贵州省大学生婚前性行为发生状况及其影响因素

目的了解贵州省大学生婚前性行为现状及其影响因素,为指导青春期性健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法,抽取贵州省在校大学生315名进行无记名封闭式问卷调查,获得有效问卷301份。结果44.2%的大学生正在谈恋爱,18.3%有性行为;谈恋爱的比例女生高于男生,男生有婚前性行为的比例高于女生。55.5%的大学生对婚前性行为表示可以理解,43.0%认为婚前同居的坏处是不负责任,因怕怀孕而不发生性行为的比例仅占1.3%;60.8%认为大学生发生婚前性行为学校不应给予任何处理,26.9%认为学校可以私下批评教育。与大学生婚前性行为发生有关的因素包括年龄大、年级高、城市、独生子女、大学前与异性接触程度较高、爱上异性数量较多等。结论大学生的性行为虽不普遍但已见增加,学校、社会和家庭应该加强性健康教育和引导。     

大学生性观念调查

目的了解大学生性观念现状,为高校开展性健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用《大学生性健康调查问卷》对山西某大学1000名大学生进行无记名问卷调查。结果大学生性观念较为开放,对于婚前性行为和未婚同居普遍持认可态度,性行为发生率高达21.06%,男生的性观念比女生开放,性行为发生率也高于女生。结论高校性健康教育应该以性纯洁教育为主旨,辅以性安全教育的全面的性健康教育。     

西安非医学专业大学生婚前性行为及避孕知识调查

目的 了解西安市高校非医学专业大学生婚前性行为及避孕知识状况,探讨适合非医学专业大学生的性生殖健康教育模式. 方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,在西安市6所非医学类本科高校中抽取12个专业的大学三年级学生共1 329名,用自行设计的问卷进行调查. 结果 获有效问卷1 297份,有效回收率为97.6％.对婚前性行为态度宽容占87.7％,已经发生过婚前性行为占31.3％,女生(35.8％)高于男生(27.9％),且女生中性伴侣为校外人员的比例(23.6％)高于男生(11.6％).被调查者均知晓至少一种避孕方法,知晓2种及2种以上避孕方法占99.1％,但对于避孕措施的具体使用方法知晓率差,仅21.8％被调查者正确回答安全套的具体使用方法,仅31.4％的被调查者能区分口服避孕药避孕法与药物紧急避孕.认为人工流产是一种避孕方法占16.3％.有婚前性行为者每次均采用避孕措施者仅占31.0％.有婚前性行为的女大学生有流产经历的达45.7％,有2次及以上流产经历者达16.1％,14周以上引产者占2.0％. 结论 非医学专业大学生对婚前性行为态度宽容,已经发生婚前性行为比例较高,但性健康知识认知水平较低且不全面,意外妊娠发生率高.     

广州市在校大学生性行为状况及其影响因素

[目的]了解在校大学生婚前性行为现状及其影响因素,为指导青春期性健康教育提供依据.[方法]采用整群随机抽样的方法对广州4所高校840名在校大学生进行性相关问题调查,并对影响大学生婚前性行为的有关因素进行分析.[结果]大学生性问题普遍,并发现大学生恋爱、接触黄色录象刊物、性别、对婚前性行为的态度等因素对发生婚前性行为有重要的影响.[结论]学校、家庭和社会应该加强性教育和引导,促进大学生性健康的发展.     

某职业高中学生性行为现况及相关因素分析

目的了解职业高中学生性态度及相关行为现况,为学校开展性健康教育提供依据.方法以成都市某职业高中二年级全体学生为研究对象,用自行设计的调查问卷进行不记名调查.结果大部分职业高中学生对婚前性行为等问题持中立态度,学生中有过边缘性行为及性行为经历者分别占45.63%和13.88%.对学生性行为影响因素的单因素分析结果表明,性别、年龄、学习成绩等11个因素与学生是否发生性行为有关;多因素分析结果提示,有边缘性行为经历、年龄较大、对性教育态度积极是学生发生性行为的危险因素,而性态度正确、父母婚姻和睦、父亲文化程度高则是学生发生性行为的保护因素.结论学校应高度重视高中生的性态度及相关行为问题,尽早开展性健康教育,使学生建立正确的性态度,以预防学生过早发生边缘性行为及性行为.     

北京市416名大学生婚前性知识态度行为调查

目的了解北京市大学生婚前性知识、态度、行为现状,以便更好地对大学生开展健康教育。方法采用自填问卷形式,对北京市6所重点大学学生进行现况调查,获得有效样本416例。采用SPSS10.0进行统计分析。结果416名北京市大学生中,有30.39%的被调查者赞成婚前性行为,93.27%知道安全套避孕手段,10.33%表示对性传播疾病非常了解;男生的婚前性行为态度较女生开放。结论大学生对于婚前性行为的态度较为宽容和开放,但性知识尚欠缺。提示应加强大学生的性教育,使他们学会自我保护的措施和方法。     

广州某重点大学医学生性态度、性行为状况调查分析

目的了解医学生的性态度、性行为状况和相关认知,为医学院校开展青春期性健康教育提供背景资料和依据。方法采用自编问卷,对广州某医科大学200名本科三年级医学生的性态度、性行为及避孕知识情况进行调查。结果84．0％的大学生对婚前性行为持可接受态度;53．0％的学生有恋爱经历;5．0％的学生承认发生过性行为,男生明显多于女生,无保护性行为使20．0％的学生或其性伴侣意外妊娠;41．0％的学生知道安全套的用法。结论大部分医学生对婚前性行为持宽容态度,但对其后果考虑不足,对避孕知识了解差,医学院校有必要及早对医学生进行系统、全面、规范的性健康教育。     

杭州市男大学生对同性恋的态度行为及影响因素分析

了解当代男大学生对同性恋的态度、行为及影响因素,为更好地在大学生中开展性健康教育和进一步研究同性恋问题提供基础资料.方法 采用自行设计的调查问卷,对杭州市下沙高教园区13所高校的3992名男大学生进行等比例随机抽样调查.对男大学生同性恋态度和行为的影响因素,先采用Logistic单因素分析筛选出有统计学意义的因子,再运用多因素Logistic回归进行分析.结果 性取向为同性、双性(包括多数是男性、男女两性和多数是女性)和说不清楚者分别占1.2%,12.5%,4.2%;58.4%男大学生对同性恋持理解态度.大二及以上男大学生较大一男生对同性恋持更能理解的态度;2.4%的被试表示发生过同性性行为,家庭关系一般的男大学生比家庭关系和睦者更易发生同性性行为(OR=2.2).结论 男大学生对同性恋持理解态度的比例较低,对同性恋的态度和行为受其年级、专业、成长环境以及性观念等多种因素的影响.高校应开展多元化的性健康教育.     

某医科大学学生婚前性行为态度影响因素分析

目的了解医科大学生婚前性行为态度的影响因素,为开展大学生性健康教育提供依据。方法使用自行设计的调查问卷,对河北医科大学746名在校本科生进行调查,并对21个指标和婚前性行为态度进行多元回归分析。结果对传统贞操观的认同、父母文化程度、周围有未婚同居者、学校制定恋爱行为规范、政治面貌、家庭收入、是否谈过恋爱共8个指标进入回归方程,偏回归系数的绝对值在0.134~0.458之间。结论大学生对待婚前性行为的态度受家庭、学校、社会等多种因素的影响。高校应对大学生实施恰当的行为干预措施,使他们树立正确的性道德行为规范。     

成都市某重点高校大学生的婚前性行为和相关认知

目的：调查大学生的婚前性行为及相关认知，为开展青春期性健康教育和防治性传播疾病提供依据。方法：样本；分层随机抽取成都市某重点高校一和二年级学生646名；调查方法：定量和定性调查相结合（问卷，专题小组讨论，等）。结果：男生79．03％对婚前性行为持赞同或无所谓态度，20．97％持反对态度；女生40．78％持反对态度；性别间差异有统计学意义（x^2=50．435，P〈0．01）；全部调查对象中25．2％回答当前有恋爱对象，3．95％回答有性交行为。定性调查显示对象人群对婚前性行为的认识呈多元化，但只有少数人将婚前性行为与健康问题相联系。结论：当前在大学生中通过宣传禁欲来减少婚前性行为的作用将很有限；在性健康教育中强调疾病风险亦不可能显著减少婚前性行为；性健康教育应与思想教育和素质教育相结合；应提高大学生的性健康知识水平和自觉使用安全套的意愿。     

Investigation and Control of Anthrax Outbreak at the Human–Animal Interface,Bhutan, 2010

In 2010, we investigated anthrax outbreak in Bhutan. A total of 43 domestic animals died, and cutaneous anthrax developed in 9 persons, and 1 died. All affected persons had contact with the carcasses of infected animals. Comprehensive preparedness and response guidelines are needed to increase public awareness of anthrax in Bhutan.     

Risk for Travel-associated Legionnaires’ Disease,Europe, 2009

Legionnaires’ disease is underreported in Europe; notification rates differ substantially among countries. Approximately 20% of reported cases are travel-associated. To assess the risk for travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease (TALD) associated with travel patterns in European countries, we retrieved TALD surveillance data for 2009 from the European Surveillance System, and tourism denominator data from the Statistical Office of the European Union. Risk (number cases reported/number nights spent) was calculated by travel country. In 2009, the network reported 607 cases among European travelers, possibly associated with 825 accommodation sites in European Union countries. The overall risk associated with travel abroad was 0.3 cases/million nights. We observed an increasing trend in risk from northwestern to southeastern Europe; Greece had the highest risk (1.7). Our findings underscore the need for countries with high TALD risks to improve prevention and control of legionellosis; and for countries with high TALD risks, but low notification rates of Legionnaires’ disease to improve diagnostics and reporting.     

Travel-associated Diseases,Indian Ocean Islands, 1997–2010

Data collected by the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network for 1,415 ill travelers returning from Indian Ocean islands during 1997–2010 were analyzed. Malaria (from Comoros and Madagascar), acute nonparasitic diarrhea, and parasitoses were the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases. An increase in arboviral diseases reflected the 2005 outbreak of chikungunya fever.     

Haemophilus ducreyi Associated with Skin Ulcers among Children,Solomon Islands

During a survey of yaws prevalence in the Solomon Islands, we collected samples from skin ulcers of 41 children. Using PCR, we identified Haemophilus ducreyi infection in 13 (32%) children. PCR-positive and PCR-negative ulcers were phenotypically indistinguishable. Emergence of H. ducreyi as a cause of nongenital ulcers may affect the World Health Organization’s yaws eradication program.     

Dengue Virus Transmission by Blood Stem Cell Donor after Travel to Sri Lanka; Germany, 2013

Three days after donation of peripheral blood stem cells to a recipient with acute myeloblastic leukemia, dengue virus was detected in the donor, who had recently traveled to Sri Lanka. Transmission to the recipient, who died 9 days after transplant, was confirmed.     

Long-Term Survival Among Histological Subtypes in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Population-Based Study Using the Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results Database

BackgroundActual long-term survival rates for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are rarely reported.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the role of histological subtypes in predicting the prognosis among long-term survivors (≥5 years) of advanced EOC.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data among patients with stage III-IV EOC diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer data of the United States. We used the chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for the analyses.ResultsWe included 8050 patients in this study, including 6929 (86.1%), 743 (9.2%), 237 (2.9%), and 141 (1.8%) patients with serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors, respectively. With a median follow-up of 91 months, the most common cause of death was primary ovarian cancer (80.3%), followed by other cancers (8.1%), other causes of death (7.3%), cardiac-related death (3.2%), and nonmalignant pulmonary disease (3.2%). Patients with the serous subtype were more likely to die from primary ovarian cancer, and patients with the mucinous subtype were more likely to die from other cancers and cardiac-related disease. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with endometrioid (hazard ratio [HR] 0.534, P<.001), mucinous (HR 0.454, P<.001), and clear cell (HR 0.563, P<.001) subtypes showed better ovarian cancer-specific survival than those with the serous subtype. Similar results were found regarding overall survival. However, ovarian cancer–specific survival and overall survival were comparable among those with endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors.ConclusionsOvarian cancer remains the primary cause of death in long-term ovarian cancer survivors. Moreover, the probability of death was significantly different among those with different histological subtypes. It is important for clinicians to individualize the surveillance program for long-term ovarian cancer survivors.     

大龄单身女性寻求生育力保存的伦理问题探析

近年来,在肿瘤和卵巢相关疾病发生率逐年增加、不少大龄单身女性渴望为自己购买一份“生殖保险”等社会及个人因素催化下,人类对于生育力保存的需求急剧增加,满足这一需求正在或将成为重大挑战。对于寻求进行生育力保存的大龄单身女性来说,在合适的年龄应用玻璃化冷冻技术将其卵母细胞冻存是目前可采用的最佳生育力保存手段。而单身女性卵子冷冻将面临来自伦理道德、社会乃至法律的巨大挑战。本文概述国内外大龄单身女性卵子冷冻的现状,并对其可能涉及的相关伦理问题及解决途径进行综述,以促进理性正视单身女性卵子冷冻问题。     

Outbreak of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin–Associated Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Rugby Team,France, 2010–2011

Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce Panton-Valentine leukocidin are known to cause community infections. We describe an outbreak of skin abscesses caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin–producing methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (clonal complex 121) in a professional rugby team in France during July 2010–February 2011. Eight team members were carriers; 7 had skin abscesses.     

Reemergence and Autochthonous Transmission of Dengue Virus,Eastern China, 2014

In 2014, 20 dengue cases were reported in the cities of Wenzhou (5 cases) and Wuhan (15 cases), China, where dengue has rarely been reported. Dengue virus 1 was detected in 4 patients. Although most of these cases were likely imported, epidemiologic analysis provided evidence for autochthonous transmission.