超声造影、MSCT三期增强检查对肾癌的诊断价值对比

目的分析超声造影、MSCT三期增强检查对肾癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院2017年6月至2019年7月收治的84例肾癌的临床资料,比较超声造影检查和MSCT检查对不同病理分级肾癌诊断准确率。结果 94例患者经超声造影检诊断准确率为95.24%,MSCT检查诊断准确率为92.86%(P0.05);两者联合检查的诊断准确率为98.81%。84例患者超声造影检查显示实性肿块51例,其中周边有环状无回声20例;囊性肿块33例;低回声21例,等回声19例,高回声44例;造影增强后,可见高回声28例,等回声35例,低回声21例。43例肿瘤周围可见假包膜,21例肿瘤内部显示部分不增强,20例造影后显示"蜂窝状"结构。MSCT检查显示4例患者表现为高密度,低密度49例,等密度31例。19例患者肿块呈圆形,12例呈椭圆形,30例呈类圆形,不规则形者23例。结论 MSCT检查和超声造影检查均可有效显示肾癌的影像学特点,但是两者联合检查诊断准确率更高,可为临床上诊断肾癌分级提供可靠的依据。     

超声造影与增强CT在诊断胰腺占位性病变的对比分析

目的对比分析超声造影与增强CT对胰腺占位性病变的诊断价值。方法选择我院收治的39例胰腺占位性病变患者为研究对象,均进行超声造影与增强CT检查,以手术病理检查为金标准,比较超声造影与增强CT对胰腺占位性病变的诊断价值。结果本次39例胰腺占位性病变患者均为单发病灶,其中32例恶性病变,7例良性病变。超声造影检查诊断与手术病理结果相符者,恶性病变27例,良性病变5例;胰腺恶性病变超声造影始增时间、始减时间和渡越时间均明显短于良性病变和周围实质(P0.05),峰值强度低于良性病变和周围实质(P0.05)。增强CT与手术病理结果相符者,恶性病变27例,良性病变4例。超声造影检出准确率82.05%与增强CT检出准确率78.49%无显著差异(P0.05)。结论超声造影与增强CT对胰腺占位性病变诊断检出率相近,均有较高临床诊断价值。     

甲状腺占位性病变的彩色多普勒声像图特征与病理对照分析

目的分析甲状腺占位性病变超声声像图特征,旨在提高甲状腺占位性病变良恶性鉴别的准确率,尤其是甲状腺内单发结节的诊断。方法回顾性对照分析143例甲状腺肿块超声声像图特征与术后病理结果。结果①单发结节型28例．超声诊断正确率57．1％;②多发结节型56例,超声诊断正确率69．6％;③弥漫结节型59例,超声诊断正确率96．6％。超声造影检查对单发可疑恶性结节可提高诊断正确率为78．6％,对其他类型的诊断准确率提高不明显。结论甲状腺肿块超声声像图表现为极低回声、均匀低回声实性肿块,无明显包膜、声晕,内有微小钙化且无囊性变的,诊断为恶性肿块可能性大,超声造影对提高单发结节的良恶性鉴别具有统计学意义。     

脂肪肝背景下低回声实质占位28例误诊分析

目的:研究脂肪肝背景下低回声实质占位误诊的原因,旨在提高诊断准确率。方法:对28例常规超声检查误诊病例进行了临床表现分析,与增强CT、超声造影检查肝穿刺细胞学或组织病理学、术后结果相对照,分析误诊原因。结果:28例中5例血管瘤误诊为肝癌,13例肝脓肿误诊为肝癌,10例肝癌误诊为肝脓肿,14例去外院超声造影检查,2例与穿刺,术后病理诊断不符,22例增强CT检查,3例与穿刺术后病理诊断不符。结论:脂肪肝背景下肝内低回声实质性占位常规超声检查诊断有困难,尤其是小病灶临床症状不典型的诊断,疑难型肝癌与肝脓肿临床表现存在不典型的非自然转归现象很难鉴别。     

实时超声造影对肝脏占位性病变70例诊断的临床价值

目的 观察肝脏占位性病变超声造影后的特点,评估超声造影检查对肝脏占位性病变诊断的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析70例共91个病灶的超声造影表现.结果 原发性肝癌(HCC)动脉相早期呈整体增强,呈快进快出高增强;转移性肝癌动脉相早期周边先环状强化或直接整体强化,门脉相及延迟相迅速消退,呈"黑洞"征表现;胆管细胞癌动脉相早期周边开始强化,至门脉相早期强化范围进一步扩大,呈慢进快出高增强.肝血管瘤呈典型的慢进慢出高增强,肝腺瘤呈快进慢出低增强,肝脓肿呈网格状快进快出低增强.局灶性结节性增生表现为"轮辐状"快进慢出高增强,不均质脂肪肝及肝硬化结节呈等增强,其增强方式与周围肝实质一致.结论 不同肝脏占位性病变有不同的超声造影特点,超声造影检查有助于肝脏占位性病变的鉴别诊断.     

超声造影结合增强CT对胆囊占位性病变的诊断价值分析

目的探讨超声造影结合增强CT对胆囊占位性病变的诊断价值。方法选取2017年5月至2018年2月因胆囊占位性病变入院手术治疗患者120例,所有病例均经手术病理证实,对患者进行超声造影与增强CT扫描检查,以病理结果为金标准,分析其病变类型的诊断准确率。结果超声造影胆囊占位性病变类型诊断结果与病理结果比较,胆囊息肉诊断准确率92.59%,胆囊腺肌增生症诊断准确率80.00%,胆囊癌诊断准确率82.76%;增强CT胆囊占位性病变类型诊断结果与病理结果比较,胆囊息肉诊断准确率88.89%,胆囊腺肌增生症诊断准确率70.00%,胆囊癌诊断准率89.66%;超声造影结合增强CT胆囊占位性病变类型诊断结果与病理结果比较,胆囊息肉诊断准确率97.53%,胆囊腺肌增生症诊断准确率90.00%,胆囊癌诊断准率96.55%;超声造影结合增强CT判断肿瘤可显著提高胆囊占位性肿瘤病变鉴别准确率,检测准确度、特异度、灵敏度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均高于单独超声造影与单独增强CT扫描;增强CT检测胆囊癌病变分型诊断准确性高于超声造影,联合检测结果基本与增强CT扫描结果一致。结论超声造影结合增强CT对胆囊占位性病变诊断中具有积极作用,可显著提高诊断准确率。     

超声造影在肝脏占位性病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影技术在不同肝脏占位病变中诊断价值。方法对23例肝脏占位患者进行超声造影检查,并实时观察病灶内灌注过程及回声变化。结果肝细胞肝癌均表现为动脉相整体快速增强,并在门脉相快速或缓慢消退,肝实质相呈现低回声区;肝血管瘤呈现自周围向心性缓慢性充填式增强,并持续较长时间;肝局灶性结节增生表现为快速增强,但在实质期开始消退;肝转移癌与肝脓肿及囊肿伴感染虽都在动脉期周边增强,但消退时间不同,转移性肝癌在门脉相开始消退,至实质相呈低回声,而肝脓肿和囊肿伴感染则在实质相缓慢消退;2例局灶性炎症,2例脂肪肝及2例慢性肝病的动脉相、门脉相、实质相均未见异常增强区和廓清区。结论不同肝脏占位性病变超声造影检查有不同特征性声像图表现,能明显提高肝实质占位性病变诊断率。     

超声造影在胆囊占位性病变中的应用价值研究

目的探讨超声造影在胆囊占位性病变诊断中的应用价值及其存在的局限性。方法对67例经手术病理证实的胆囊占位性病变患者的超声造影图像进行回顾性分析。结果在超声造影检查中,胆囊癌的超声造影依据类型不同,呈多样性改变,其准确率为79.31%;局限性胆囊腺肌增生症的主要表现是囊壁与周围胆囊壁呈现等增强或略高增强,与周围胆囊壁界限清楚,延迟期呈等增强或略低增强,准确率为60.00%;胆囊息肉主要表现为动脉期及延迟期始终与胆囊壁呈同步等增强或略高于胆囊壁,准确率为75.76%。结论超声造影在胆囊占位性病变的诊断中具有重要的应用价值,但对部分占位性病变的鉴别诊断较困难。     

超声造影在脂肪肝背景下肝脏良性局灶性病变中的应用

目的 探讨超声造影在脂肪肝背景下肝脏良性局灶性病变诊断中的应用.方法 对脂肪肝背景下的159个肝脏局灶性病变进行了超声造影检查,将超声造影检查结果 同增强CT,增强MRI及病理诊断进行对比,其中良性局灶性病变126例(血管瘤61例,局灶性脂肪缺失30例,局灶性增生结节(Focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH)19例,孤立性坏死结节10例,炎性假瘤3例,肝脓肿3例),分析良性局灶性病变的超声造影特征.结果 超声造影检查后,61例血管瘤中的48例表现为动脉期的周边高回声结节或高回声环,进而造影剂向病灶中心进展,其余13例血管瘤表现为动脉期的快速灌注.30例局灶性脂肪缺失表现为造影三期等增强.19例FNH表现为动脉期的离心性放射状增强或整体快速增强,门脉期及实质期为高回声或等回声.3例炎性假瘤均表现为动脉期快速增强,但门脉期及实质期为低回声.10例孤立性坏死结节均表现为造影三期无增强.3例肝脓肿均表现为动脉期快速增强,其中2例为蜂窝状增强,3例实质期均表现为低回声.结论 超声造影可显示脂肪肝背景上肝脏良性病灶的血流灌注特征,因此可用于脂肪肝基础上肝脏良性局灶性病变的鉴别诊断.     

超声造影在肝内胆管细胞癌中的诊断价值分析

目的:分析超声造影在肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)中的诊断价值。方法:选择进行ICC诊断患者154例作为研究对象。所有患者均给予超声造影检查及增强CT检查。观察ICC病灶在超声造影的开始增强时间、达峰时间、表现等回声时间、表现低回声时间以及在超声造影中的增强方式,观察超声造影和CT造影对ICC诊断的准确率。观察患者ICC病灶超声造影和增强CT不同时相的表现。结果:超声造影ICC病灶开始增强时间为(14.52±3.77)s,达峰时间为(22.36±5.01)s,表现等回声时间为(30.28±8.03)s,表现低回声时间为(44.14±15.79)s。ICC超声图像可出现低回声、形态不规则、边界不清晰、肿块后方回声出现衰减、肿块内可见条索状高回声光带,肝门或胰腺周围淋巴结肿大等特点。超声造影与增强CT在动脉期均表现为高增强,在门脉期超声造影以低增强为主,增强CT以高增强为主,在延迟期超声造影均表现为低增强,而增强CT仍然是以高增强为主,无等增强表现。对154例ICC的超声造影检查127例正确,准确率为82.47%,增强CT110例准确,准确率为71.43%。超声造影对ICC诊断准确率高于增强CT,且具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:超声造影在肝内胆管细胞癌诊断中具有重要的临床应用价值,其增强时间、增强方式以及声像图能够为疾病的诊断提供可靠依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.