高血压患者血清脂联素水平和动脉顺应性的关系

目的探讨高血压人群中血清脂联素浓度和动脉顺应性之间的关系。方法入选非糖尿病的高血压受试者83例,分为药物治疗组和未治疗组。常规检测受试者的坐位血压及部分血清生化指标,包括血糖、血脂、肝功能、肾功能和胰岛素水平;放射免疫法检测血清脂联素浓度;计算稳态模式胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);用HDICVprofilor DO-2020检测大动脉弹性指数(C1)和小动脉弹性指数(C2)。结果比较药物治疗组和未治疗组,发现前者的脂联素浓度(中位数:11.9μg/mL)、C1(中位数:13.7mL/mmHg×10)、C2(中位数:4.3mL/mmHg×100)均明显高于后者(5.7μg/mL,10.7mL/mmHg×10,3.7mL/mmHg×100,P均<0.01)。对未治疗组进行相关分析发现LogC1与脂联素浓度明显正相关(r=0.54,P<0.01),与平均血压(MBP)负相关(r=-0.40,P<0.05);LogC2和脂联素浓度明显正相关(r=0.49,P<0.01),与HOMA-IR和MBP明显负相关(LogC2-HOMA-IRr=-0.40,P<0.05;LogC2-MBP,r=-0.32,P<0.01);另外还发现C1与心率(HR)负相关(LogC1-HRr=-0.41,P<0.01)。多元线性逐步回归分析发现血清脂联素浓度和HR水平以及性别是LogC1的独立影响因素(R2=0.39,P<0.01);血清脂联素水平和性别是LogC2的独立影响因素(R2=0.44,P<0.01)。结论高血压人群中C1,C2的减退与血清脂联素浓度的降低密切相关。接受抗高血压药物治疗的患者,血清脂联素浓度和动脉顺应性水平升高。     

高血压患者肿瘤坏死因子α与动脉顺应性的关系

目的 探讨高血压患者肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)与动脉顺应性的关系.方法 按照SBP和(或)DBP≥140/90 mm Hg诊断为高血压的标准,将366例受试者分为正常对照组和高血压组,用CVProfilor DO-2020动脉脉搏分析仪分别测定各组受试者大动脉弹性指数(C1)、小动脉弹性指数(C2),用放免法分别检测其血清TNF-α和胰岛素浓度,用胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)评价胰岛素抵抗(IR).结果 (1)高血压组C1(10.55±3.11)mL/mm Hg×10,C2(3.62±1.51)mL/mm Hg×100均低于正常对照组[(C1=13.24±4.27)mL/mm Hg×10,(C2=6.04±2.66)mL/mm Hg×100,P均＜0.01],而TNF-α(0.31±0.05)ng/mL高于正常对照组(0.24±0.07)ng/mL,P＜0.01;(2)偏相关分析显示,在正常对照组中TNF-α与HOMA-IR、体重指数(BMI)正相关(r=0.171,r=0.229,P均＜0.05);在高血压组中TNF-α与C1、C2负相关(r=-0.132,r=-0.392,P均＜0.05),与BMI、HOMA-IR、舒张压(DBP)、脉压(PP)正相关(BMI:r=0.427,HOMA-IR:r=0.154,DBP:r=0.144,PP:r=0.182,P均＜0.05)(3)在高血压组进行多元回归分析显示,影响C1、C2的因素为年龄与SBP.当自变量排除年龄后,TNF-α和HOMA-IR可进入影响C1、C2的回归模型.结论 高血压患者TNF-α浓度增高,TNF-α及HOMA-IR与动脉顺应性的相关性依赖于年龄.     

原发性高血压患者血清脂联素浓度的变化及肾素-血管紧张素系统对其影响

目的:探讨原发性高血压患者血清脂联素浓度的变化及肾素-血管紧张素系统对血清脂联素的影响.方法:本研究入选原发性高血压患者60例及健康人30例(正常对照组),以正常对照组人群胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)的均数±标准差作为有无胰岛素抵抗的分界线,将原发性高血压患者分成两组,即胰岛素抵抗组23例及无胰岛素抵抗组37例.检测血清脂联素、空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、胰岛素敏感性指数、收缩压、舒张压、平均压、身高、体重及体重指数等指标.另外,从60例原发性高血压患者中选出能够完成整个实验,积极配合随访的40例患者,并分成两部分,每部分20例,分别用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂培哚普利及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂缬沙坦治疗两周,治疗前、后检测上述指标.结果:①胰岛素抵抗组的血清胰岛素和甘油三酯与正常对照组及无胰岛素抵抗组相比,胰岛素抵抗组明显升高(P＜0.01),胰岛素抵抗组的脂联素和胰岛素敏感性指数与正常对照组及无胰岛素抵抗组相比,胰岛素抵抗组明显降低(P＜0.01).②高血压患者用培哚普利及缬沙坦治疗两周后,平均压显著下降(P＜0.05),血清脂联素浓度和胰岛素敏感性指数明显升高(P＜0.05).③原发性高血压患者血清脂联素与收缩压和舒张压呈直线相关(r分别为0.35和0.28,P＜0.01和P＜0.05);血清脂联素与胰岛素敏感性指数和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈直线相关(r分别为0.45和0.53,P均＜0.01);血清脂联素与血清胰岛素、体重指数及甘油三酯负相关(r分别为-0.41,-0.61和-0.35,P＜0.01,P＜0.01和P＜0.05);血清脂联素与平均压无明显相关性.结论:原发性高血压患者低脂联素血症与脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗密切相关.肾素-血管紧张素系统,可提高原发性高血压患者胰岛素敏感性,从而使血清脂联素浓度升高.     

2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素/脂联素比值与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清瘦素、脂联素及二者比值与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系。方法对2004年1月至2005年12月北京市垂杨柳医院内分泌科住院的121例T2DM患者的大血管病变危险因素进行采集,测量其IMT及测定空腹血清脂联素和瘦素,观察IMT增厚组(IMT≥1mm,n=69)与不增厚组(IMT<1mm,n=52)脂联素和瘦素变化及其比值变化与IMT的关系。结果IMT增厚组年龄、收缩压、舒张压、纤维蛋白原定量高于IMT不增厚组(P<0.05);IMT增厚组的空腹血C反应蛋白(CRP)明显增加(中位数:25mg/L对12mg/L,P<0.01),脂联素降低(中位数:5.8mg/L对7.6mg/L,P=0.05),但瘦素/脂联素升高(0.86对0.36,P=0.030)。相关分析显示,IMT与年龄、纤维蛋白原定量、CRP呈正相关(r分别为0.392,0.278,0.327,P均<0.01),与瘦素/脂联素呈正相关(r=0.205,P<0.05),与脂联素呈负相关(r=-0.185,P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,瘦素/脂联素增加与IMT增厚相关。结论在T2DM患者中,血清脂联素降低、血清瘦素/脂联素增高与动脉粥样硬化的形成有关,血清瘦素/脂联素比值增加可望作为评估动脉粥样硬化的血清学标志。     

血清脂联素水平与高血压及心肌纤维化的关系

目的:研究血清脂联素与高血压的关系,探讨高血压患者血清脂联素水平对心肌纤维化的影响,阐明高血压患者血清脂联素水平与心肌纤维化的关系.方法:根据美国预防、检测、评估与治疗高血压全国联合委员会第七次报告(JNC-7)的血压标准,筛选出33例高血压患者(高血压组),并筛选出同期在我院体检中心观察的健康人33例(正常对照组).所有入选者清晨空腹抽取外周静脉血,用酶联免疫法测定血清脂联素、Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端肽(P Ⅰ CP)和Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽(P Ⅲ NP)水平.结果:与正常对照组相比,高血压组血清脂联素水平明显降低[(4.21±2.89)ng/ml比(2.69±1.00)ng/ml,P＜0.01];且1级高血压患者与2级高血压患者血清脂联素比较明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与正常对照组相比,高血压组P Ⅰ CP和P Ⅲ NP水平显著增高,P Ⅰ CP分别为(13.10±6.56)ng/ml比(4.12±1.19)ng/ml,P Ⅲ NP分别为(128.94±56.37)ng/ml比(66.70±11.72)ng/ml,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).相关分析表明,血清脂联素水平与P Ⅰ CP及P Ⅲ NP水平呈明显负相关(r分别为-0.245和-0.275,P均＜0.05).结论:高血压患者血清脂联素水平明显降低,血压越高脂联素水平越低,血清脂联素水平与P Ⅰ CP及P Ⅲ NP水平呈明显负相关,推测低水平的脂联素血症在高血压心肌纤维化中可能起重要作用.     

高血压合并代谢综合征患者血清脂联素与游离脂肪酸谱等代谢参数关系研究

目的 研究原发性高血压合并代谢综合征和未合并代谢综合征患者血清脂联素水平、游离脂肪酸谱特征及与其他糖脂代谢参数间关系.方法 用放射免疫分析法测定128例高血压合并或未合并代谢综合征患者与43例正常对照组血清脂联素,同时用气相色谱/质谱测定其游离脂肪酸成分.结果 高血压合并代谢综合征患者血清脂联素低于未合并代谢综合征组和正常对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),总脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸(亚油酸、油酸、花生四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、花生三烯酸)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和n6PUFA高于未合并代谢综合征组和正常组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).在研究对象中,脂联素与体重指数、腰围、腰臀比、甘油三酯呈负相关(r=-0.222,-0.235,-0.179,-0.194,P＜0.01或P＜0.05),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关(r=0.336,P＜0.01).总脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸与体重指数、腰围、空腹血糖、平均血压呈正相关(r=0.241和0.280,0.198和0.188,0.226和0.298,0.274和0.334,P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论 脂联素与游离脂肪酸代谢紊乱、n6系多不饱和脂肪酸升高,可能在原发性高血压合并代谢综合征的发病中起重要作用.     

2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素、脂联素与下肢动脉病变的关系

目的 探讨初诊2型糖尿病患者空腹血清抵抗素、脂联素水平与下肢动脉病变(PAD)的关系.方法 根据踝肱指数(ABI)将96例初诊2型糖尿病患者分为PAD组和非PAD组,另选取52例健康体检者作为正常对照组,测定患者空腹血清抵抗素、脂联素、血糖、血脂及胰岛素,测量身高、体重、血压;计算体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).结果 1.与正常对照组相比,2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素水平明显升高(P＜0.01),脂联素水平明显降低(P＜0.01).2.与非PAD组相比,PAD组患者年龄明显偏高(P＜0.01),血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平升高(P＜0.05)、HOMA-IR、血清抵抗素明显升高(P＜0.01),脂联素水平降低(P＜0.01).3.相关分析表明,2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素与ABI呈正相关(r=0.367,P＜0.05),血清抵抗素与ABI负相关(r=-0.421,P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病合并PAD患者血清抵抗素、脂联素水平明显改变且与ABI相关,抵抗素、脂联素可能在2型糖尿病下肢动脉病变的发生发展中起重要作用.     

心力衰竭患者血清脂联素水平与心功能的相关性研究

目的 探讨心力衰竭(简称心衰)患者血清脂联素水平与心衰严重程度、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、胰岛素抵抗(IR)之间的关系.方法 选择心衰患者92例,健康对照组30例,采用放射免疫分析法测定血清脂联素、TNF-α、CRP及空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,氧化酶法测定空腹血糖(FBG)水平,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).结果 心衰组血清脂联素水平较对照组显著降低[(4.14±1.23)μg/L比(9.25±1.74)μg/L,P＜0.01],且随着心衰程度的加重而逐渐降低[心功能Ⅱ级组(5.30±0.72)μg/L,心功能Ⅲ级组(4.17±0.97)μg/L,心功能Ⅳ级组(2.98±0.74)μg/L,P＜0.01],心衰患者不同病因组之间血清脂联素水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),心衰患者血清脂联素水平与TNF-α、CRP、HOMA-IR呈负相关(r=-0.608,P＜0.01,r=-0.592,P＜0.01,r=-0.668,P＜0.01).结论 心衰患者血清脂联素水平显著下降,并与心衰严重程度存在一定相关性,可以准确地评价心功能.     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清脂联素与严重程度的关系

目的 探讨老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清脂联素水平与心功能不全严重程度的关系,评价脂联素在慢性心衰病理过程中的意义.方法 检测55例老年慢性心力衰竭患者和15例对照者血清脂联素、血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平.结果 心衰组血清脂联素的水平较对照组有明显差异(P＜0.01).血清脂联素的水平随着心衰患者的NYHA级别的增加而明显增高(P＜0.001).对数转换的血清脂联素值与对数转换血浆BNP值呈正相关(r=0.513,P＜0.001).高脂联素血症组(脂联素≥14mg/L)有更低的6 min步行距离、血浆pH值、PO2和血钠水平和以及更高的PCO2(均P＜0.05).在1.5年的随诊期间内,高脂联素血症组较非高脂联素血症组有明显高的心衰复发住院次数(P＜0.05).结论 血清脂联素水平是预测老年心衰严重程度有价值的指标.高脂联素血症对慢性心衰可能是无益的.     

平均动脉压水平与血清脂联素浓度相关性研究

目的探讨不同平均动脉压水平与血清脂联素浓度的相关性。方法入选187例受试者,按不同血压水平以及治疗情况分为正常血压组、正常高值血压组、高血压未治疗组以及高血压正规药物治疗组。用放射免疫法检测血清脂联素浓度与尿微量白蛋白含量;计算胰岛素抵抗指数HOMA—IR和尿微量白蛋白与肌酐比（ACR）。结果（1）比较正常血压组和正常高值血压组发现,两组间平均动脉血压水平[（89±6）mmHg比（102±7）mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa]和脂联素浓度（中位数值：15．58μg／ml比9．06μg/ml）均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;高血压治疗组的脂联素浓度明显高于未治疗组（11．89μg/ml比5．37μg/ml,P〈0．01）。（2）Pearson相关分析也发现脂联素浓度与平均动脉血压呈负相关（r=-0.479,P〈0．001）;按性别分层分析也得到类似的结果（r=-0．441,P〈0．001）。（3）多元线性逐步回归分析发现平均动脉血压和胰岛素抵抗指数是血清脂联素的独立影响因素,两者解释了57％的血清脂联素浓度的变异。结论平均动脉血压对脂联素浓度的影响独立于胰岛素抵抗状态和肾脏排泄功能;平均动脉血压水平高的患者,其血清脂联素浓度相对偏低。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.