．1分。各有1例骨水泥型和非骨水泥型臼杯周围出现非连续性透亮带但未伴假体下沉或移位表现。术后未出现关节脱位、深部感染、严重异位骨化、医源性坐骨神经损伤或原有神经症状加重、下肢深静脉栓塞或肺栓塞等并发症。至最后一次随访尚无翻修患者。结论针对髋臼骨折合并创伤性髋关节骨关节炎患者施行THA,可有效缓解疼痛,改善髋关节功能及活动度且并发症少见。