可溶性Fas,可溶性Fas配体与细胞因子在1型糖尿病发病中的意义

目的　研究可溶性Fas(sFas)和可溶性Fas配体(sFasL)与细胞因子在1型糖尿病发病中的作用。方法　32名1型糖尿病患者和20名正常人的血清,采用夹心BAS-ELISA法分别检测sFas,sFasL,γ干扰素(IFN-γ)及白细胞介素-1(IL-1)含量。结果　1型糖尿病血清中sFas,IFN-γ及IL-1含量分别为(1　　546±685,1　　074±451与1　　406±721)ng/L,显著高于正常组;sFasL为(211±73)mg/L,低于正常组但差异无显著性。在1型糖尿病患者中高浓度sFas伴高IFN-γ者共12例,低浓度sFas伴低IFN-γ者共9例。结论　1型糖尿病患者血清中的sFas,IFN-γ及IL-1高于正常人,sFas与IFN-γ浓度呈正相关(r=0.79,P＜0.05)。对1型糖尿病患者血清进行sFas,IFN-γ及IL-1等检测可作为反映胰岛细胞病变的辅助指标,有助于对疾病的诊断与治疗。     

心力衰竭患者血浆凋亡相关因子水平的变化及其临床意义

目的 :探讨作为凋亡抑制因子Fas (sFas)和凋亡诱导因子Fas配体 (sFasL)在心力衰竭患者血浆中的水平及其临床意义。方法 :采用酶联免疫吸附法测定 6 7例心力衰竭患者 (心力衰竭组 )和 2 0例健康人 (正常对照组 )血浆中的sFas、sFasL、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素 6水平。结果 :心力衰竭不同心功能状态患者血浆sFas、肿瘤坏死因子α水平均高于正常对照组 ,心功能Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级患者中sFas水平 ,心功能Ⅲ级患者白细胞介素 6水平亦高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ,并随心功能下降而上升 ,与心功能状态呈负相关 ,其水平与原发病无关。sFas和肿瘤坏死因子α水平在心功能Ⅱ级和Ⅳ级患者间比较有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :心力衰竭患者血浆中的sFas和sFasL的水平显著升高 ,提示sFas和sFasL水平升高乃至整个Fas/FasL系统可能在心力衰竭的发病中起着重要作用     

原发性胆汁肝硬化患者血清可溶性Fas、FasL水平变化及意义

采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法法检测20例原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者(PBC组)和24例正常体检者(对照组)血清可溶性Fas、FasL、(sFas、sFasL)水平.结果与对照组比较,PBC组血清sFas水平明显升高(P＜0.05),sFasL水平无明显差异(P＞0.05).提示检测血清sFas水平有助于PBC的诊断.     

sFas,sFasL在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨乳腺癌患者血清可溶性Fas(sFas)、可溶性FasL(sFasL)水平的变化及临床意义。方法采用ELISA法检测85例乳腺癌患者,24例乳腺良性病变者,30例为非乳腺疾病患者血清中sFas、sFasL的含量,分析两者与乳腺癌临床病理参数相关性及临床治疗对他们的影响。利用免疫组化S-P法检测85例乳腺癌及30例正常乳腺组织sFas和sFasL表达。结果乳腺癌患者血清sFas、sFasl水平高于两对照组,Ⅲ Ⅳ期高于Ⅰ Ⅱ期,治疗后低于治疗前(均P<0.05),sFas、sFasL与其他临床病理参数无显著相关性,两对照组血清sFas、sFasL水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。正常乳腺上皮、原位癌、浸润性癌中表达阳性率分别为40.0%,52.9%,69.2%;0.0%,100.0%,100.0%。结论sFas、sFasL可能与乳腺癌的免疫逃逸有关,可作为乳腺癌新的肿瘤标志物。     

左心衰竭患者血浆sFas水平变化及意义

目的 观察左心衰竭（LHF）患者血浆可溶性Fas （sFas）的水平变化并探讨临床意义.方法 入选LHF患者35例为LHF组,健康体检者20例为对照组.采用纽约心脏病学会（NYHA）心功能分级标准对LHF患者心功能进行分级.采用酶法检测两组血清肌酐（sCr）、丙氨酸氨基转移（ALT）、血糖（BG）和脑利钠肽（BNP）.ELISA法检测两组血浆sFas水平.结果 LHF组血清BNP、BG、sCr及血浆sFas水平均高于对照组（P均＜0.05）.LHF组心功能Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级者血浆sFas水平分别为（533.62±261.55）、（860.54±292.50）、（1 206.22 ±510.98）pg/mL,三者相比,P均＜0.05;相关性分析结果显示LHF患者血浆sFas水平与心功能分级呈正相关关系（r=0.614,P =0.000）.结论 LHF患者血浆sFas水平高于正常,且与心功能分级呈正相关;sFas水平变化可能与LHF的发病有关.     

老年肺癌患者血清可溶性Fas水平表达及其意义

目的探讨可溶性Fas(sFas)在老年肺癌及良性病变患者中的表达及其临床意义.方法用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测51例老年肺癌,15例结核和10例炎性假瘤患者血清中的sFas表达水平,并比较20例肺癌患者术前,术后;15例化疗前,化疗后sFas的变化.结果老年肺癌患者血清sFas水平(17.32±3.46)ng*ml-1明显高于良性病变及正常人(P＜0.01),随着临床分级的上升,sFas水平升高明显;sFas与年龄,性别,肿瘤大小及组织学分型无明显相关(P＞0.05).肺癌患者术后血清sFas水平较术前明显下降(P＜0.05);化疗后sFas水平较化疗前明显下降(P＜0.05)结论sFas可作为一种新的肿瘤检测指标,与肺癌的发生、发展及其预后密切相关.     

狼疮肾炎患者血清sFas和sFasL的变化

目的　研究狼疮肾炎患者血清sFas和sFasL的变化及意义。方法　采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)检测正常对照 18例和狼疮肾炎患者 45例血清sFas和sFasL水平。结果　狼疮肾炎患者sFas和sFasL水平分别为 (14± 7) μg/L和 (0 0 7± 0 0 4) μg/L ,与正常对照组 (2 9±1 2 ) μg/L和 (0 0 5± 0 0 1) μg/L相比 ,差异有高度显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。活动期sFas水平较缓解期明显增高 ,分别是 (17± 7) μg/L和 (9± 4) μg/L ,P <0 0 1;但sFasL活动期与缓解期差异无显著意义。狼疮肾炎血清sFas水平在白细胞减少、贫血、大量蛋白尿、肾功能减退、补体降低、ANA和抗RNP Ab阳性时升高 ;而sFasL仅在肾功能异常时减低 ,与其他指标没有明显相关性。结论　sFas及sFasL参与了狼疮肾炎的发生 ,sFas可作为狼疮肾炎的活动性实验室指标。     

心力衰竭患者血浆sFas 和sFasL水平的变化及其意义

目的:探讨凋亡相关因子可溶性Fas(sFas)及其可溶性Fas配体(sFasL)在心力衰竭(HF)患者血浆中的水平及其意义。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定HF组(67例)和对照组(20例)患者血浆中sFas和sFasL的水平。结果:HF组血浆sFas水平均高于对照组,sFasL水平在心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级时高于对照组,并随心功能状况的下降而增加,与心功能有良好的相关性(P<0.01),其水平与原发病无关。结论:HF患者血浆中的sFas和sFasL水平显著升高,提示sFas和sFasL水平升高以至整个Fas/APO系统可能在HF的发病中起着重要作用。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清sFas和sFasL的水平及临床意义

目的:探讨可溶性Fas(sFas)和可溶性FasL(sFasL)在慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中水平的高低及临床意义。方法:采用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测97例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中sFas和sFasL的水平,并以30名健康献血员作为对照。结果:慢性重型肝炎、肝炎肝硬化、慢性活动性肝炎患者血清中sFas和sFasL的水平,与正常对照组之间存在显著差异(P<0.01),随着病情加重,sFas和sFasL的水平逐渐升高,以重型肝炎升高更为显著;但sFas/sFasL比值呈明显下降趋势。结论:慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中sFas、sFasL水平与病情严重程度密切相关,临床测定慢性乙型肝炎患者血清sFas和sFasL水平,时病情判断及预测转归有一定的参考价值。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织Fas表达与血清可溶性Fas水平的关系

目的探讨患者肝组织中Fas的表达与血清可溶性Fas水平的关系。方法用免疫组化方法检测60例慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织Fas的表达,同时用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清可溶性Fas。结果重度慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中sFas水平>中度>轻度,各组间差异有显著意义(P<0.01);慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织Fas表达的程度和血清sFas水平与肝组织病变的活动性一致。结论 1.肝组织炎症程度与肝组织Fas抗原的表达有关;2.Fas介导的肝细胞凋亡在慢性乙型肝炎的发病机制中起重要作用,抑制肝细胞Fas表达有助于减轻肝细胞损伤程度。     

sFas与sFasL在自身免疫疾病中的意义

目的　研究sFas与sFasL在系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)等自身免疫疾病中的意义及抗单链DNA(ssDNA)抗体与sFas和sFasL介导凋亡的相关性。方法　采用夹心ELISA方法检测 31例SLE病人 ,32例类风湿关节炎 (RA)病人 ,2 0例 1型糖尿病 (IDDM )病人及 5例多发性硬化病 (MS)病人血清中sFas与sFasL含量及抗ssDNA抗体水平。结果　在SLE、RA、IDDM及MS患者血清中的sFas含量 (pg/ml)分别为 2 881± 16 5 3 ,988± 6 96 ,135 2± 413 ,15 40± 5 6 6 ,明显高于正常对照 (P <0 0 0 2 ) ,SLE病人sFas含量高于RA ,MS ,IDDM病人。SLE、RA患者血清sFasL含量 (pg/ml)分别为5 35± 431、12 38± 1184,明显高于正常对照 (P <0 0 2 ) ,MS、IDDM患者血清sFasL含量 (pg/ml)分别为 2 5 1± 140 ,2 11± 73 ,低于正常对照 (P >0 0 5 )。在SLE、RA病人中 ,高浓度sFasL者伴有高浓度sFas。在SLE病人中 ,所有抗ssDNA抗体阳性者均伴有高浓度sFas,所有抗sFas阴性者 ,ssDNA抗体也为阴性。结论　在SLE等疾病中sFas水平明显高于正常人 ,可作为疾病进展与治疗效果的判断指标。抗ssDNA抗体与sFas具有关联性。sFas与sFasL在疾病中的相互作用及动态变化有待进一步研究     

Ongoing myocardial damage in chronic heart failure is related to activated tumor necrosis factor and Fas/Fas ligand system.

BACKGROUND: Elevated concentrations of cardiac troponin T and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) identify patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and ongoing myocardial damage (OMD) who are at increased risk for future cardiac events. Cardiomyocyte necrosis and/or apoptosis via activated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system may be related to the development of OMD. METHODS AND RESULTS: The serum concentrations of H-FABP, a sensitive marker of membrane damage of cardiomyocytes, soluble Fas (sFas) and TNF-alpha were measured in 38 patients with CHF. The concentrations of H-FABP, TNF-alpha and s-Fas in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) III + IV were all significantly higher than in those patients in NYHA II (H-FABP; III + IV 9.3+/-5.9 vs II 5.1+/-1.8 ng/ml, p=0.003, TNF-alpha; III + IV 10.5+/-3.8 vs II 8.0+/-2.7 pg/ml, p=0.02, sFas; III + IV 3.36+/-1.37 vs II 2.58 +/-0.84 ng/ml, p=0.03). Increased concentrations of H-FABP significantly correlated with the concentrations of TNF- alpha (r=0.57, p=0.0001) and sFas (r=0.69, p<0.0001), independent of renal function. CONCLUSION: OMD detected by H-FABP, a marker of membrane damage, is related to activated TNF and the Fas/FasL system, which suggests a pathophysiological role of cardiomyocyte necrosis and/or apoptosis in patients with worsening heart failure.     

Physical training modulates proinflammatory cytokines and the soluble Fas/soluble Fas ligand system in patients with chronic heart failure

OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the effects of physical training on circulating proinflammatory cytokines and the soluble apoptosis mediators Fas (sFas) and Fas ligand (sFasL) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND: Recent investigations have shown an overexpression of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and soluble apoptosis mediators in patients with CHF, which may be related to their exercise intolerance and clinical deterioration. METHODS: Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble TNF receptors I and II (sTNF-RI and sTNF-RII, respectively), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), sFas and sFasL were measured in 24 patients with stable CHF (New York Heart Association functional class II/III; left ventricular ejection fraction 23.2 +/- 1.3%) and in 20 normal control subjects before and after a 12-week program of physical training in a randomized, crossover design. Functional status of patients with CHF was evaluated by using a cardiorespiratory exercise test to measure peak oxygen consumption (VO2max). RESULTS: Physical training produced a significant reduction in plasma levels of TNF-alpha (7.5 +/- 1.0 pg/ml vs. 4.6 +/- 0.7 pg/ml, p < 0.001), sTNF-RI (3.3 +/- 0.2 ng/ml vs. 2.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, p < 0.005), sTNF-RII (2.6 +/- 0.2 ng/ml vs. 2.3 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, p = 0.06), IL-6 (8.3 +/- 1.2 pg/ml vs. 5.9 +/- 0.8 pg/ml, p < 0.005), sIL-6R (34.0 +/- 3.0 ng/ml vs. 29.2 +/- 3.0 ng/ml, p < 0.01), sFas (5.5 +/- 0.7 ng/ml vs. 4.5 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, p = 0.05) and sFasL (34.9 +/- 5.0 pg/ml vs. 25.2 +/- 4.0 pg/ml, p < 0.05), as well as a significant increase in VO2max (16.3 +/- 0.7 ml/kg per min vs. 18.7 +/- 0.8 ml/kg per min, p < 0.001). Good correlations were found between a training-induced increase in VO2max and a training-induced reduction in levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha (r = -0.54, p < 0.01) and the apoptosis inducer sFasL (r = -0.57, p < 0.005) in patients with CHF. In contrast, no significant difference in circulating cytokines and apoptotic markers was found with physical training in normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Physical training reduces plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and the sFas/sFasL system in patients with CHF. These immunomodulatory effects may be related to the training-induced improvement in functional status of patients with CHF.     

Circulating soluble Fas ligand correlates with disease activity in Graves' hyperthyroidism

Apoptosis of thyrocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis. Meanwhile, the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) apoptosis pathway has received much attention in physiological homeostasis and immune regulation in various thyroid diseases, including Graves' hyperthyroidism (GD). FasL is a type II membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor family, and induces apoptosis when it binds to Fas. Soluble FasL (sFasL) may also exert cytotoxic activity against Fas-expressing cells by producing trimerization of Fas molecule, but soluble Fas (sFas) is an apoptotic inhibitor. To determine the role of circulating sFas/sFasL in modulating disease activity of GD, we examined the circulating levels of sFas/sFasL in GD patients with various levels of anti-thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies (TRAb). Serum samples were obtained from 22 consecutive untreated hyperthyroid GD patients with higher TRAb level (63.8% +/- 12.5%, group I) and 22 treated euthyroid GD patients, who were in a state of disease remission, with lower TRAb level (7.9% +/-5.9%, group II). The levels of sFas were significantly higher in group I (1.56 +/- 0.26 ng/mL) than in group II (0.76 +/- 0.26 ng/mL, P <.01). The levels of sFasL were also significantly higher in group I patients (0.153 +/- 0.018 ng/mL) than in group II patients (0.126 +/- 0.012 ng/mL, P <.01). A significant correlation was found between sFasL levels and TRAb activity in all GD patients (r = 0.69, P <.01). Because changes in sFasL levels and TRAb levels occur in parallel, increased serum sFasL in patients with GD may contribute to homeostasis in the thyroid. Serum sFasL may be considered to be a candidate marker for evaluating disease aggression or regression in GD.     

Proinflammatory cytokines, soluble Fas receptor, nitric oxide and angiotensin converting enzyme in congestive heart failure

We measured serum interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), Fas receptor (sFas), nitric oxide (NO), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in 45 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) of different etiologies. The relatioship between these bioindices and the severity of heart failure was analysed. Patients were classified according to the etiology of heart failure into: 15 patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease (RHD), 17 with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 13 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Patients were further classified according to severity of CHF following the New York Heart Association classification (NYHA) into: NYHA class II (n= 7), NYHA class III (n=20) and NYHA class IV (n=18). Eighteen healthy subjects were included as controls. Serum sIL-2R, TNF-alpha and sFas levels were determined by ELISA while serum NO and ACE levels were measured by colorimetric methods. Doppler Echocardiography was performed for all participants. Levels of sIL-2R, TNF-alpha, sFas, NO, and ACE were significantly higher in CHF patients than controls. Levels of the bioindices varied according to the CHF etiology. TNF-a level was the only one that had significant differences among different subgroups (RHD, IHD and DCM). The levels of sIL-2R, TNF-alpha, NO and sFas in patients with NYHA class IV were significantly higher than class II or III. Moreover, sIL-2R, TNF-alpha and NO levels were significantly higher in patients with diastolic dysfunction than patients with normal diastolic function. A significant positive correlations were found between sFas and both TNF-alpha and sIL-2R and between TNF-alpha and both NO and diastolic function. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between TNF-alpha and sIL-2R in both IHD and RHD patients and between sIL-2R and both ACE in IHD patients and diastolic function in DCM patients. It is concluded that a relationship exists between immune system activation, apoptosis and renin- angiotensin system in CHF and this may play a significant role in the pathophysiology and prognosis of the disease.     

Increased serum levels of soluble Fas in progressive B-CLL

Clinical progression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) depends on survival and accumulation of leukemic cells, regulated in part by physical cell contact and soluble molecules. Here we have studied the Fas/FasL system in relation to clinical progression in B-CLL. Serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas) and FasL (sFasL) were determined by ELISA in 43 progressive and 40 non-progressive B-CLL patients and in 21 control individuals. Correlation between sFas serum levels and clinical progression, stage and survival were statistically analyzed. We found high levels of sFas in B-CLL sera correlated with disease progression (p<0.01). In addition, higher sFas levels were found in patients in stages II, III and IV in comparison to patients in stage 0 (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.03, respectively). Survival was significantly shorter for patients with > or =6 ng/ml sFas serum levels, although a multivariate analysis did not show sFas to be a significant independent prognostic factor. Fresh B-CLL cells showed only low levels of membrane expression, which were not correlated to sFas levels in serum. In vitro activation of B-CLL cells increased Fas expression, as reported earlier, and induced cells to release sFas into the supernatant. In conclusion, our results indicate that sFas in serum may be a useful parameter for the prediction of clinical progression in B-CLL.     

Influence of levothyroxine treatment on serum levels of soluble Fas (CD95) and Fas Ligand (CD95L) in chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism

Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis results in the destruction of thyrocytes in chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism (CAIH). In this study, we examined the serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble sFas ligand (sFasL) in euthyroid patients with chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism, who were taking levothyroxine (euthyroid, LT4-CAIH), to investigate the possible role of thyroid hormone therapy in down-regulation of apoptotic factors. Fifty euthyroid patients with CAIH on levothyroxine (median of duration 36 months, range 6-228 months) were compared with 75 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Serum levels of soluble Fas and soluble Fas Ligand, autoantibodies to thyroid peroxide and thyroglobulin were measured using ELISA. Serum levels of sFas were significantly higher in the euthyroid, LT4-CAIH group [median 9.12 ng/ml, interquartile range (7.86-10.72 ng/ml)] than in the controls [6.11 ng/ml (5.60-6.81 ng/ml)] (P < 0.0001). Compared with controls [80.33 pg/ml (68.22-103.70 pg/ml)], the euthyroid, LT4-CAIH group [125.71 pg/ml (106.11-149.48 pg/ml)] had significantly higher levels of sFasL (P < 0.0001). In a chronological study, there was no significant correlation between sFas, sFasL, and the duration of levothyroxine therapy. In conclusion, normalization of serum sFas and sFasL levels cannot be achieved during levothyroxine treatment in patients with CAIH. It appears that levothyroxine therapy has no important effect on down-regulation of apoptotic factors in CAIH. Thus, like thyroid autoantibodies, monitoring of serum levels of sFas/sFasL is not indicated during thyroid hormone therapy.     

The evaluation of soluble Fas and soluble Fas ligand levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in lung cancer patients

Fas-Fas Ligand (FasL) is one of the major mediator system that activates programmed cell death. Cleavage of membranebound FasL by a metalloproteinase-like enzyme resulted in the formation of soluble FasL (sFasL). sFasL as well as the transmembrane form of FasL binds to Fas and transduces apoptotic signal in Fas-expressing cells. It's suggested that soluble Fas (sFas) and sFasL has an impact on tumor progress and immune escape feature of tumor cells from the host immune system. Since Fas antigen expression in the lungs has been localized to alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells, in this study we aimed to investigate the sFas (pg/mL) and sFasL levels (pg/mL) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in lung cancer patients. Study population was consisted of 27 patients with lung cancer (mean age 62.9 +/- 10.7 years, 25 control subjects (mean age 47.9 +/- 13.9 years). BAL was performed under local anesthesia, on the unaffected lung of patients; either subsegments of right middle or lingula. BAL sFas and sFasL were evaluated by using ELISA method. The mean levels of sFas was 60.8 +/- 56.8 in lung cancer patient and 39.5 +/- 25.9 in control subjects (p> 0.05). The mean levels of sFasL was 51.6 +/- 39.2 in cancer patient and 41.2 +/- 27.4 in control subjects (p> 0.05). In conclusion, although we did not observe any significant difference between two groups, higher BAL levels of sFas and sFasL levels in lung cancer patients than control subjects, made us thought that apoptosis might have a role development and progression of lung cancer.