药物涂层支架对冠心病治疗的初步观察

目的　评价雷帕霉素药物涂层支架 (CYPHER ,Cordis)对冠心病治疗效果的初步观察。方法　我院在 2 0 0 2年 10月至 2 0 0 3年 10月的 16例冠心病患者置入CYPHER支架 ,病变长度 18～ 35mm ,术前病变狭窄程度 (90±9 0 ) % ;心血管直径 (2 75～ 3 5mm)。观察药物涂层支架的手术成功率、术中并发症、住院期间及 1年内随访期间的心绞痛、再次血管重建、支架内血栓形成等发生。结果　手术即刻成功率 10 0 % ,术后造影病变残余狭窄 0 % ,支架完全覆盖病变 ,支架近远端无夹层 ,血流TIMI 3级。临床随访 1年13例患者心绞痛消失 ,12例术后 6个月复查冠脉造影 ,无支架内血栓形成 ,无血管再狭窄。结论　雷帕霉素药物涂层支架用于冠心病治疗是安全的 ,临床效果明显优于冠脉普通支架置入     

应用雷帕霉素药物涂层支架治疗冠脉支架内再狭窄研究

目的 :评价雷帕霉素药物涂层支架 (CYPHERCordis)治疗冠脉支架内再狭窄的临床效果。方法 :我院在 2 0 0 2年 10月至 2 0 0 3年 10月对 2 1例冠心病冠脉支架内再狭窄患者置入CYPHERTM支架(Cordis)治疗 ,对 16例前降支支架内再狭窄患者置入CYPHER支架 16个 ,4例右冠支架内再狭窄患者置入CYPHER支架 4个 ,1例回旋支支架内再狭窄患者置入CYPHER支架 1个。观察药物涂层支架的手术成功率 ,术中并发症 ,住院期间及 2 14个月随防期间的心绞痛、心肌梗塞、猝死 ,再次血运重建等发生情况。结果 :手术即刻成功率 10 0 % ,术后造影病变残余狭窄率为 5 %± 3 5 % ,支架完全覆盖病变 ,支架近远段无新夹层 ,血流TIMI3级 ,临床随访 2～ 14个月 2 1例心绞痛消失 ,其中 12例 6～9个月 ,复查冠脉造影 ,无支架内再狭窄发生。结论 :雷帕霉素药物涂层支架 (CYPHER) ,治疗冠脉支架内再狭窄是安全有效的 ,短期临床随访结果明显优于单纯再次扩张及首次置入普通支架的临床效果     

无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术

目的　探讨无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术的可行性及临床效果。方法　参照国外直接冠状动脉内支架置入术标准 ,对 2 7例冠心病患者进行无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术。结果　 2 7例患者共 2 8处病变 ,置入 2 8个支架 ,其中 A型病变 14例 ,B1 型病变 10例 ,B2 型病变 4例。置入支架前管腔狭窄程度为 78.2 %± 5 .6% ,支架置入后血管残存狭窄程度为 0 .9%± 1.4% ,支架置入成功率为 10 0 % ,无并发症发生。术后随访 1年 ,2例患者出现心绞痛 ,冠状动脉造影证实 1例患者出现支架内再狭窄。结论　正确选择适应证的情况下 ,无预扩张直接冠状动脉内支架置入术是一种安全有效的治疗方法 ,可获得较好的近、远期临床效果     

小血管支架的临床应用

目的　评价具有磷酸胆碱涂层的小血管支架治疗细小冠状动脉病变 (≤ 3 0mm)的疗效。方法　选择 4 5例冠心病患者 ,男 35例 ,女 10例 ,年龄 (5 4 2± 10 5 )岁。常规行冠状动脉造影 ,以美国GE公司研制的血管造影机 (GEAdvantx)测量系统实时测量病变血管直径。小于 3 0mm的病变血管共 5 4支 ,平均血管直径为 (2 0± 0 4 5 )mm ,植入PC涂层 (BiodivYsioSV)支架 5 9个。结果　 5 4支病变血管均经球囊扩张后植入支架 ,手术成功率为 10 0 %。支架植入后平均狭窄直径减至 0 %～10 %,无一例急性或亚急性支架内血栓形成。全部病例随访 (6± 2 4 )个月 ,无一例死亡。 10例于术后(4± 1 2 )个月出现心绞痛复发 ,经冠状动脉造影证实 8例为支架内再狭窄 ,2例出现其他部位血管病变。结论　应用具有磷酸胆碱涂层的支架治疗小血管病变 ,再狭窄率低 ,临床疗效肯定。     

中远端冠脉病变的支架治疗

目的 :评价应用具有磷酸胆碱涂层的小血管支架治疗中远端细小冠脉的病变 (≤ 2 5mm)的疗效。方法 :选择 60例冠心病患者 ,年龄 5 4 2± 10 5岁。男 4 6例 ,女 14例 ,常规行冠状动脉造影 ,对病变血管以美国GE公司血管造影机测量系统实时测量病变血管直径 ,<2 5mm病变血管共 69支 ,平均血管直径 2 0± 0 4 5mm ,植入BiodivYsioSV支架 74个。结果 :69支病变血管均经球囊扩张后植入支架 ,手术成功率 10 0 %。支架植入后病变平均狭窄直径减至 0 %～ 10 % ,无 1例急性 亚急性支架内血栓形成。全部病例随访 6± 3 8个月 ,无 1例死亡。 15例于术后 4± 1 2个月心绞痛复发 ,经冠脉造影证实13例为支架内再狭窄 ,2例出现新部位血管病变。结论 :应用具有磷酸胆碱涂层支架治疗小血管病变 ,再狭窄率低 ,临床疗效肯定     

老年高危颈动脉狭窄患者支架治疗的临床效果

目的　观察老年高危颈动脉狭窄患者接受支架治疗的临床效果。方法　回顾总结1998年 3月至 1999年 3月入院的 2 0名有症状的并接受了颈动脉支架治疗的颈动脉狭窄患者的临床资料 ,患者平均年龄 70岁 ,其中 18人 (90 % )同时合并高血压病、高脂血症及冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 ,7人 (35 % )合并 2型糖尿病 ,15人 (75 % )合并周围动脉阻塞性疾病。选择性颈动脉血管造影显示病变共 2 6个 ,其中右 左颈总动脉病变 7个、右 左颈内动脉 19个 ,管腔狭窄均≥ 70 % ,病变平均长为 (14 5± 9 2 )mm。结果　支架治疗后血管造影显示成功率为 10 0 % (n =2 6 ) ,基础靶病变的最小腔内径 (MLD)为 (1 9± 1 2 )mm ,支架后MLD上升至 (5 9± 1 4 )mm ,与基础MLD相比P <0 0 0 0 1[正常的参照血管直径 =(5 3± 1 2 )mm]。直径狭窄百分比由基础 70 2 %± 13 3%降至 - 1 7%± 10 5 %(P <0 0 0 0 1) ,球囊扩张的最大平均压为 12 7大气压 ,每个靶病变平均置入支架 (1 5± 0 7)个。 19名病人临床症状明显改善 ,临床成功率为 95 % (19 2 0 ) ,1名病人 (5 % )在术后第 6天死于腹膜后血肿。85 %病人 (17名 )平均随访 (5± 2 )个月 (1～ 10个月 ) ,其中 82 4 % (14名 )病人无症状存活 ,3名病人在随访的     

国人应用雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架预防再狭窄的初步经验--Sino-SIRIUS临床试验

目的　研究雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架对国人自身冠状动脉第一次进行介入治疗的病变减少再狭窄的效果及安全性。方法　本试验为在 2个中心进行的开放、前瞻性研究。入选标准包括对单一病变 (2 5mm≤靶病变直径≤ 3 0mm)进行治疗 ,长度≤ 30mm ,至少TIMI 1级血流。排除标准包括无保护的左主干病变、开口部病变、左室射血分数≤ 2 5 %、完全闭塞病变 (TIMI 0级 )以及分叉病变侧支直径≥ 2 5mm者。术后 1、3和 6个月进行临床随访 ,术后 6个月造影随访 ,核心试验室 (纽约心血管研究基金会 )进行QCA分析。结果　 4 1例患者入选本研究 ,其中男性 30例 (占 73 2 % ) ,平均年龄 (5 8 6± 11 0 )岁 ,合并糖尿病患者 12例 (占 2 9 3% )。基础冠状动脉造影示参考血管直径(2 5 8± 0 35 )mm ,最小管腔直径 (MLD) (0 77± 0 33)mm ,直径狭窄 (DS % )为 (6 9 77± 12 16 ) % ,病变长度 (14 2 7± 3 72 )mm。支架置入后 ,MLD支架内 (2 4 4± 0 2 8)mm ,节段内 (2 15± 0 38)mm ;DS %支架内 (8 5 8± 9 18) % ,节段内 (19 92± 9 99) %。 6个月造影随访 ,MLD支架内 (2 4 7±0 32 )mm ,节段内 (2 0 6± 0 38)mm ;DS %支架内 (6 6 9± 10 5 3) % ,节段内 (2 2 5 9± 10 2 1) % ;晚期管腔丧失支架内为 ( 0     

PC支架治疗小直径冠脉病变3年随访研究

目的　评价PC支架治疗小直径冠状动脉血管病变的手术成功率、术后主要临床不良事件发生情况及远期再狭窄率。方法　观察我院 1998年 4月至 2 0 0 1年 5月 4 5例小血管 (血管直径 <2 8mm)患者冠心病患者植入PC支架的手术成功率、主要临床不良事件发生情况及远期再狭窄率。随访 1个月至 3年 ,其中 2 8例行冠状动脉造影术复查。结果　手术成功率 10 0 % ,支架全部顺利置入。血管狭窄率由 (82± 10 ) %改善至术后的 (0± 5 ) % (直径法 )。术后 30d随访 ,1例支架内 5 0 %狭窄。 1例术后第 2 2天因急性左心衰死亡。术后 6个月随访 38例。 1例支架完全闭塞 ,1例原支架内及近远端多发性狭窄 ,考虑合并其他血管病变 ,给予搭桥术。 35例随访时间 3年。完全无症状 2 6例。 2例随访过程中支架内狭窄 ,1例术后第 2年因心血管事件死亡。术后第 3年 ,有 2 8例在行冠脉造影复查 ,PC支架植入的 30处 ,6处发生支架内再狭窄 (狭窄 >5 0 % ) ,2例出现支架近端狭窄。冠脉造影再狭窄率为 2 6 6 7% ,总再狭窄率为 2 5 5 %。结论　小血管PC支架术手术成功率高 ,术后即刻效果好 ,术后远期生存率较高 ,再狭窄率接近大血管 >3 0mm普通裸支架     

冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗老年患者复杂冠状动脉病变

目的　探讨经皮冠状动脉腔内支架置入术治疗老年患者复杂性冠状动脉病变的疗效及安全性。方法对 4 5例冠心病患者施行冠状动脉内支架置入术 ,病变血管共 5 8支 ,B型病变 4 9处 ,C型病变 1 3处 ,慢性完全闭塞病变 4处 ,共置入支架 64只。置入左前降支 2 7只 ,左回旋支 1 3只 ,右冠状动脉 2 4只。De Novo支架置入 4 4只 ,Suboptimal支架置入 1 5只 ,Bail-out支架置入 3只 ,再狭窄病变支架置入 2只。结果　术后经冠状动脉造影证实疗效满意 ,支架置入成功率为 98.4 %。术前病变平均直径狭窄 (86.5± 7.8) % ,术后残余直径狭窄 (5 .1± 1 0 .3 ) %。住院期间无亚急性支架血栓形成。 1例出现假性动脉瘤 ,1例在术中及术后出现三次心室颤动 ,4例患者术后心绞痛复发 ,复查冠状动脉造影发现了 3个支架节段血管有再狭窄。结论　对于老年冠心病患者复杂冠状动脉病变 ,经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术是一种安全有效的介入性治疗技术 ,其成功率高 ,并发症发生率低     

冠心病并糖尿病患者使用药物支架与普通支架初步随访结果比较

目的 :观察药物支架在冠心病并糖尿病患者介入治疗的临床疗效。方法 :并发糖尿病的冠心病患者70例常规冠状动脉造影 ,进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 ,其中 32例置入雷帕霉素药物涂层支架 ,38例置入普通支架 ,术前术后常规使用阿司匹林和噻氯吡啶 ,术后进行随访。结果 :冠状动脉造影显示 2支以上血管病变占70 .5 6 % ,一共置入雷帕霉素药物涂层支架 5 4枚 ,普通支架 6 2枚 ,所有患者均获得成功。平均随访 (10 .2± 3.5 )个月 ,其中药物支架组复发心绞痛 9例 ,5例发生心肌梗死 ;普通组复发心绞痛 2 0例 ,8例发生心肌梗死 ,所有患者均再次进行冠状动脉造影 ,药物支架内发生再狭窄 4例 ,普通支架内发生再狭窄 2 0例 ,均进行了靶病变重建术。结论 :药物涂层支架对冠心病并发糖尿病患者近期和远期疗效确切 ,能减少再狭窄的发生     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.