A comparative study with indomethacin and combined indomethacin sodium-salicylate in rheumatoid arthritis.

A double-blind cross-over clinical trial was performed to compare clinical effectiveness of indomethacin (3 x 25 mg/day) alone to that of a combination of indomethacin + sodium-salycylate (3 x 25 mg/day and 3 x 250 mg/day, respectively) in rheumatoid arthritis. It was established that enteral blood loss was significantly reduced by combined treatment as determined by Cr51 labelled erythrocytes in comparison to that after treatment with indomethacin alone. Therapeutic effect was maintained in both groups, no significant disparities were observed. Occurrence of subjective complaints was less frequent in the combined treatment group. It was concluded that the combined preparation consisting of indomethacin and sodium-salicylate has a favourable effect in rheumatoid arthritis.     

Site-specific lesion formation, inflammation and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by indomethacin in the rat intestine

The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) formed by the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) has been investigated in the development of rat intestinal lesions following indomethacin administration. Over a 72-h period, indomethacin (10 mg kg(-1), s.c.) provoked a time-dependent increase in expression of iNOS (assessed by the conversion of radiolabelled L-arginine to citrulline) and enhancement of vascular leakage of radiolabelled human serum albumin in the jejunum which commenced 18 h after indomethacin. Similar effects were not observed in the ileum, colon or caecum. In addition, macroscopic lesions were detectable and myeloperoxidase activity (an index of neutrophil recruitment) were increased in the rat jejunum 18-24 h after indomethacin, but remained at basal levels in the ileum and colon. These findings suggest that indomethacin provokes a site-selective expression of iNOS in the rat jejunum which correlates with lesion formation and vascular leakage, whereas both the ileum and colon are spared.     

Stimulation by prostaglandin E2 of alkaline secretion in the rat duodenum: comparative study with hypertonic NaCl

Possible involvement of increased mucosal permeability in the stimulation by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of duodenal HCO3- secretion was investigated in rats. PGE2 (0.3, 1 mg/kg, s.c.) dose-dependently increased HCO3- secretion in the duodenum with a significant elevation of transmucosal potential difference (PD); the PD was increased from -4.5 +/- 0.3 mV to -10.0 +/- 1.5 mV (mucosa negative) at 1 mg/kg. These responses caused by PGE2 were abolished by sacrificing the animals with saturated KCl (i.v.). Although a significant increase of HCO3- output was observed after exposure of the mucosa to 1 M NaCl (0.5 ml), this response was accompanied by a significant reduction of PD and was not abolished after KCl injection. The mucosal permeability determined by Evans blue (1%, i.v.) was not affected by PGE2, while 1 M NaCl markedly elevated the amount of extravasated dye in both the luminal content and the mucosa. Stimulation of HCO3- output by PGE2 was significantly mitigated by ouabain (3 mg/kg, s.c.) or prior exposure of the mucosa to 1 M NaCl. These results suggest that stimulation by PGE2 of duodenal HCO3- secretion is not simply due to the increased mucosal permeability, but depends rather on both the Na/K ATPase activity and the intact perfusion of the organ. The HCO3- response as induced by 1 M NaCl may result from the increased permeability and is accompanied by a marked reduction of PD.     

A method for hemorrhagic shock in the rat

Normovolemic hemorrhagic shock was induced in unanesthetized as well as anesthetized rats. The animals were bled according to predetermined schedules followed by reinfusion of all shed blood. In these models mortality during the hypovolemic phase was avoided, while practically 100% mortality ensued a number of hours after the reinfusion. To this end, a certain individualization of the bleeding procedure was necessary. The pathology induced was very similar in the two models. The survival time as well as the course of the plasma-glucose concentration (a tendency to a high degree of hypoglycemia) and the plasma-K⁺ concentration (extreme hyperkalemia) were also very similar. The causes of the hypoglycemia and hyperkalemia are not elucidated.     

Augmentation of cysteamine and mepirizole-induced lesions in the rat duodenum and stomach by histamine or indomethacin

Repeated administration of histamine X 2HCl (40 mg/kg X 4) significantly augmented mepirizole (200 mg/kg) or cysteamine (300 mg/kg)-induced duodenal and gastric lesions in rats within 6 hr. Most of the duodenal lesions were penetrating ulcers and were located over the entire duodenum. Gastric lesions were mainly located in the antrum adjacent to the duodenum. Indomethacin pretreatment did not significantly augment the duodenal lesions induced by mepirizole or cysteamine, but did augment the gastric lesions induced by these compounds.     

高原地区战创伤失血性休克氧疗护理的实验研究

目的探讨高原地区战创伤失血性休克救治初期的氧疗措施及护理对策。方法将新西兰大白兔28只随机分为四组,模拟高原缺氧环境,建立创伤失血性休克模型;行扩容治疗(a),同时Ⅰ～Ⅲ组分别给予80%、50%、30%氧疗,Ⅳ组为对照组,观察各组平均动脉压(MAP)及存活时间,选择理想的氧疗浓度。然后,另取15只兔分为T组和C组,休克后行扩容治疗(b),T组同时给予80%氧疗,动态观察动物的组织氧合状况及存活情况。结果Ⅰ组的MAP在治疗后各时相点均高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组;治疗后8h,Ⅰ组动物的存活率为28.6%,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组均为0。治疗后,T组的PaO2、SaO2、HCO3-、PaCO2显著高于C组,血浆Lac水平显著低于C组;治疗后8h,T组存活率为100%,C组为37.5%;T组的小肠黏膜损伤程度较C组轻。结论在扩容的基础上,早期给予高浓度氧疗可以有效提高高原战创伤失血性休克的救治效果。     

Effects of indomethacin on the duodenal mucosa of rats: comparative study with cysteamine

Effects of indomethacin and cysteamine on the duodenal mucosa of rats were studied microscopically (using scanning electron microscopy) and also functionally. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg, s.c.) induced no microscopic damage to the duodenal epithelium for up to 6 hr after administration. Indomethacin had no effects on gastric H+ output and the amount of H+ in the duodenum, but did reduce the duodenal HCO3- secretion (both basal and 10 mM-HCl stimulated). PGE2 contents in the duodenal mucosa were markedly reduced by indomethacin for 6 hr. These results suggest that reductions of duodenal HCO3- secretion and endogenous prostaglandins per se do not impair the H+ disposal system of the duodenum and so do not damage the epithelial cells. In contrast, cysteamine (100 mg/kg, s.c.) produced microscopic damage to the duodenal epithelium as early as 2 hr later. Cysteamine significantly increased gastric H+ output and reduced duodenal HCO3- secretion, resulting in an increased amount of H+ in the duodenum 3 hr later. Cysteamine had no effect on PGE2 contents in the duodenum. The time lag between damage formation and functional changes suggests that the earliest damage caused by cysteamine occurs by mechanisms other than erosive action of H+ emptied by the stomach. The increased amount of H+ may contribute to an enhancement of the initial damage.     

Impairment of protein synthesis in the rat uterus following intrauterine delivery of indomethacin.

When indomethacin was incorporated into a slow-release preparation (initial content 1.6 mg drug) and placed in one horn of the rat uterus, a significant decrease in protein synthesis occurred for this horn in comparison with control animals (as determined by the incorporation of radioactive leucine) at three different times after insertion. Decreases of 20, 21% at the two times of dioestrus and 28% at the time of oestrus selected were determined. No significant reduction in protein synthesis was found for the contralateral horn, although there was a tendency for it to be lowered at the earliest time of examination when two complete oestrous cycles had passed following insertion. Measurement of the uptake of radioactive leucine by the uterine horns showed no change in response to indomethacin delivery compared to the control animals with silastic implants, and suggested that the transport system for this amino acid in cells of the uterine horns was not affected by the drug. It was apparent that in instances when the protein synthesis of the uterine horn was impaired by indomethacin that a decrease in RNA/DNA ratio existed. At the latest time examined, no alteration in DNA content occurred in the indomethacin-influenced horn but there was a significant reduction in RNA content. For a small proportion of the animals with indomethacin-releasing preparations there was a tendency to show a lengthening of the oestrous cycle over the first three cycles following insertion. Whether this was due to a direct effect of indomethacin on the ovaries or an effect caused by decreased concentrations of prostaglandins in the uterus was unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A comparative study of flurbiprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis

Summary

A double-blind, crossover study was carried out in 30 patients with active, classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis to compare the effect of 200?mg flurbiprofen per day with that of 100?mg indomethacin per day. Patients received, at random, each drug for a period of 2 weeks separated by a week's wash-out period on placebo. Assessments were made before the start of the trial and at weekly intervals of pain, morning stiffness, grip strength, articular index, walking time, and finger joint size. Patients' preference for any particular treatment period was recorded at the end of the trial. Laboratory investigations were carried out before and during the trial. Both drugs show statistically significant improvement over baseline assessments, although there was little difference between the two active treatment periods. More patients preferred the treatment period with flurbiprofen, and this was probably related to the fewer side-effects which were reported with this drug.     

A comparative study of fenbufen and indomethacin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

A short-term, double-blind crossover study was completed in 29 patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis to compare the antirheumatic activity of indomethacin (100 mg/day) with that of fenbufen (800 mg/day). The patients were randomly allocated to two groups and treated for a period of 6 weeks with each of the drugs. Subjective and objective assessment of rheumatic activity showed that indomethacin produced significant improvement only in morning stiffness and walking time; however, following fenbufen a significant improvement in walking time, grip strength and joint swelling resulted. Both the observed and the patients assessed the fenbufen period as significantly better than the baseline and that following indomethacin.     

醒后与非醒后出血性脑卒中危险因素的对比研究

目的 探讨醒后及非醒后出血性脑卒中各种发病影响因素的差异。方法 收集2015年1月至2016年2月徐州医学院附属医院神经内科、神经外科及康复科入院治疗的自发性脑出血病人223例,将病人按照发病时的状态分为醒后脑卒中27例及非醒后脑卒中196例。采集病人一般情况、入院情况、既往病史、家族病史等数据,并完成入院体格检查及相关辅助检查。使用SPSS 1 8.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 醒后与非醒后出血性脑卒中在发病年龄≥65岁(17例比73例)、体质量指数≥24 kg/m²(19例比81例)、高血压(6例比135例)、脑血管淀粉样变性(8例比12例)方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组在吸烟、饮酒、房颤、糖尿病、高脂血症、血液病、脑血管病史、冠心病、脑血管畸形、服用药物方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 醒后出血性脑卒中和非醒后出血性脑卒中的危险因素并非完全一致。相对于醒后出血性脑卒中,高血压疾病更容易诱发非醒后出血性脑卒中;而相对于非醒后出血性脑卒中,年龄(≥65岁)及超重(体质量指数≥24 kg/m²)因素与醒后出血性脑卒中关系更为密切。     

65例十二指肠溃疡患者述情障碍的对照研究

目的　探讨十二指肠溃疡患者述情障碍的情况。方法　采用多伦多述情障碍量表 (TAS)对 6 5例十二指肠溃疡患者进行测评 ,并与正常健康者作对照。结果　十二指肠溃疡患者组TAS总分 (72 0 6± 11 0 5 ) ,明显高于对照组 (6 6 39± 8 93)分 (P <0 0 1) ,各因子分比较也有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　十二指肠溃疡患者存在述情障碍     

A comparative study of azapropazone and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Summary

A double-blind crossover trial in 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was carried out to compare the clinical effectiveness of 800?mg. azapropazone per day with 100?mg. indomethacin per day. Blood plasma concentrations of azapropazone were also studied in 10 patients.

Patients received both drugs for a 3-week period, the order of treatment being determined at random. Although there were no marked differences in any of the objective measurements, patients' assessments of response to and preference for each drug treatment period suggested that azapropazone produced significant improvement compared to that with indomethacin. Plasma levels of azapropazone remained remarkably constant for each patient. Side-effects with both drugs were mild and transient, and there were no marked variations from normal in any of the laboratory parameters measured.     

A comparative study of flurbiprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis.

A double-blind, crossover study was carried out in 30 patients with active, classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis to compare the effect of 200 mg flurbiprofen per day with that of 100 mg indomethacin per day. Patients received, at random, each drug for a period of 2 weeks separated by a weeks' wash-out period on placebo. Assessments were made before the start of the trial and at weekly intervals of pain, morning stiffness, grip strength, articular index, walking time, and finger joint size. Patients' preference for any particular treatment period was recorded at the end of the trial. Laboratory investigations were carried out before and during the trial. Both drugs shows statistically significant improvement over baseline assessments, although there was little difference between the two active treatment periods. More patients preferred the treatment period with flurbiprofen, and this was probably related to the fewer side-effects which were reported with this drug.     

A comparative gastroscopic study of lonazolac and indomethacin in healthy subjects

In 9 healthy volunteers the effects of a 14-day treatment with lonazolac 300 mg b.i.d. on gastric and duodenal mucosa have been endoscopically compared with those of indomethacin 75 mg b.i.d. in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lonazolac and indomethacin induced significantly more gastric and duodenal mucosal injuries (1.9 +/- 0.4 and 1.7 +/- 0.3) compared to placebo (0.9 +/- 1.0) (p less than 0.05). The validity of different procedures in predicting the deleterious effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on the human upper gastrointestinal epithelium is discussed.     

A comparative study of the action of frusemide and methyclothiazide on renin release by rat kidney slices and the interaction with indomethacin.

1 The effects of frusemide (a diuretic acting on the loop of Henle) and methyclothiazide (a thiazide diuretic) on renin release were studied on rat kidney slices. 2 Frusemide at concentrations of 1.5 and 7.5 mmol/l produced significant increases in renin release but had no effect at 0.15 mmol/l. 3 Methyclothiazide in a similar concentration range did not increase renin release; instead, at the highest concentration used, methyclothiazide (3.5 mmol/l) inhibited renin release. 4 Indomethacin (25 mumol/l) did not inhibit the increase of renin induced by frusemide. 5 Our limited study in vitro is consistent with the findings of other workers who have shown in vivo, in the absence of systemic electrolyte depletion, that only "loop diuretics" increase renin secretion. Under our experimental conditions, it is suggested that frusemide exerts a direct action either upon the epithelioid cells or upon the macula densa since the renal prostaglandin system does not intervene.     

Acemetacin and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A double-blind comparative study in general practice

Summary

A multi-centre, double-blind, randomized parallel group study was undertaken in general practice to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug acemetacin with indomethacin in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. One hundred and seventy-three patients were treated for 6 weeks with either acemetacin or indomethacin. Most patients received 120?mg acemetacin per day or 100?mg indomethacin per day. Both drugs produced statistically significant improvements in the primary efficacy variables, ARA articular index, grip strength, and morning stiffness. Overall response to acemetacin was slightly superior to indomethacin, but was not statistically significant. With regard to tolerability, the incidence and severity of gastro-intestinal adverse effects was significantly less with acemetacin than with indomethacin, and central nervous system adverse effects were also markedly fewer It was concluded that acemetacin was at least as effective as indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but has significant advantages in terms of tolerability.     

Acemetacin and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind comparative study in general practice

A multi-centre, double-blind, randomized parallel group study was undertaken in general practice to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug acemetacin with indomethacin in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. One hundred and seventy-three patients were treated for 6 weeks with either acemetacin or indomethacin. Most patients received 120 mg acemetacin per day or 100 mg indomethacin per day. Both drugs produced statistically significant improvements in the primary efficacy variables, ARA articular index, grip strength, and morning stiffness. Overall response to acemetacin was slightly superior to indomethacin, but was not statistically significant. With regard to tolerability, the incidence and severity of gastro-intestinal adverse effects was significantly less with acemetacin than with indomethacin, and central nervous system adverse effects were also markedly fewer. It was concluded that acemetacin was at least as effective as indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but has significant advantages in terms of tolerability.     

Impairment of glycoprotein fucosylation in rat hippocampus and the consequences on memory formation

The intraventricular injection of 2-deoxy-D-galactose led to a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the fucosylation of hippocampal glycoproteins in rats whereas the incorporation of 3H-N-acetyl-glucosamine was not influenced. This effect is not related to an interference with fucose activating or transferring enzymes but can be abolished by an application of D-galactose. Thus, it seems likely that also in brain tissue a deoxy-galactose induced decrease in the fucosylation is due to a hindering of a glycosidic linkage of fucose to the deoxy-sugar incorporated into glycoprotein chains. As a consequence of an intrahippocampal injection of the deoxy-sugar the retention performance of the animals in a foot-shock motivated brightness discrimination task was considerably impaired. But deoxy-galactose is effective only when administered before and immediately after training whereas either a pre- or a post-training injection did not influence the retention performance of the rats. Thus, an effective metabolic inhibition of the glycoprotein completion by the deoxy-sugar starting at the time of training seems to be crucial to interfere with such morphofunctional alterations in the neuronal network underlying the formation of a memory trace.     

促甲状腺素释放激素治疗高原失血性休克并发肺水肿

目的在海拔3 760m的西藏拉萨研究促甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)对高原创伤性休克合并肺水肿的急进高原大鼠的治疗作用.方法初进高原大鼠35只,均分为5组:假手术对照组,失血性休克组,失血休克 肺水肿组,失血性休克 肺水肿 TRH治疗组,失血性休克 肺水肿 等容量平衡盐液组.大鼠从股动脉放血至血压(MAP)50 mmHg,5μL/100g油酸iv,维持1h,制造失血性休克合并肺水肿模型.观察治疗后15,30,60,120 min的血流动力学指标变化,30和120min的血气指标变化以及120 min肺脑含水量变化.结果5 mg/kg TRH有良好的抗休克作用,给药后MAP升高,血流动力学指标改善,酸碱平衡紊乱减轻.肺湿/干重比减少.结论TRH对并发肺水肿的高原失血性休克大鼠有良好的抗休克及减轻肺水肿的作用.