硝苯地平对高血压性心脏病舒张功能的影响及其机理的探讨

硝苯地平对高血压性心脏病舒张功能的影响及其机理的探讨侯应龙，张宁仔，王进章舒张功能异常是早或中期高血压性心脏病（高心病）心功能变化的重要特征。细胞内Ｃａ２＋超负荷则可能为舒张功能异常的重要生化机制。据此，我们用硝苯地平（ＮＦ）对随机选择的２３例高心病...     

开搏通、倍他乐克治疗高血压左心室舒张功能减退疗效观察

高血压患者在心功能处于代偿时，可出现左心室舒张功能(LVDF)减退。高血压LVDF减退严重者可诱发心肌梗死。2001年2月至2003年2月，我们采用开搏通、倍他乐克联合治疗高血压LVDF减退患者98例，取得良好的临床效果。现报告如下。     

多普勒组织成像评价高血压性心脏病患者右室舒张功能

目前国内外对高血压性心脏病患者右室舒张功能方面的研究鲜有报道,准确评价右室舒张功能对于疾病的治疗、估测预后具有重要的作用。2001～2002年,我们采用无创伤性频谱多普勒技术研究高血压性心脏病患者的右室舒张功能。现报告如下。     

福辛普利与依那普利对高血压心脏病左室舒张功能影响的对比研究

目的:比较福辛普利与依那普利对高血压心脏病(高心病)左室舒张功能的影响。方法:将128例高心病患者随机单盲分为福辛普利组和依那普利组,每日早晨分别口服福辛普利10mg或依那普利5mg,2周后若坐位收缩压≥160mmHg和(或)坐位舒张压≥95mmHg者,则剂量加倍,4周后血压仍达上述水平则加服双氢克尿噻25mg/d,疗程3个月。治疗前后分别用脉冲多普勒血流频谱测定二尖瓣口及瓣下3cm处左室内的舒张期充盈速度E_0、A_0及E_3,计算E_0/A_0、E_3/E_0,评价左室舒张功能的变化。结果:两组病人经治疗后E_0、E_0/A_0及E_3均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.01与P<0.05),E_3/E_0升高更明显(P<0.001与P<0.01)。福半普利效果较依那普利更显著。结论:福辛普利可较显著地改善左室的舒张功能。     

氯沙坦联合贝那普利治疗对高血压性心脏病患者左室舒张功能的影响

目的探讨氯沙坦联合贝那普利治疗对高血压性心脏病患者左室舒张功能的影响。方法将91例高血压性心脏病伴心功能不全患者随机分为两组,治疗组46例,每日口服氯沙坦50～100mg及贝那普利10mg,地高辛0．125～0．25mg,双氢克尿塞25mg或速尿20μg,阿斯匹林100mg。对照组45例,除无氯沙坦外余同治疗组,持续6个月。两组治疗前后检查心脏彩超测定左室舒张功能。结果治疗组左室舒张功能治疗前后比较具有显著性差异,且优于对照组（P〈0．05）。对照组治疗3个月时上述指标改变不明显（P〉0．05）。临床疗效评定：治疗组总有效率95．08％,对照组总有效率66．67％,两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论氯沙坦和贝那普利可抑制高血压性心脏病患者神经内分泌激活,改善左室舒张功能。     

福辛普利与依那普利对高血压心脏病左室舒张功能影响的对比研究

目的比较福辛普利与依那普利对高血压心脏病(高心病)左室舒张功能的影响.方法将128例高心病患者随机单盲分为福辛普利组和依那普利组,每日早晨分别口服福辛普利10mg或依那普利5mg,2周后若坐位收缩压≥160mmHg和(或)坐位舒张压≥95mmHg者,则剂量加倍,4周后血压仍达上述水平则加服双氢克尿噻25mg/d,疗程3个月.治疗前后分别用脉冲多普勒血流频谱测定二尖瓣口及瓣下3cm处左室内的舒张期充盈速度E0、A0及E3,计算E0/A0、E3/E0,评价左室舒张功能的变化.结果两组病人经治疗后E0、E0/A0及E3均较治疗前明显升高(P＜0.01与P＜0.05),E3/E0升高更明显(P＜0.001与P＜0.01).福辛普利效果较依那普利更显著.结论福辛普利可较显著地改善左室的舒张功能.     

高血压性心脏病患者心电图P波变化与左室舒张功能关系的探讨

目的探讨高血压性心脏病(HHD)患者P波的变化与左室舒张功能(LDF)的关系.方法对80例HHD(A组)进行常规心电图(ECG)与彩色多普勒超声心动图(简称UCG)检查,测定P波的宽度和LDF,并与40例非心血管疾病(B组)作对照分析.结果A组与B组比较P波宽度和E/A比值均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论HHD可引起P波增宽,可作为判断LDH的指标.     

脉冲组织多普勒评价甲状腺功能减低性心脏病右心室舒张功能

目的：应用脉冲组织多普勒技术评价甲状腺功能减退患者右心室舒张功的变化。方法采用 GEV ivid 7心血管彩色超声诊断仪评价正常组与甲状腺功能减低组的右心室舒张功能。结果甲状腺功能减低组的右心室舒张早期血流峰值 E峰、舒张早期峰值速度（Em）、舒张晚期峰值速度（Am）、Em /Am 比值、E /Em 比值与正常组相比差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论脉冲组织多普勒技术是评价右心室舒张功能的良好手段,甲状腺功能减低患者右心舒张功能有明显损害。     

评价冠状动脉性心脏病患者左心室舒张功能的超声方法进展

近年来,冠状动脉性心脏病左心室舒张功能不全的研究越来越受到关注。部分冠状动脉性心脏病患者左心室舒张功能减退早于收缩功能减退,正确评价冠状动脉性心脏病患者左心室舒张功能对其诊断和治疗都具有重要的临床意义。现综述近年来超声领域评价冠状动脉性心脏病患者左心室舒张功能的研究进展。     

The clinical quandary of left and right ventricular diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure

Summary

Diastolic heart failure is a common clinical entity that is indistinguishable from systolic heart failure without direct evaluation of left ventricular function. Diastolic heart failure is a clinical diagnosis in patients with signs and symptoms of heart failure but with preserved left ventricular function and normal ejection fraction, and is often seen in patients with a long-standing history of hypertension or infiltrative cardiac diseases. In contrast, diastolic dysfunction represents a mechanical malfunction of the relaxation of the left ventricular chamber that is primarily diagnosed by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and usually does not present clinically as heart failure. The abnormal relaxation is usually separated in different degrees, based on the severity of reduction in passive compliance and active myocardial relaxation. The question whether diastolic dysfunction ultimately will lead to diastolic heart failure is critically reviewed, based on data from the literature. Treatment recommendations for diastolic heart failure are primarily targeted at risk reduction and symptom relief. Currently, few data only are reported on diastolic dysfunction and its progression to systolic heart failure.     

老年舒张性心力衰竭与收缩性心力衰竭患者左心形态及功能的超声评价

目的　探讨老年舒张性心力衰竭与收缩性心力衰竭患者超声左心形态、功能的特点。方法　对临床确诊的 30例老年左心室舒张性心力衰竭 (L VDHF)病例及 36例老年左心室收缩性心力衰竭 (L VSHF)病例进行超声检测 ,以2 0例正常人为对照组。结果　 1与 L VSHF组比较 ,L VDHF组左心房内径 (L AD)、左心室内径 (L VD)扩大程度小 ,但室间隔厚度 (IVST)、左心室后壁厚度 (PWT)增加。 2与对照组比较 ,L VDHF组 L AD、IVST、PWT增加 ,但L VD无显著性差异 ,L VSHF组 L VD显著性扩大。 3L VDHF组左心室射血分数 (L VEF)、心脏指数 (CI)与对照组比较无显著差异 ,而 L VSHF组 L VEF、CI减低。4与对照组比较 ,L VDHF组二尖瓣舒张早期流速峰值 (EPFV)、二尖瓣舒张早、晚期流速峰值比 (E/ A )、舒张早期减速度 (DC)减低 ,二尖瓣舒张晚期流速峰值 ((APFV )、等容舒张时间 (IRT)增高。L VDHF组上述指标与 L VSHF组无显著差异。结论　难以单纯从超声左心室舒张功能指标判断有无 L VDHF的存在 ,应综合分析判断。     

老年左室舒张性心力衰竭超声心动图观察

目的评价老年左室舒张性心力衰竭超声左心形态、功能的特点。方法对核素心室造影证实的４０例左室舒张性心力衰竭（ＬＶＤＨＦ）及３０例左室收缩性心力衰竭（ＬＶＳＨＦ）进行超声心动图检查，并以２０例正常人为对照组（ＣＧ）。结果ＬＶＤＨＦ组左房内径、室间壁及左室后壁厚度增加，左室内径不大，左室舒张功能参数减低，而左室收缩功能参数正常。ＬＶＳＨＦ组左室内径明显增加，左室收缩、舒张功能参数均异常。结论老年ＬＶＤＨＦ超声心动图特点为左房内径扩大、室壁增厚、左室内径不大，左室收缩功能正常，而左室舒张功能异常。     

左室舒张性心功能障碍超声左心形态、功能及运动耐量的改变50例分析

对核素心血池扫描证实的５０例左室舒张性心功能障碍（ＬＶＤＤ）病例、２６例左室收缩性心功能障碍（ＬＶＳＨＦ）病例进行Ｍ型、二维、多普勒超声心动图及活动平板运动试验检测，并以２０例正常人为对照组（ＣＧ）。结果表明：（１）左心形态学改变：与ＬＶＳＨＦ组比较，ＬＶＤＤ组左房内径（ＬＡＤ）、左室内径（ＬＶＤ）无明显增加，室间隔厚度（ＩＶＳＴ）、左室后壁厚度（ＰＷＴ）增加。与ＣＧ组比较，ＬＶＤＤ组ＬＡＤ、ＩＶＳＴ、ＰＷＴ增加，但ＬＶＤ差异无显著性。（２）ＬＶＤＤ组收缩功能指标：左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）、心脏指数（ＣＩ）与ＣＧ组比较差异无显著性，ＬＶＳＨＦ组与ＣＧ组比较，ＬＶＳＨＦ组ＬＶＥＦ、ＣＩ减低。与ＣＧ组比较，ＬＶＤＤ组左室舒张功能指标：二尖瓣舒张早期流速峰值（ＥＰＦＶ）、二尖瓣舒张早、晚期流速峰值比（Ｅ／Ａ）、舒张早期减速度（ＤＣ）比ＣＧ组减低，二尖瓣舒张晚期流速峰值（ＡＰＦＶ）、等容舒张时间（ＩＲＴ）较ＣＧ组增高。ＬＶＤＤ组各左室舒张功能指标与ＬＶＳＨＦ组差异无显著性。（３）ＬＶＤＤ组运动时间、运动当量显著低于ＣＧ组，但高于ＬＶＳＨＦ组。     

左室舒张功能不全患者运动试验后心率恢复分析

目的探讨左室舒张功能不全(LVDD)患者运动负荷试验后3 min内的心率恢复(HRR)变化及意义。方法选取83例LVDD患者及37例正常对照,均进行心电图运动负荷试验,记录静息心率、峰值心率及运动后3 min内的心率,计算运动后第1,2,3 min的HRR(HRR1,HRR2,HRR3)及HRR的校正值(HRR1%,HRR2%,HRR3%),比较两组间HRR指标的关系。结果两组间静息心率、预测储备心率、HRR1、HRR1%、HRR2%及反应运动能力的代谢当量(METs)、运动时间均无明显差异(P>0.05),而峰值心率(127±16次/分vs 140±14次/分)、心率储备(43±17次/分vs 53±14次/分)、HRR2(34±8次/分vs 42±14次/分)、HRR3(39±12 vs 49±13)及HRR3%(30±8 vs 35±8),LVDD组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 LVDD患者HRR较正常人减低,推测此类患者存在自主神经调节异常的早期改变。     

依那普利对老年高血压病病人左室舒张功能改善的临床观察

应用平衡法放射性核素心室造影，观察了依那普利（悦宁啶）对老年高血压病患者左室舒张功能的影响。结果表明：血压治疗后较治疗前明显降低，其中收缩压治疗后（１８．５±１．８ｋＰａ）较治疗前（２２．５±２．７ｋＰａ）明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），舒张压治疗后（１０．６±１．１ｋＰａ）较治疗前（１３．７±１．４ｋＰａ）明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），左室舒张功能得到不同程度改善。平均充盈率（ＭＦＲ）治疗后（１．５００４±０．３５２３）较治疗前（１．３９１１±０．４０８５）明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；１／３充盈分数（１／３ＦＦ）治疗后（０．３４４５±０．１３０４）较治疗前（０．２７７９±０．１１５）明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示依那普利在有效地降低血压的同时，亦能确切地改善左室舒张功能。     

老年高血压左室肥厚与舒张功能的关系

目的探讨老年高血压病患者左室肥厚（ＬＶＨ）与舒张功能的关系。方法６０例老年高血压病患者经二维超声检查分为ＬＶＨ组及无ＬＶＨ组，并设对照组（无高血压者）。用脉冲式多普勒分别测定二尖瓣舒张早期血流充盈峰值（ＰＶＥ）、舒张晚期充盈峰值（ＰＶＡ）及ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＥ以评价左室舒张功能。全部数据用ｘ±ｓ表示，组间差异用ｔ检验，指标间相关关系用直线相关求出并进行相关系数显著性检验。Ｐ＜０．０５为判断差异有显著性的标准。结果老年高血压病患者左室心肌重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）增加、左房增大、左室舒张功能受损。且ＬＶＭＩ增加与左室舒张功能受损有关。结论老年高血压病患者左室舒张功能受损先于收缩功能受损。而且，左室舒张功能受损并非ＬＶＨ所致，但ＬＶＨ可加重左室舒张功能受损。左房（ＬＡ）增大是左室舒张功能受损的代偿结果。     

Left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with left ventricular dysfunction

The pattern of abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling and its specificity in coronary disease patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction has received little attention. We evaluated the left ventricular diastolic filling curve derived from gated blood pool scans in 21 normals, 61 coronary disease patients with ejection fractions less than or equal to 30%, and 51 congestive cardiomyopathy patients with ejection fraction less than or equal to 30%. The peak filling rate (PFR), peak ejection rate (PER), PFR/PER and the % stroke volume filled at 1/3 of diastole (%SV-1/3 DT) and at the end of the rapid filling period (%SV-RFP) were determined for each group. The PFR and PER were reduced in both coronary disease and congestive cardiomyopathy groups. The PFR/PER was increased in the coronary disease group (1.19 +/- 0.28) and congestive cardiomyopathy group (1.21 +/- 0.32) as compared to normals (0.93 +/- 0.20, P less than 0.001). A greater %SV-1/3 DT and %SV-RFP were noted in both coronary disease and congestive cardiomyopathy groups. Coronary disease and congestive cardiomyopathy patients with a mean pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP) greater than or equal to 18 mm Hg had a greater PFR/PER, %SV-1/3 DT, and %SV-RFP than patients with a PCP less than 18 mm Hg. An abnormal and nonspecific pattern of left ventricular diastolic filling is present in both coronary disease and congestive cardiomyopathy patients and is characterized by an increased PFR/PER, a greater %SV-1/3 DT, and a greater %SV-RFP. This pattern may be related to elevated PCPs.     

Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic and systolic function in Saudi patients with sickle cell disease

Background and objectivesSickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic, inherited haemoglobin disorder, associated with recurrent vaso-occlusive and haemolytic crises and chronic tissue ischemia which may adversely affect any organ system. Our objectives were to evaluate the left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions in Saudi patients with SCD originally from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Design and settingProspective hospital based echocardiography study on adolescent and adult patients with SCD.MethodsForty-five patients with SCD were recruited for echocardiographic study while 45 patients, matched for age and sex, served as controls. Left and right ventricular dimensions and LV wall thicknesses, LV mass index (LVMI) and LV contractility variables were obtained. Left atrial dimension and volume and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) were also estimated. We also evaluated parameters of LV diastolic function, including early and late mitral flow velocities (E and A wave respectively), E/A ratio, deceleration time (MVDT), A wave duration (MVA D), LV isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), and tissue Doppler velocities, such as lateral annular e‘ wave, a‘ wave, e‘/a‘ ratio and E/e‘ ratio.ResultsThere were increases in the LV dimensions, LV volumes, stroke volume, and LVMI of the SCD patients. The preload was increased (LV diastolic volume) and afterload was decreased (low diastolic blood pressure). The LVEF was equivalent, though there was evidence of LV diastolic dysfunction in 24%, and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in 40% of the SCD patients. The mean left atrial volume (LAV) was also increased in the SCD patients.ConclusionLV diastolic dysfunction (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) and PH may complicate cases of the Arab-Indian haplotype of SCD.     

T-wave inversion and diastolic dysfunction in patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate if T-wave inversion (TWI) in the settings of electrocardiogram (ECG)–left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with advanced diastolic dysfunction (DD) in subjects with preserved ejection fraction (EF).

Background

Animal studies suggested that an abnormal transmural repolarization sequence from endocardium to epicardium may contribute to DD. However, little is known about abnormal repolarization sequence and DD in humans.

Methods

We studied 231 patients with ECG-diagnosed LVH and with an EF of 50% or greater (measured within 6 months of the index ECG). T-wave inversion was assessed on leads I, aVL, V₄, V₅, or V₆. Diastolic dysfunction was defined based on echocardiographic estimation of the left atrial pressure. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio of DD comparing patients with TWI with those without TWI.

Results

The average age was 65.0 ± 14.2 years, and 61% were women. The mean EF was 61.8% ± 6.6%. Patients with TWIs were more likely to have coronary artery disease (P = .013) and diabetes (P = .007). There was a 5.6-fold increased odds of DD in patients with TWI compared with those without TWI in a model adjusting for sex, age, relative wall thickness, body mass index, hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. When comparing different echocardiographic estimates of the left atrial pressure, patients with TWI displayed higher values for septal and lateral E/e′, left atrial volume index, and right ventricular/right atrial peak systolic gradient (P < .01 for each parameter).

Conclusions

T-wave inversion is associated with increased odds of DD in patients with ECG-LVH with preserved systolic function. The reversal of the normal sequence of repolarization manifested on the 12-lead ECG as TWI may be a factor to DD.