超声对造血干细胞移植后肝静脉闭塞症的诊断价值

目的探讨血液病患者造血干细胞移植(hemopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT)治疗后并发肝静脉闭塞症(hepatic venoocclusive disease,HVOD)的声像图特点及其诊断价值。方法对45例HSCT患者进行常规腹部超声检查,并对其中9例并发HVOD患者进行密切追踪观察,以未发生HVOD患者(36例)为对照组,分析发生HVOD患者的声像图变化特征。结果HVOD患者出现肝大、肝静脉纤细、胆囊壁增厚、脾大、腹水等变化的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论密切追踪超声检查能为HSCT患者移植后并发HVOD的诊断提供可靠依据。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染在造血干细胞移植时对造血干细胞植入的影响

目的　探讨恶性血液病患者的移植前、后乙肝病毒 (HBV)感染对其造血干细胞移植 (HSCT)时植活效果的影响。方法　对我院 1 990年 1月— 2 0 0 1年 5月间 1 85例造血干细胞移植的患者中 ,有HBV感染的 48例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　HBsAg阳性率、HBV感染流行率 (未包括单纯HBsAb阳性者)分别为 1 3 / 1 85 ( 7.0 2 %)、48/ 1 85 ( 2 5 .95 %)。在自体造血干细胞移植 (AHSCT)和异基因造血干细胞移植 (Allo HSCT)中包括HBsAg( +)组和HBsAb( +)组在内的HBV感染组白细胞恢复到 1× 1 0 9/L所需的平均天数与对照组比较均无统计学的显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,乙肝病毒感染组白细胞恢复到 1× 1 0 9/L所需的平均天数为 ( 1 4 .5 4±5 .49)d。结论　乙型肝炎病毒感染不影响造血干细胞的植活时间     

Flud＋Bu＋CCNU＋Ara-C预处理单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗白血病13例的疗效

目的 初步探讨使用＂氟达拉滨（Flud）＋马利兰（Bu）＋司莫司汀（CCNU）＋阿糖胞苷（Ara-C）＂预处理方案行异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的临床疗效.方法 13例患者中,慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）5例,急性淋巴细胞白血病5例,急性非淋巴细胞白血病3例.预处理方案为Flud 30 mg/（m2·d）×4 d,Bu 1 mg/（kg·次）×4 d,CCNU 250 mg/m2×1 d,Ara-C 2-4 mg/m2×2 d.供者均为亲缘HLA配型半相合;输注外周血造血干细胞有核细胞数（3.5-4.5）×108/kg受体体重（中位数为4×108/kg）,骨髓有核细胞数（3.5~4.5）×108/kg受体体重（中位数为4×108/kg受体体重）.采用＂ATG＋环孢霉素＋短疗程甲氨喋呤＋晓悉＂预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）.前列腺素E1（PGE1）＋低分子肝素钠＋丹参预防肝静脉闭塞症.结果 骨髓移植后全部患者重建造血,移植后骨髓嵌合及基因检测证实患者骨髓中造血细胞为完全供者细胞植入.结论 Flud＋Bu＋CCNU＋Ara-C预处理方案移植治疗白血病疗效较好,安全可行,为无HLA完全相合供者白血病患者提供了有效的治疗手段.     

112例造血干细胞移植总结报告

目的 :评价造血干细胞移植 (HSCT)治疗血液病的临床疗效及并发症。方法 :112例血液病患者行HSCT ,其中自体HSCT(auto -HSCT) 52例 ,混合HSCT(mixed -HSCT) 3 3例 ,异基因HSCT(allo -HSCT) 2 7例。结果 :随访平均 64个月 (2月～ 2 0年 ) ,62例 (55.4% )无病存活 ,其中 :auto -HSCT2 7/ 52例 (51.9% ) ,mixed -HSCT19/ 3 3例 (57.6% ) ,allo -HSCT16/ 2 7例 (59.3 % )。 51例(45.5% )死亡 ,其中 :auto -HSCT :18/ 52例 (3 4 .6% )复发死亡 ;7/ 52例 (13 .5% )移植相关死亡 ;mixed -HSCT :19/ 3 3例 (2 4.2 % )复发死亡 ;6/ 3 3例 (18.2 % )移植相关死亡 ;allo -HSCT :3 / 2 7例 (11.1% )复发死亡 ;2 / 2 7例 (7.4% )GVHD引起肝功衰竭死亡 ;6/2 7例 (2 2 .1% )移植相关死亡。结论 :HSCT治疗疗效确切 ,可提高长期无病生存     

造血干细胞移植中干细胞来源的多元化

异基因造血干细胞移植（Allo—HSCT）是治疗血液系统恶性疾病和部分非恶性疾病的有效方法,有时甚至是惟一可以治愈该病的手段,在血液系统疾病的治疗中占有重要地位。过去由于供者来源所限,只有少部分患者从中受益,更多患者因为没有配型相合的同胞供者而失去了移植的机会。独生子女时代的来临使供者来源越趋困难。令人鼓舞的是,随着HSCT技术体系的不断完善,临床用于移植的造血干细胞来源呈现了多元化的局面。目前用于HSCT的造血干细胞主要有以下几种：     

异基因造血干细胞移植中真菌感染的预防和护理体会

真菌感染是异基因造血干细胞移植的主要并发症和致死原因之一,积极地预防和科学的护理,早期发现并预防真菌感染已成为移植成功的关键问题之一。我院自1995年以来,共进行异基因造血干细胞移植37例,仅6例发生真菌感染,该6例真菌感染的患者,经积极的治疗和细致的护理均已康复。现将真菌感染的预防和护理体会介绍如下。     

前列腺素E1脂微球制剂治疗老年慢性心功能不全患者的疗效评价

目的用6 min步行试验评价前列腺素E1脂微球制剂辅助治疗老年慢性心功能不全患者的效果。方法我院住院老年患者经常规抗心衰药物治疗5～7 d,病情相对稳定,NYHA心功能分级在Ⅱ级-Ⅳ级,入选的患者随机分组,最终收集资料完整患者235名,其中治疗组109例、对照组126例。治疗组用前列腺素E1脂微球制剂20μg静脉滴注,1次/d,14 d为1疗程。对照组除不用前列腺素E1脂微球制剂外,其他治疗与治疗组相同。治疗前后测定6 min步行距离,左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESd)、左心室射血分数(LVEF),比较其结果。结果治疗组治疗前后6 min步行距离、LVESd、LVEF有显著性差异,而对照组治疗前后6 min步行距离有显著性差异,LVEDd、LVESd、LVEF无显著性差异;两组之间在治疗前无显著性差异,治疗后治疗组6 min步行距离、LVESd较对照组明显改善、LVEDd、LVEF两组之间无显著性差异。两组间药物不良反应无显著性差异。结论前列腺素E1脂微球制剂在常规治疗的基础上还能进一步明显提高老年心功能不全患者6 min步行距离,改善心功能,且不良反应少。     

脂微球载体前列腺素对慢性重型肝炎患者有关血清学指标及预后的影响

目的评价脂微球载体前列腺素对慢性重型肝炎患者血清甲胎蛋白及其预后的影响。方法将58例慢性重型肝炎患者随机、平均分为脂微球载体前列腺素治疗组与对照组,疗程3周。结果治疗组在降低血清总胆红素、总胆汁酸、升高凝血酶原活动度、维持较高血清甲胎蛋白水平、提高存活率等方面均优于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05或0.01)。结论脂微球载体前列腺素可改善慢性重型肝炎预后。     

异基因造血干细胞移植对肠道菌群的影响

正常情况下,肠道微生物群多样性对维持免疫稳态至关重要,但其组成及其多样性受多种因素干扰。肠道微生物群组成和多样性的改变与许多疾病如肠道移植物抗宿主病（graft-versus-host disease,GVHD）紧密相关。肠道GVHD是异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,allo HSCT)后并发症之一,明显增加移植相关死亡率。随着高通量测序技术的不断进步,肠道GVHD与菌群多样性的关系得到了验证。然而国内关于如何改善患者预后方面的研究甚少,作者对allo HSCT后患者的肠道菌群与GVHD之间的关系作一综述,进一步总结通过平衡肠道菌群的多种治疗方法,为临床上改善手术预后,降低患者死亡率提供治疗策略。     

冰块含服联合粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子漱口液干预造血干细胞移植相关性口腔黏膜炎疗效分析

目的 探讨冰块含服联合粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子漱口液干预造血干细胞移植(HSCT)相关性口腔黏膜炎(OM)的疗效。方法 选取自2019年4月至2022年4月于北部战区总医院行HSCT的119例患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为常规组(n=59)与观察组(n=60)。两组患者均接受常规预处理,观察组在原有预处理的基础上加用冰块含服联合粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子漱口液干预。观察并比较两组患者OM的发生率及愈合时间。结果 观察组OM发生率为18.3%(11/60),低于常规组的57.6%(34/59),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组平均愈合时间为(4.2±1.4)d,短于常规组的(7.7±0.7)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 冰块含服联合粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子漱口液干预可显著减少HSCT患者OM发生率及愈合时间。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.