手术辅助化疗治疗50例Ⅲ期肺癌疗效分析

目的:观察手术辅助化疗治疗Ⅲ期肺癌的临床疗效及不良反应.方法:Ⅲ期肺癌患者50例,接受2个周期化疗后,对化疗效果达到PR或 CR、估计能完全切除,选择适当的方式实施手术治疗,完全切除后继续以原方案化疗2-4个周期.统计手术切除率、围手术期死亡、术后并发症率,以及1、2、3年生存率.结果:50例患者围手术期死亡率1%,术后并发症发生率5.4%,1、2、3年生存率分别为83.2%、41.6%、36.3%, 不良反应较轻,患者可以耐受.结论:手术辅助化疗治疗Ⅲ期肺癌具有较好的疗效,可延长生存期,治疗方法安全,不良反应小,患者可以耐受.     

70岁以上老年肺癌术后并发症分析

目的:分析70岁以上老年患者肺癌术后并发症的原因.方法:回顾性分析30例老年肺癌患者手术的临床资料.结果: 全组住院期间死亡2例,术后发生呼吸衰竭16例,心律失常8例,1年生存率为76.6%,3年生存率38.6%.结论: 生理年龄和心肺功能是影响高龄肺癌患者外科治疗的重要因素, 围术期处理是手术成功的关键.     

心包内处理肺血管肺切除术治疗肺癌130例疗效分析

目的:评价通过心包内血管处理行肺切除术治疗中晚期肺癌的临床疗效.方法:2006年4月-2011年4月在本院接受心包内血管处理肺切除术的130例中晚期肺癌患者,观察术后并发症和手术死亡率,并分析不同病理分型和TNM分期对生存的影响.结果:手术死亡率为0.77％ (1/130),术后并发症发生率为14.6％ (19/130).全组患者的1、3和5年生存率分别为75％、43％和20％.行肺叶切除患者的1、3和5年的生存率均高于全肺切除患者(P＜0.01).行心包内血管处理左肺全切术患者的1、3和5年的生存率要高于心包内右肺全切术后患者(P＜0.01).结论:通过心包内血管处理行肺切除术治疗中晚期肺癌可增加手术切除范围并提高手术切除率,改善患者的术后生存.     

年龄对肺癌外科治疗的影响

目的:探讨年龄与肺癌外科治疗的关系。方法:回顾性分析我科2005年2月~2006年2月手术治疗肺癌患者217例的临床资料。结果:在各年龄段,肺癌好发部位均为肺上叶,鳞癌多见。随着年龄的增加,肺癌患者术前合并其他疾病增多,肺功能下降,手术方式的选择趋于保守,术后并发症逐步增加。但只要加强围手术期的管理和治疗,大多数术后并发症均可治愈。结论:对于各年龄段肺癌患者,在选择适当的手术方式和正确的围手术期处理的基础上,应积极手术治疗。     

肺癌手术中心包内肺血管及心房部分切除的疗效观察

目的:探讨心包内处理肺血管及部分切除心房组织在肺癌手术中的应用及价值.方法:在141例肺癌患者术中打开心包处理肺血管及扩大切除受肿瘤侵犯的部分左心房组织.结果:术后并发症发生率36.88%,术后近期死亡率1.42%,术后1、3、5年生存率为74.47%、41.13%、23.40%.结论:心包内处理肺血管及扩大切除部分左房组织安全性好,术后并发症发生率虽有上升,但术后近、远期死亡率无改变,这一行之有效的手术方式可为部分患者增加手术机会,减少手术探查率和扩大手术范围.     

肺癌患者围手术期呼吸道管理

目的:探讨对肺癌患者围手术期的护理管理以减少呼吸道并发症的发生.方法:对155例肺癌手术患者术前肺功能训练和有效咳嗽训练的指导,术后给予吸氧、雾化吸人、胸带包扎、拍背、刺激环甲膜协助咳痰、深呼吸运动等措施.结果:患者多数能积极的进行有效咳嗽.结论:本组患者顺利渡过围手术期,减少了呼吸系统并发症的发生,促进患者康复,缩短了住院天数.     

肺癌根治术后胸部并发症及其危险因素分析

目的:本文旨在探讨肺癌术后胸部并发症的影响因素,为临床提供更多的循证医学证据.方法:回顾性分析2014年6月至2016年3月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院胸外科行肺叶切除术、系统淋巴结清扫术,术后病理证实为Ⅰ-Ⅲ期肺癌患者的临床资料.按照是否发生胸部并发症分为两组,分析比较两组患者的特征.对两组患者的一般资料、术前合并症、术前检查、手术情况等进行单因素分析,对有显著性差异的结果纳入二元Logistic回归方程进行多因素分析.结果:对单因素分析具有统计学差异的指标进行二元Logistic回归多因素分析,结果显示患者年龄(OR=1.053,95％ CI:1.02 ～1.088,P=0.002)、手术部位(P =0.024)、手术方式(OR=2.257,95％ CI:1.287～3.957,P=0.005)及手术持续时间(OR=1.007,95％ CI:1.002～1.011,P =0.004)与无并发症组相比具有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:患者年龄、手术部位、手术方式及手术持续时间是肺癌术后发生胸部并发症的危险因素.     

全胸腔镜下肺癌根治术与开胸肺癌根治术围手术期结果及淋巴结清扫的比较

目的:比较全胸腔镜下肺癌根治术与开胸肺癌根治术的围手术期结果及淋巴结清扫情况.方法:选取赤峰市第二医院2013年5月至2015年7月行全胸腔镜下肺癌根治术患者62例,2012年4月至2013年5月行开胸肺癌根治术62例,观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血、术后并发症和淋巴结清扫情况.结果:胸腔镜组手术时间(120.6±24.1) min,短于开胸组的(146.3±21.2) min,术中出血量为(210.82±132.62) ml,少于开胸组(252.83±176.45) ml;两组手术时间及手术出血量差异有显著性(P<0.01).胸腔镜组和开胸手术组术后无大出血及再次手术止血的患者,未出现支气管胸膜瘘及脓胸,开胸组术后一例死于肺栓塞.胸腔镜组和开胸手术组的平均淋巴结清扫个数分别为(12.19±6.10)枚和(11.35±7.10)枚,两组差异无显著性(P>0.01).结论:胸腔镜下肺癌根治术创伤小,缩短手术时间,减少并发症,在淋巴结清扫上可以达到与开胸手术一样的效果.     

1144例肺癌术后并发症的分析及护理对策

支气管肺癌是胸外科最常见的恶性肿瘤病变，外科手术切除肿瘤仍然是临床上治疗肺癌的最有效手段.但手术存在着一定的并发症和死亡率。为了提高手术的治愈率，减少术后并发症和死亡率，我们对1987年4月至2002年6月我院胸外科手术治疗的1144例肺癌患者术后护理进行分析，现将护理体会报告如下。     

单操作孔胸腔镜手术治疗周围型肺癌围术期效果分析

目的:研究单操作孔胸腔镜手术技术治疗周围型肺癌的围手术期效果.方法:将2012年1月至2015年1月之间我科收治的169例周围型肺癌行胸腔镜手术的患者作为研究对象,根据手术方法的不同分为2组,一组为单操作孔手术组,另一组为双操作孔手术组,比较两组的手术情况以及并发症发生率.结果:单操作孔患者的手术时间(1.92±0.43) h、淋巴结清扫数(15.4±6.2)与双操作孔患者无明显差异;而术中出血量(184.4±25.8) ml、术后引流量(157.4±38.5) ml、术后住院时间(6.5±1.6) d、疼痛NRS评分(2.31±0.45)明显低于双操作孔组单操作孔患者术后肺部感染(6.4%)、肺不张(3.8%)、支气管胸膜瘘(0%)并发症发生率与双操作孔患者无明显差异,而切口感染发生率(1.3%)明显小于双操作孔患者.结论:单操作孔胸腔镜手术与双操作孔胸腔镜手术在手术时间与淋巴结清扫数无差异的同时,术后出血量、术后引流量、术后住院时间大大减少,术后并发症的发生率也没有增加,是治疗周围型肺癌安全有效的手段.     

弥散功能测定在预计肺癌肺切除手术后近期预后中的价值

目的　探讨肺癌肺切除手术前肺一氧化碳弥散功能 (DLCO)测定与手术后近期预后的关系。方法　对 413例肺切除手术前作过肺功能和DLCO测定的肺癌患者术后近期预后进行分析。其中2 7例术前DLCO降低 (全肺或二叶切除者 <6 0 %预计值、肺叶切除者 <5 0 %预计值 )者为DLCO降低(LDLCO)组 ,其余 3 86例为对照组。结果　LDLCO组与对照组相比 ,患者年龄偏大、伴有慢性支气管炎史、长期吸烟史以及术前化疗或放疗者明显增多 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组手术死亡率无显著差异 ,但LDLCO者术后易发生呼吸系统并发症。结论　术前DLCO降低可增加肺切除术后呼吸系统的并发症 ,术前DLCO测定对预计肺切除术后风险具有一定临床意义。     

Prognostic value of smoking status in operated non-small cell lung cancer

Despite the indisputable link between smoking and the increased risk for lung cancer, the inclusion of this factor in prognostic survival analysis has been scarce. Important clinical questions regarding the smoking status are the basis of this study and are as follow: what is the prognostic benefit of having been a non-smoker or having stopped smoking prior to developing lung cancer and what is the prognostic benefit of smoking cessation at the time of diagnosis of lung cancer? Cigarette smoking status of 311 patients operated for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by a single surgeon was determined based on two independent questionnaires taken prospectively prior to lung operation. Of all patients analysed, 169 (54.3%) were current smokers, 25 (8.0%) were non-smokers, 82 (26.4%) were former smokers and 35 (11.3%) were recent quitters. A Cox multiple regression model was used to test the prognostic value of smoking status on survival together with other relevant clinicopathological factors. For overall survival, older age (P = 0.011), presence of lymph node metastases (P < 0.001) and current smoking (P = 0.001) were independent predictors of poor prognosis, while non-smokers (relative risk = 0.447, 95% confidence interval = 0.206-0.970, P = 0.042), former smokers (relative risk = 0.543, 95% confidence interval = 0.350-0.843, P = 0.006) and recent quitters (relative risk = 0.340, 95% confidence interval = 0.164-0.705, P = 0.004) had a significant better prognosis compared to current smokers (referent group). Similar results were obtained for disease-free survival. These results indicate that smoking cessation is beneficial for lung cancer patients at any time point prior to lung operation and current smoking at the time of operation is associated with poor prognosis.     

Lung cancer in patients under 50 years old

PURPOSE: The community based lung cancer registry was set up and the results were analysed to assess the differences in clinicopathological parameters and survival between patients under and over 50 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Pulmonary Outpatient Clinics supplied the data on 5404 lung cancer patients diagnosed in Poland in 1995. Data regarding demographic, smoking, histology, clinical stage, performance status, family history of cancer, therapy and survival were obtained. RESULTS: At time of diagnosis 757 (14%) patients were under 50 years of age. In this group the frequency of females was higher as compared to this in the group of older patients (24.2% vs. 12.1%; P<0.001). Also the incidence of adenocarcinoma (12.6% vs. 7.6%; P<0.001) and small cell lung cancer (22.9% vs. 14.8%; P<0.001) were significantly higher in younger patients. Young patients had better performance status (55.4% vs. 46.6%; P<0.001) than old. The incidence of cancer in families of younger patients was higher both among the mothers (4.7% vs. 3.0%; P<0.001) and among the fathers (7.6% vs. 4.1%, P<0.001). Surgery or chemotherapy were more often applied to patients under 50 years in comparison to older ones (P<0.001). Young patients had better prognosis. Higher percentage of them survived one year (32.6% vs. 28.9%; P<0.049). In multivariate analysis, age over 50 at diagnosis, male gender, diagnosis of small cell lung cancer, advanced stage of the disease, bad performance status, and non-surgical therapy were independent negative prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Among young patients, overrepresentation of women, subjects with positive family history of cancer, with better performance status, with adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer were noticed. Young patients were treated more aggressively and had better prognosis than patients over 50 years of age.     

Multiple primary malignancies involving lung cancer-clinical characteristics and prognosis.

The incidence of multiple primary malignancies has increased in recent decades. The present study attempts to determine the clinical characteristics, the smoking factor, prognosis and temporal relationship of lung cancer to other cancers in patients with multiple primary malignancies. A total of 193 patients with multiple primary cancers involving lung cancer were found among 22,405 cancer cases diagnosed in Taipei Veterans General Hospital, between 1993 and 1997. Patients' clinical characteristics, smoking habit, tumor location, lung cancer histology, staging and survival were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that smoking is a significant risk factor for the development of multiple primary malignancies involving lung cancer (P<0.001). Of the 193 patients in this study, 51 had lung cancer diagnosed before the occurrence of other primary cancers (lung cancer first group, LCF group) and the remaining 142 patients had another cancer site develop ahead of the lung cancer (other cancer first group, OCF group). There was a significant difference between the time of the diagnosis of the first primary cancer to that of the second primary cancer in the LCF group and in the OCF group (median 10 vs. 46 months, P<0.001). For lung cancer staging, 53.3% of LCF patients suffered from stage I-II lung cancer, while 24.5% of OCF patients suffered from stage I-II lung cancer. Upper aerodigestive tract tumors were the most frequent tumors accompanying lung cancer, followed by colorectal and cervical cancer. Patients with cervical cancer were at a higher risk of developing lung cancer. Median survival was 65 months in the LCF patients and 81 months in the OCF patients, when calculated from the diagnosis of the first cancer (P=0.558). Median survival was 36 and 14 months, respectively, when calculated from the diagnosis of the second cancer (P=0.081). Median survival (37 vs. 14 months, P=0.085) and 3-year survival (62.5 vs. 25.4%, P=0.002), calculated from the diagnosis of the second primary lung cancer, was better in those LCF patients who developed another primary lung cancer than in the OCF patients who developed a second primary lung cancer. In conclusion, smoking is a risk factor for the development of multiple primary cancers. Upper aerodigestive tract cancer, colorectal cancer and cervical cancer were the tumors most frequently accompanying lung cancer. The staging status and median survival of patients who had a second primary lung cancer were better than in the general lung cancer population. Careful follow-up and intensive treatment is suggested for these patients.     

食管癌337例术后腹腔淋巴状态对腹腔复发率及预后的影响

目的分析食管癌术后腹腔淋巴结状态对腹腔复发率影响,为术后腹部放疗提供依据。方法回顾性分析2012-01-01-2018-08-01扬中市人民医院胸外科收治的337例ⅠA~ⅣA期食管癌术后患者的临床资料,分析腹腔复发率。结果食管癌术后腹腔淋巴结阳性患者1、3、5年腹腔无复发生存率分别为83.6%、69.6%和64.7%,腹腔淋巴结阴性患者分别为96.9%、93.0%和86.3%,差异有统计学意义,χ²=21.102,P<0.001。1、3、5年无转移生存率腹腔淋巴结阳性患者分别为84.7%、69.6%和69.6%,腹腔淋巴结阴性患者分别为95.1%、91.0%和88.3%,差异有统计学意义,χ²=13.392,P<0.001。1、3、5年累积生存率腹腔淋巴结阳性患者分别为77.2%、54.0%和54.0%,腹腔淋巴结阴性患者分别为93.0%、74.8%和66.7%,差异有统计学意义,χ²=8.290,P=0.004。腹腔淋巴结状态是术后腹腔复发的独立预后因素之一,HR=3.496,95%CI:1.665~7.342,P=0.001。中/下段食管癌、T3患者术后腹腔淋巴结阳性较阴性有更高的腹腔转移概率,差异有统计学意义,均P<0.05。结论术后腹腔淋巴结阳性患者腹腔复发率增加,与腹腔高复发危险因素结合可精确筛选腹腔预防照射人群。     

单向式全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗老年肺癌的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨单向式全胸腔镜肺叶切除术对老年肺癌患者疗效及血清CRP、PCT与生存率的影响。方法:从我院2012年7月至2014年10月收治的老年肺癌患者中选取148例作为研究对象,随机将其划分成治疗组和对照组,每组各74例。对照组使用传统路径胸腔镜肺癌根治术,治疗组采用单向式全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗。对比两组患者手术疗效、手术前后血清C-反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）、降钙素原（procalcitonin ,PCT）水平变化,统计并发症、复发及生存情况。结果:治疗组手术时间、术中出血量、术后胸腔引流量、引流管放置时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),两组术后3天视觉模拟评分（VAS）、淋巴结清扫数目比较差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1、3、6个月,治疗组一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV1/FVC均低于术前,但呈不断增高趋势,且治疗组FEV1、FVC明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组总并发症发生率为13.51%,明显低于对照组24.32%(P>0.05);两组术后血清CRP、PCT水平均明显增高,治疗组增高幅度明显低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组术后肿瘤复发例数及术后1年生存率、术后3年生存率比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:单向式全胸腔镜肺叶切除术对老年I、II期肺癌患者手术疗效较好,可明显改善各项手术指标,加快患者恢复,且并发症发生率、远期复发率及生存率与传统路径胸腔镜肺癌根治术并无较大差异。     

电视辅助胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的 比较电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除与开胸肺叶切除治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果.方法 收集81例初诊为早期非小细胞肺癌实施手术治疗的患者为研究对象,并将其分为2组:观察组和对照组.观察组给予胸腔镜肺叶切除术,对照组给予开胸肺叶切除术.比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血、术后拔管时间、住院时间及术后并发症情况.定期随访,比较患者术后3个月、6个月、12个月及3年的生活质量及3年生存率.结果 2组患者的手术时间、拔管时间无明显差异(P>0.05),但观察组患者术中出血及住院时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05).观察组患者有7例出现肺部感染,并发症发生率17.1%;对照组患者并发症合计16例,并发症发生率为40.0%.观察组并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P=0.022).术后第3个月、6个月观察组患者的生存质量明显高于对照组(P<0.05),术后第12个月2组患者的生存质量无明显差异(P>0.05).观察组3年生存率为29.3%,对照组的生存率为30.0%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.994).结论 电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌,手术创伤小,术中出血少,术后并发症少,术后生存质量高,术后3年生存率与开胸肺叶切除术无明显差异,近期效果满意.     

单孔胸腔镜下肺段切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的:观察单孔胸腔镜下肺段切除术对非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗效果,分析其对患者术后疼痛、并发症发生率及生存率的影响。方法:选取本院2014年1月至2015年9月收治的非小细胞肺癌患者87例为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为单孔组45例和三孔组42例,单孔组采用单孔胸腔镜下肺段切除术治疗,三孔组采用常规三孔胸腔镜下肺段切除术治疗。采用视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale,VAS）对患者术后疼痛程度进行评分。结果:两组患者术中纵隔淋巴结切除个数无显著差异（P＞0.05）,单孔组患者手术时间显著高于三孔组（P＜0.05）,术中出血量、术后胸腔引流量、住院天数及术后并发症发生率显著低于三孔组（P＜0.05）。两组患者术后1 d、3 d、7 d疼痛评分均呈逐渐降低趋势（P＜0.05）,且单孔组显著低于三孔组（P＜0.05）。单孔组无进展生存率与三孔组之间无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论:单孔胸腔镜下肺段切除术对非小细胞肺癌患者疗效显著,可抑制患者术后疼痛,降低并发症发生率,且3年内生存率与三孔法相当。     

高龄老年胃癌患者行D2根治性切除术后疗效分析

目的分析高龄老年胃癌患者性D2根治性切除术后的近期并发症、死亡率和远期生存情况。方法选取2010年9月至2015年6月在安庆市立医院肿瘤外科行胃癌根治术(D2)的患者188例,其中高龄组(≥75岁)61例,对照组(60～65岁)127例。比较两组患者的术前合并症、围手术期死亡率、术后并发症及其术后生存情况。结果高龄组术前合并症发生率(705％)高于对照组(449％),差异有统计学意义(P=0001)。高龄组最常见的术前合并症为贫血(295％)、高血压(230％)、肺疾病(230％)、心血管疾病(114％)、肝脏疾病(86％),其中包含2种合并症的占213％,3种及以上合并症的占164％。高龄组术后并发症发生率(361％)与对照组(268％)比较差异无统计学意义(P=0192)。高龄组术后肺部感染(220％)和心衰(33％)的发生比例高于对照组(分别为63％、0％)。高龄组术后5年生存率与对照组差异无统计学意义(599％ vs. 646％,P=0390)。结论高龄组胃癌患者与对照组行D2根治术后的手术并发症发生率、围手术期死亡率和总生存期无明显差异,手术安全可行。高龄早期胃癌患者应注意合并症和继发恶性肿瘤的发生。     

Analysis of complications and BREAST-Q score after radiotherapy in breast cancer patients treated with different reconstruction methods

Objective To compare the complications, degree of satisfaction and quality of life among breast cancer patients treated with different reconstruction methods after postoperative radiotherapy, aiming to explore the optimal combination of reconstruction and radiotherapy. Methods 105 breast cancer patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy after reconstruction surgery in Tumor Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were enrolled. According to the type of reconstruction, all patients were divided into group A (autologous reconstruction group, n=54) and group B (implant reconstruction group, n=51). Patients in group B were further divided into group B1(one-stage reconstruction group, n=30) and group B2(two-stage reconstruction group, n=21) according to the timing of reconstruction. The incidence of complications and BREAST-Q score were statistically compared between groups A and B, groups B1 and B2, respectively. The influencing factors of BREAST-Q score were identified by multiple linear regression analysis. Results The incidence of long-term complications and the total incidence of complications in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (1.9% vs. 37.3%, P<0.001 and 9.3% vs.43.1%, P<0.001), and the scores of psychosocial well-being and degree of satisfaction with breasts in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (71(15) vs. 66(22), P=0.027 and 53(8) vs. 53(8), P=0.032)). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications and BREAST-Q scores between groups B1 and B2(both P>0.05). Breast volume and complications were the predictors of BREAST-Q score (both P<0.001). Conclusions Radiotherapy after autologous reconstruction of breast cancer yields fewer complications and better BREAST-Q score than the implantation reconstruction. The incidence of postoperative radiotherapy complications and BREAST-Q scores are equivalent between one-stage and two-stage reconstruction. The BREAST-Q score is lower in patients with large breasts or complications.