接种灭活疫苗后的境外输入性新冠肺炎患者临床特征

目的 通过比较接种/未接种新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)后感染新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的境外输入性患者的临床特征,为临床诊疗提供参考.方法 选取2021年1月4日—4月10日广州医科大学附属市八医院收治的接种灭活疫苗后境外输入性COVID-19患者(接种疫苗组),及同期来自相同输入国家的未接种新冠疫苗的确...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎实验室诊断技术研究进展

2019年12月,湖北省武汉市发现以肺部病变为主的新型冠状病毒感染,2020年2月11日世界卫生组织(WHO)将由新型冠状病毒引发的疾病正式命名为2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19),该病毒称为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)。COVID-19短时间内扩散到全国,3月11日WHO宣布COVID-19已构成全球大流行。实验室检测是确诊COVID-19的重要依据,对于该病的治疗和防疫工作至关重要。本文对COVID-19实验室临床诊断技术相关进展进行整理综述。     

新型冠状病毒感染对神经系统的影响

关于新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)对中枢神经系统损害的机制有很多争议。本文对近2年来COVID-19引起相关神经系统症状及疾病的研究进展进行总结和分析, 以期有助于早期识别COVID-19, 了解其神经损伤的潜在机制, 对于新型冠状病毒引起的神经系统症状、并发症进行更好的预防与处理措施。     

浙江省境外输入新型冠状病毒肺炎病例特征

目的 了解浙江省2020年9月1日加强入境人员管控后境外输入新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病例特征,为防控境外输入COVID-19疫情提供依据.方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2020年9月1日—2021年1月28日浙江省境外输入COVID-19病例的个案信息和流行病学调查资料,描述性分析病例的时间、地区、...     

特殊健康状态人群新型冠状病毒疫苗接种有效性和安全性的真实世界研究进展

特殊健康状态人群感染新型冠状病毒后发展为新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)重症和死亡的风险高,该人群的COVID-19疫苗接种是全球性挑战。本文对特殊健康状态人群接种COVID-19疫苗保护效果和安全性的真实世界研究进展进行了综述,梳理了世界卫生组织和主要国家关于特殊健康状态人群的COVID-19疫苗接种推荐意见,为做好中国特殊健康状态人群COVID-19疫苗接种提供参考。     

北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎本地确诊病例密切接触者的感染情况及危险因素分析

目的 通过对北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)本地确诊病例密切接触者中感染新型冠状病毒肺炎的病例或无症状感染者的感染率和危险因素进行分析,为本地新型冠状病毒肺炎密切接触者的精准管控提供科学依据.方法 以2020年1月19日-5月31日北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎本地确...     

83例新型冠状病毒肺炎病例CT图像定量分析

目的 全自动人工智能(AI)系统定量分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病例胸部CT图像,为判断COVID-19病例重症转化和早期临床干预提供依据.方法 选择2020年1月23日—2月14日武汉市武昌医院收治的83例COVID-19确诊病例为研究对象.收集病例临床资料,参考《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版)》...     

从新型冠状病毒肺炎的流行病学特点浅谈其口岸防控

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情进入关键时期。口岸作为重要的防控环节,对控制病毒传播具有重大意义。本文依据现已掌握的COVID-19流行病学特点,结合口岸防控NCP相关措施进行探析,以期为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的口岸防控提供参考。     

多次核酸阴性后确诊COVID-19病例临床特征

目的分析新型冠状病毒鼻咽拭子核酸检测多次阴性后确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者临床特征。方法筛选2020年2月5日-2月25日武汉大学人民医院隔离病房住院患者,选取73例多次新型冠状病毒鼻咽拭子核酸检测阴性,疑似或者临床诊断为COVID-19的患者作为研究对象,将其分为三组(排除COVID-19组、核酸阴性组和核酸阳性组),收集其临床资料,分析临床症状、实验室检查、新型冠状病毒核酸检测、胸部CT影像学。结果与排除COVID-19组比较,核酸阴性组发病到住院时间较长(P=0.002),淋巴细胞计数较低(P=0.047),更容易出现乏力(P0.05)。与核酸阳性组比较,核酸阴性组重型及危重型患者较多(P=0.012),更容易出现乏力(P0.05)。白细胞总数排除COVID-19组较核酸阴性组、核酸阳性组明显升高(P0.05)。4例患者痰液核酸检测阳性,1例患者同时出现粪便及痰液核酸检测阳性。临床诊断为COVID-19患者新型冠状病毒抗体检测呈阳性,排除COVID-19患者新型冠状病毒抗体检测呈阴性。临床诊断为COVID-19的58例患者影像学均呈典型COVID-19影像学改变。结论 COVID-19诊断一定要结合流行病学资料、临床特点、实验室和影像学检查及病程发展、治疗反应等综合评估。     

广东省ZH市一起新型冠状病毒肺炎家庭聚集性疫情流行病学调查分析

目的 调查并分析广东省ZH市一起新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)家庭聚集性疫情,为COVID-19的科学防控提供更多证据.方法 采用现场流行病学方法调查病例及密切接触者,采用实时荧光RT-PCR技术对咽拭子等样本进行新型冠状病毒核酸检测.结果 该家庭首发病例于1月28日发病后,该家庭相继发生6例确诊病例,疫情波及4...     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.