Cystic degeneration of a uterine leiomyoma masquerading as a postmenopausal ovarian cyst. A case report

BACKGROUND: Leiomyomas are the most common of uterine neoplasms and a major cause of visits to gynecologists. While most often straightforward in their presentation and management, they can undergo various kinds of asymptomatic degeneration that drastically alters their appearance and muddies the process of diagnosis. CASE: A 51-year-old woman was referred with a large adnexal mass that appeared on ultrasound to be a simple ovarian cyst. Because of its 10-cm diameter in a postmenopausal patient who could not guarantee close follow-up, surgery was performed. Normal ovaries were encountered, along with a large uterine cyst, identified as a degenerative leiomyoma. CONCLUSION: Our case appears to be the largest simple cystic degenerative uterine leiomyoma reported and illustrates the possible diagnostic confusions. Subtle clues may differentiate uterine from adnexal cystic structures sonographically, but this case illustrates that while extremely valuable, sonographic evaluation in gynecology is not infallible.     

Cryptococcosis masquerading as a tuboovarian abscess.

This report describes a 25-year-old human immunodeficiency virus- seropositive patient who initially presented with clinical features of a tuboovarian abscess. After a poor response to antibiotic therapy, laparotomy and excision of a right-sided, unilocular, pseudocystic ovarian mass measuring 140 x 80 x 60 mm were undertaken. Mucoid gelatinous material, with a glistening appearance and slimy consistency, coated the inner surface of the thick wall. The cyst contained clear, viscid fluid with a similar slimy consistency. Although the macroscopic diagnosis was that of an ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, histopathologic assessment confirmed a well-circumscribed pseudocystic cryptococcoma with a wall of granulation and fibrous tissue and compressed ovarian stroma. The inner surface was covered by large, paucireactive, extracellular "yeast lakes" of carminophilous Cryptococcus neoformans yeasts of varying shape and size. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of ovarian cryptococcosis in the English language literature. Despite their rarity in the female genital tract, fungal infections must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with pelvic pain of obscure origin and a pelvic mass that is refractory to antibiotic therapy.     

Massive cystic degeneration of a pedunculated leiomyoma

A 51-year-old woman presented with a large abdominopelvic mass suspicious on preoperative imaging for ovarian malignancy. At laparotomy, a large cystic mass was found originating from the uterus and adherent to the proximal ileum. Pathologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of cystic leiomyoma.     

抗凝疗法在子宫肌瘤红色变性治疗中的应用

1关于子宫肌癌红色变性 子宫肌瘤是妇科常见肿瘤，在一定条件下，可发生肌瘤变性。当子宫肌瘤局部的血流供应不足时常发生各种子宫肌瘤退行性变。红色变性是一种特殊形态的子宫肌瘤变性方式，多发生于妊娠期或产褥期，可能由于肌瘤内小血管退行性变，引起血栓或溶血所致。     

子宫肌瘤红色变性67例临床分析

目的　研究子宫肌瘤红色变性的临床特征及妊娠期与非妊娠期子宫肌瘤红色变性的异同 ,探讨子宫肌瘤红色变性的发生机制。方法　对 1993～ 2 0 0 2年间手术治疗的 2 3 17例子宫肌瘤患者进行回顾性研究 ,并对行子宫肌瘤切除术的患者进行随访。结果　红色变性 67例 ,占同期 2 3 17例子宫肌瘤患者的 2 89% ,子宫肌瘤合并妊娠患者中 2 1 85%发生红色变性 ,而非妊娠期子宫肌瘤患者仅 1 87%发生红色变性 ,二者差异有统计学意义(P <0 0 0 1)。子宫肌瘤红色变性患者最常见症状为月经改变 ,出现在 2 9 85%的患者 ,2 0 90 %的患者有腹痛症状 ,17 91%的患者肌瘤增大较快 ,16 42 %有肌瘤压痛 ,14 93 %的患者白细胞计数升高。B超提示肌瘤个数妊娠组少于非妊娠组患者 ,最大肌瘤妊娠组 61 54%位于浆膜下 ,而非妊娠组 82 92 %位于肌壁间 ,妊娠组最大肌瘤直径明显小于非妊娠组 ,两组分别为 4 0 8cm和 7 2 8cm ,以上差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。 97 0 1%的患者最大肌瘤发生变性。行肌瘤切除术的子宫肌瘤红色变性患者术后复发率与是否合并妊娠无明显相关 ,而与肌瘤个数有关 (P =0 0 2 4)。结论　妊娠期与非妊娠期子宫肌瘤患者红色变性发生率、肌瘤大小和部位等临床病理特征存在很大差异 ,考虑其红色变性发生机制     

Hypogastric artery aneurysm masquerading as an ovarian neoplasm.

Hypogastric artery aneurysm in women is rare. The case presented demonstrates how this lesion can easily mimic an ovarian neoplasm. The missed diagnosis can be catastrophic if the surgeon is unfamiliar with the retroperitoneal anatomy and is confronted with arterial hemorrhage. Hypogastric artery aneurysm should be included in the differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass in elderly women with atherosclerotic disease. The report reviews the literature on the presentation, diagnosis, and recommended treatments.     

Uterine arteries embolization as a treatment of uterine leiomyoma

Uterine artery embolization is a new method of treating uterine leiomyomata, first carried out in France in the early 90s. The procedures involve placing a small catheter into an artery in the groin and directing it to the blood supply of the fibroid. Little plugs of polyvinyl alcohol are injected through the catheter to block these arteries. This cause the fibroid to shrink. Indications for uterine fibroid embolization include menorrhagia, pelvic pain or pressure, other "bulk" syndrome (low-back pain, urinary frequency and constipation. The fluoroscopic-guided procedure is performed under local anesthesia. Most patients are discharged within 72 hours. Post-embolization syndrome including severe pain is managed with morphine via patient-controlled pump. Paper reviews long term outcomes. Uterine artery embolization has several advantages: high efficacy, less invasiveness, ability to treat multifocal changes, uterine preservation, shorter hospitalisation and recovery (low cost) and disadvantages: postembolic syndrome (pain and fever), unknown relations to pregnancy and lack of long term results.     

A urachal leiomyoma misdiagnosed as an ovarian tumor.

A case of leiomyoma of the urachus occurred in a 39-year-old woman with an abdominal mass. It was initially diagnosed as an ovarian tumor.     

Vulvar leiomyoma. Report of a case

We report the case of a 44-year-old, who was resected of a vulvar tumor. The pathological report was leiomyoma with focal myxoid degeneration, which is an infrequent benign tumor.     

Bladder leiomyoma: rare presentation as a pelvic mass

Bladder leiomyomas are rare tumors. They very rarely present as a pelvic mass. We present an interesting case where a giant bladder leiomyoma was mistaken to be an ovarian mass. A bladder preserving surgery was performed. The literature is reviewed and the management is discussed.     

Uterine leiomyoma metastasis as a first sign of breast cancer

Uterine metastases from extragenital cancer are rarely reported in the literature. More frequently, the female genital tract is involved by direct extension from an adjacent pelvic organ. A 37-year-old woman had a myoma of the uterine wall and hypermenorrhea. The mass was laparoscopically enucleated, and frozen section examination was performed because it was macroscopically suspicious for sarcomatoid degeneration. The final diagnosis was metastatic carcinoma in the uterus of probable breast origin.