经皮腔内血管成形和支架植入术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄

目的　探讨经皮腔内血管成形和支架植入术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄的效果和安全性。方法　 2 0 0 3年 4月至 2 0 0 4年 6月间 ,2 8例椎基底动脉狭窄患者进行了经皮腔内血管成形和支架植入术治疗。结果　 2 8例患者 ,18例为优势侧椎动脉狭窄 ,4例为双侧椎动脉狭窄 ,3例为一侧椎动脉狭窄、对侧椎动脉闭塞 ,1例为串联狭窄 ,2例为基底动脉狭窄。狭窄段位于椎动脉开口 7例 ,位于颈部椎动脉 2例 ,位于颅内段 17例。MoriA型病变 2 4例 ,B型病变 3例 ,C型病变 1例。全组技术成功率 10 0 % ,术前2 8例平均狭窄率为 81.3% ,术后残余狭窄率均 <10 % ,(P <0 .0 1)。所有病例在围手术期内均未发生严重并发症。本组随访 17例患者 ,时间为 6个月 ,Malek评分为 1分者 15例 ,2分者 2例。DSA脑血管造影复查 3例均未见支架内再狭窄。结论　经皮腔内血管成形和支架植入术是治疗椎基底动脉供血不足 ,预防椎基底动脉系统卒中的安全、有效方法 ;近期预后良好     

复杂性椎-基底动脉重度狭窄介入治疗临床分析

目的 探讨支架置入血管成形术治疗复杂性椎-基底动脉狭窄的可行性、安全性及疗效.方法 2003年11月至2007年12月对5例复杂性多发椎-基底动脉重度狭窄患者进行了支架置入血管成形术治疗.结果 5例患者中,一侧椎动脉闭塞4例,另1例双侧椎动脉起始部重度狭窄.治疗侧椎动脉起始部重度狭窄合并椎动脉颅内段及基底动脉狭窄4例,另1例椎动脉颅内段及基底动脉多发重度狭窄.狭窄率80%～95%,狭窄段长度10～20 mm.支架植入手术全部成功,血管残余狭窄均小于20%,技术成功率为100%.术后全部患者椎-基底动脉供血不足症状均消失.本组5例患者术后6～12个月分别行DSA检查随访,均未发现再狭窄,近期疗效满意.结论 支架置入血管成形术是治疗椎-基底动脉供血不足,预防椎-基底动脉系统卒中的安全、有效方法,近期预后良好.     

经皮血管内治疗症状性颅内脑动脉狭窄

目的　研究对症状性颅内脑动脉狭窄进行血管内治疗的可行性和安全性。方法　 19例症状性颅内脑动脉狭窄患者接受了内支架成形术或球囊成形术治疗。结果　本组MoriA型病变 12例 ,B组病变 5例 ,C型病变 2例 ;狭窄位于大脑中动脉 11例、大脑前动脉 1例、颅内颈内动脉 1例、颅内椎基底动脉 6例。在球囊成形术 (3例 )和内支架成形术 (16例 )后 ,平均动脉狭窄率从 82 .9%下降到8.0 % (P <0 .0 1)。在围手术期内 ,除 1例 (左大脑中动脉MoriC型病变 )发生蛛网膜下腔出血、死亡外 ,余无严重并发症发生。存活的 18例平均随访 3.7个月 (1～ 9个月 ) ,未发生缺血性神经事件。结论　内支架成形术或球囊成形术是治疗症状性颅内脑动脉狭窄有效的方法 ,但安全性尚需进一步研究 ,C型病变应当视为禁忌证。     

经皮血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄

目的探讨经血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的适应证、疗效及安全性。方法应用经皮血管内支架成形术对13例经内科药物治疗无效的症状性椎基底动脉狭窄进行治疗。结果13例患者术前狭窄为(76.15±15.11)%,术后狭窄为(3.69±3.04)%。围手术期无并发症,术后无缺血性脑卒中发作,随访8~12个月,10例症状完全消失,2例症状较术前明显好转,偶尔有头晕,1例症状改善(DSA显示多段狭窄,左侧大脑后动脉闭塞,小脑后下动脉显影差)。结论症状性椎基底动脉狭窄患者,内科治疗无效时,经皮血管内支架成形术是一种安全有效的微创治疗手段,可以缓解椎基底动脉狭窄患者的脑缺血症状,预防脑卒中的发生。     

颅内椎基底动脉狭窄的支架成形术治疗

目的　初步总结血管内支架成形术治疗颅内椎基底动脉狭窄的经验 ,探讨治疗的可行性、安全性及有效性 ,分析技术要点和围手术期处理。方法　 2 2例 2 3个颅内椎基底动脉狭窄进行了支架植入扩张成形治疗 ,其中颅内段椎动脉狭窄 10个 ,基底动脉狭窄 13个 ,术前平均狭窄程度 (72 .4±11.3 ) % (5 0 %～ 90 % ) ,平均狭窄长度 (6.8± 3 .1)mm(3～ 12mm) ,植入球囊扩张支架 2 3枚 ,作临床及造影随访。结果　 2 3个狭窄支架植入均成功 ,狭窄率降低到 (9.3± 5 .2 ) % ,无夹层动脉瘤、血管破裂、支架内急性闭塞并发症 ,手术造成缺血性小卒中 1例 (4.5 % ) ,无死亡。临床随访 3～ 2 4个月 ,无脑缺血性事件发生 ,血管造影随访 10例 ,无再狭窄发生。结论　症状性颅内椎基底动脉狭窄的血管内支架成形治疗是一种有效、安全的方法 ,但远期结果仍需要进一步随访     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的：探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的可行性及疗效。材料和方法：对27例症状性颅内动脉狭窄行血管内支架成形术,其中颈内动脉颅内段狭窄8例、大脑中动脉狭窄11例、基底动脉狭窄1例和椎动脉颅内段狭窄7处。结果：27例中,支架成形术成功26例(96．3%),狭窄程度从术前76．3±10．1%降至术后8．2±6．9%。其中1例因颈内动脉虹吸段过度迂曲导致支架植入失败,2例术后24h内发生颅内出血,1例术后发生支架内血栓再形成,无手术死亡。22例随访0．5～1a(平均7．5个月),无缺血性脑卒中发生。结论：血管内支架成形术是治疗颅内动脉狭窄的有效方法,具有较高的成功率及一定的安全性,但长期疗效有待于进一步随访。     

金属裸支架与药物洗脱支架在治疗症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄与急性闭塞中的应用

目的评价金属裸支架(bare metal stent,BMS)与药物洗脱支架(drug eluting stent,DES)治疗症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄与急性闭塞的安全性、有效性和中短期疗效并作初步比较。方法对2005年3月至2008年1月收治的25例症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄与急性闭塞患者行血管内球囊支架成形治疗。结果25例患者成功植入28枚球囊支架,其中BMS15枚,DES13枚。植入椎动脉支架25枚,基底动脉支架3枚(其中2枚为基底动脉急性闭塞经溶栓后植入)。血管平均狭窄程度从治疗前的平均81.4%(50%～95%)降低到6.3%(0%～15%)。22例经2～36个月临床随访,平均随访23个月,3例失访。1例患者植入1枚BMS后9个月症状复发,DSA复查发现支架再狭窄达50%,患者拒绝继续治疗;1例患者植入1枚DES后35d出现急性血栓闭塞,经急诊再植入1枚DES后血管开通良好。余20例超声复查支架通畅,未见明确狭窄,未见卒中及脑缺血发作。随访22例中19例(86.4%)症状明显缓解或消失,3例(13.6%)部分缓解。结论BMS与DES治疗症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄安全、有效,中短期效果令人满意。DES降低手术后支架内再狭窄发生率具有一定的预防作用,优于BMS金属裸支架。     

血管内支架成形术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄

目的 初步总结应用血管内支架成形术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄的经验，探讨其适应证，技术要点和围手术期处理。方法 20例表现为反复的短暂性脑缺血发作或既往有后循环梗塞病史，13例为反复头晕发作或血管性头痛。椎动脉起始段13例：椎动脉颅外段3例，颅内段5例；基底动脉12例。病变狭窄程度均在70％以上，狭窄长度2－12mm。所有患者接受血管内支架成形术治疗，将球囊膨胀型支架（BX，AVES670，EXPRESS，BIODIVESO）在微导丝导引下通过狭窄部位，缓慢充盈球囊，造影观察支架释放情况后缓慢回撤球囊。结果 29例恢复正常管径，4例狭窄程度减小80％以上，无内膜撕裂和血栓形成。临床随访3－10个月，所有患者均恢复满意，无短暂性缺血再发生或卒中；影像学随访10例患者，均无血管再狭窄。结论 椎基底动脉狭窄的血管内支架成形术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄是一种有效，安全的方法，但远期疗效仍需要进一步随访。     

症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的Wingspan支架成形术

目的 评价Gateway-Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的安全性、可行性及近期疗效.方法 应用Gateway-Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗17例症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者,观察支架置入前后症状、狭窄率改善、手术成功率及并发症发生情况,术后平均随访5个月.结果 17处病变,其中位于颈内动脉颅内段5处,大脑中动脉5处,椎动脉颅内段4处,基底动脉3处.16处病变经Gateway球囊预扩张后支架成功准确释放.1例因Gateway球囊无法到达靶病变,支架直接定位后释放.支架成功率100%.治疗前平均狭窄率为82%,治疗后残余平均狭窄率为43%.术后平均随访5个月,4例一过性缺血发作(TIA)患者未再次发作;12例卒中患者症状均有明显改善.1例发生并发症,考虑为对侧半球梗死.未发生出血性并发症.结论 采用Gateway-Wingspan球囊支架系统治疗颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄有良好的安全性与短期疗效.     

Solitarie支架在颅内动脉硬化性狭窄治疗中的应用

目的探求Solitaire自膨支架对颅内动脉狭窄疗效的可行性。 方法回顾总结5例颅内动脉狭窄患者,实施球囊扩张Solitaire支架成形术,共留置支架6枚。病变部位位于大脑中动脉M1段3例,基底动脉段1例,颈内动脉前床突段1例;病变长度为(8±2.9)mm,狭窄率为(73±8.5)%。 结果手术成功率100%,术后残余狭窄率为(14±4.2)%。DSA随访平均时间10.5个月,无支架内再狭窄发生;1例患者术后出现患侧TIA发作两次。 结论使用Solitaire自膨支架可以对颅内重度狭窄病变行支架成形术具有一定可行性,但需更进一步研究。     

腔内支架成形术治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄

目的　研究腔内支架成形术治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄的安全性及有效性。方法　对 11例症状性椎动脉狭窄的患者行腔内支架成形术治疗。 11例患者成功地植入 12枚球囊扩张支架 ,无一例发生严重并发症。结果　术后见狭窄程度明显改善 ,<2 0 %。在 6个月的临床随访中 ,11例患者均无脑缺血发作及再狭窄发生。TCD示血流通畅 ,未见内膜过度增生。结论　腔内支架成形术是治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄的安全、有效的方法 ,其长期的效果还需进一步随访研究     

腔内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的研究腔内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性及有效性。方法对7例症状性颅内动脉狭窄的患者行腔内支架成形术治疗。结果7例患者中6例成功置入8枚冠脉支架,1例因支架置入困难仅行经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA),6例患者术后均未发生脑缺血发作,2例患者术后3～8个月复查经颅多普勒超声(TCD)血流通畅,未见内膜过度增生,1例单纯PTA患者术后症状明显改善,1例基底动脉支架成形术后出现动眼神经麻痹。结论腔内支架成形术是治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全、有效的方法,其长期疗效还需进一步随防研究。     

球囊扩张支架成形术治疗椎动脉狭窄致后循环脑缺血的效果分析

目的总结因椎动脉狭窄致后循环脑缺血的患者行支架成形手术的经验体会。 方法47例因椎动脉狭窄致缺血性脑卒中的患者,于我科行椎动脉支架成形术,共留置支架52枚,其中椎动脉V1段为46枚,V4段6枚。所有患者行全脑血管造影或CT血管造影随访,平均随访6.3月。分析动脉狭窄改善及其他并发症情况。 结果所有患者均成功行支架成形术。术后患者症状缓解率为85.1%（40/47）;术前狭窄率（75.2±6.7）%,术后狭窄率为(7.6±6.1)%。发生支架内再狭窄（IRS）9处（17%）,8处为椎动脉起始部,1处为V4段。 结论支架成形术是治疗缺血性椎动脉狭窄安全有效的方法,但应尽量避免IRS等术后并发症。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of the proximal vertebral artery for symptomatic stenosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for significant stenosis involving the origin of the vertebral artery is now a well established treatment for selected patients when posterior cerebral arterial circulation is compromised. Arterial spasm, dissection, and restenosis may occur in some instances, with subsequent hemodynamic compromise. To prevent these potential complications, we combined PTA of the vertebral artery with primary stenting, using coronary stents, in seven patients. We herein present our short- and intermediate-term results. METHODS: A total of seven lesions affecting the origin of the vertebral artery were treated by primary trans-stenotic coronary stent placement. All patients were symptomatic, fulfilling the general criteria for vertebral artery angioplasty. Patients were followed for up to 36 months after treatment. RESULTS: All seven lesions were successfully dilated. Residual stenosis was never greater than 20% in diameter. No perioperative complications occurred. Clinical follow-up showed immediate resolution or improvement of symptoms in all patients. One patient's condition deteriorated 15 months after stent placement because of atheromatous stenosis of the prevertebral segment in the ipsilateral subclavian artery. CONCLUSION: Stent placement to treat significant stenosis involving the origin of the vertebral artery is safe and effective for alleviating symptoms and improving blood flow to the posterior cerebral circulation. Coronary stent design seems to be particularly well suited to cover atherosclerotic lesions of the origin of the vertebral artery. The stent mesh probably prevents elastic recoil and early restenosis after PTA, as it does in coronary arteries.     

Endovascular treatment of the vertebral artery origin in patients with symptoms of vertebrobasilar ischemia

Introduction We report our experience with the endovascular treatment of the vertebral artery origin in patients presenting with symptomatic vertebrobasilar ischemia and compare our results with those reported in the literature.Methods In 25 patients, 28 procedures were performed. Patients presented with posterior circulation ischemic symptoms despite optimal medical therapy with antiplatelet drugs and had a digital subtraction angiogram demonstrating stenosis of the origin of the vertebral artery greater than 50%. Retrospective review of the medical records, clinical notes and radiologic-procedural reports was performed.Results Of the 25 patients, 18 were male and 7 female. Their ages ranged from 50 to 84 years. In 23 of the 25 patients the contralateral vertebral artery was occluded, hypoplastic, absent, or had greater than 50% stenosis. In 13 of the 25 patients angiographic evidence of significant anterior circulation disease was demonstrated. In 18 of the 25 patients the left vertebral artery was affected. The mean stenosis was 82.6%. Follow-up records were available in 19 patients. The mean follow-up was 24 months. Five of the 19 patients had recurrent symptoms of vertebrobasilar ischemia and three patients were retreated. Of the 28 procedures performed, 23 were angioplasty/stenting and 5 were angioplasties alone. Overall technical success was achieved in 26 of the 28 procedures (92.8%). No procedure-related transient ischemic attack, stroke or death was noted.Conclusion Endovascular treatment of the vertebral artery origin in this patient population is feasible, safe, and effective. There are some questions regarding the long-term follow-up and rate of restenosis and clinical recurrences that are yet to be answered.This work was partially presented at the 8th Congress of the World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology and at the 9th Joint Annual Meeting AANS/ASITN.     

球囊扩张支架治疗椎动脉起始部重度狭窄的围手术期风险和短期预后

目的探讨采用球囊扩张支架治疗椎动脉起始部重度狭窄的围手术期风险及短期预后。方法 2010年1月-2011年9月收治27例后循环缺血患者,29处症状性椎动脉起始部狭窄率≥70%,因常规药物治疗无效,采用球囊扩张支架进行治疗。术后1、3、6、9、12个月进行随访,监测血脂、血糖、血压。术后6个月复查动脉超声,12个月时复查DSA。结果 27例患者的29处重度狭窄均成功置入球囊扩张支架,技术成功率100%。术前狭窄率80%～99%,平均92.55%±5.26%,中位狭窄率95%;术后狭窄率0%～15%,平均3.27%±4.60%,中位狭窄率0%,手术并发症0。术后随访12个月时,无后循环缺血事件发生。12个月时随访DSA,支架内内膜增生1例,再狭窄0例。结论应用球囊扩张支架治疗椎动脉起始部重度狭窄围手术期并发症发生率低,短期预后良好。     

Stent fracture in revascularization for symptomatic ostial vertebral artery stenosis

Introduction We assessed the long-term follow-up examinations and complications of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) for symptomatic ostial vertebral artery (VA) stenosis. Methods A retrospective study was done to evaluate 12 patients with symptomatic ostial VA stenosis who underwent PTAS. Six patients were treated with the Palmaz stent and six with a balloon-expandable coronary stent. Initial angiographic follow-up examination was conducted about 12 months after PTAS in all patients. Simple radiographic, ultrasonographic and clinical follow-up examinations were scheduled every 6 months. Results Excellent dilatation was achieved in all patients without any procedural complications. Initial angiographic follow-up obtained at a mean of 13 months after PTAS detected no restenosis. However, an asymptomatic severe restenosis was detected at 24 months after PTAS in one patient (8%). During a mean follow-up of 31.5 months, three stent fractures were detected in deployed coronary stents (50%). None of the stent fractures was associated with either recurrent stroke or restenosis. No patients developed recurrent symptoms during the follow-up period. Conclusion PTAS for symptomatic ostial VA stenosis is effective in preventing recurrent stroke. As the open-cell single-joint type of stent is associated with the risk of fracture, long-term follow-up examinations including simple radiography are needed.